Effects of Short Term Smoking on Metabolic Syndrome Parameters in Young Healthy Population

Year 2014, , 226 - 232, 01.09.2014

Yusuf Aydın Emel Acar Hafize Titiz Elif Önder Mücahit Gür

https://doi.org/10.5505/abantmedj.2014.43043

Abstract

Objective: Insulin resistance is the decreased sensitivity of tissues to insulin effect. Obesity, advanced age, sedentary life and smoking are the factors that increase the insulin resistance. In our study we aimed to evaluate the relationship between the smoking and parameters of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance individuals without advanced age, obesity, high blood glucose levels and hypertension. Method: In this study we included 100 people 50 nonsmoker, 50 smoker who admitted to internal medicine outpatient clinic of Duzce University School of Medicine, from February 2009 to July 2009. Patients waist / hip ratio, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c were measured. HOMA-IR values were calculated. Results: Age, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c and HOMA-IR values were similar between both groups p>0.05 . Statistically HDL cholesterol level was significantly low in smokers compared to nonsmokers Conclusion: Our study has shown that there is no relationship between cigarette smoking and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance develops with increase in smoking.

Keywords

Cigarette, HOMA-IR, insulin resistance

Genç Sağlıklı Kişilerde Kısa Dönem Sigara Kullanımının Metabolik Sendrom Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: İnsülin direnci, vücuttaki dokuların insülinin etkisine karşı duyarlılıklarında azalma olması durumudur. Obezite, ileri yaş, sedanter yaşam ve sigara içiciliği insülin direncinde artışa yol açan faktörlerdir. Çalışmamızda genç yaştaki, sağlıklı bireyler de sigara içiciliği ile insulin direnci ve diğer metabolik sendrom parametreleri arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya, Şubat 2009 - Temmuz 2009 tarihleri arasında Düzce Üniversitesi Dahiliye Polikliniğine başvuran 100 kişi 50 sigara içen, 50 içmeyen alındı. Çalışmaya alınan bireylerin bel/kalça oranı, vücut kitle indeksi, sistolik ve diyastolik kan basıncı, trigliserid, LDL kolesterol, HDL kolesterol, açlık kan şekeri, insülin, HbA1c ölçümleri yapıldı. HOMA-IR değerleri hesaplandı. Bulgular: Her iki grup arasında yaş, vücut kitle indeksi, sistolik ve diyastolik tansiyon, trigliserid, LDL kolesterol, açlık kan şekeri, insülin, HbA1c ve HOMA-IR değerleri benzerdi p>0.05 . Sigara içenlerde HDL kolesterol seviyesi sigara içmeyenlere göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde düşük bulundu Sonuç: Çalışmamız kısa süreli sigara içimi ile insülin direnci arasında bir ilişkinin olmadığını göstermiştir. Sigara kullanılan süre ve miktar arttığında ise insülin direnci gelişmektedir

Keywords

Sigara, HOMA-IR, insülin direnci

References

• Goldstein BJ. Insulin Resistance as the Core De- fect in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Am J Cardiol 2002;90:3-10.
• Rimm E.B, Manson J.E, Stampfer M.J, Colditz G.A, Willett W.C, Rosner B, Hennekens CH, Speizer FE. Cigarette smoking and the risk of diabetes in wo- men. Am. J. Public Health 1993;83:211-214.
• Rimm E.B, Chan J, Stampfer M.J, Colditz G.A, Willett W.C. Prospective study of cigarette smoking, alcohol use and the risk of diabetes in men. BMJ 1995;310:555-559.
• Facchini FS, Hollenbeck CB, Jeppesen J, Chen YD, Reaven GM. İnsülin resistance and cigarette smo- king. Lancet 1992;339:1128-30.
• Assali A.R, Beigel, Y, Schreibman, R, Shafer, Z, Fainaru, M. Weight gain and insulin resistance du- ring nicotine replacement therapy. Clin. Cardiol. 1999;22:357-360.
• Eliasson B, Taskinen M. R. and Smith U. Long- term use of nicotine gum is associated with hype- rinsulinemia and insulin resistance. Circulation 1996;94:878-881.
• Kannel WB. Update on the role of cigarette smo- king in coronary artery disease. Am Heart J 1981;101:319–28.
• Attvall S, Fowelin J, Lager I, Von Schenck H, Smith U. Smoking induces insulin resistance—a potential link with the insulin resistance syndrome. J Intern Med 1993;233:327–332.
• Ronnemaa T, Ronnemaa EM, Puukka P, Pyorala K, Laakso M. Smoking is independently associated with high plasma insulin levels in nondiabetic men. Diabetes Care 1996;19:1229–32.
• Hautanen A, Adlercreutz H. Hyperinsulinaemia, dyslipidaemia and exaggerated adrenal androgen response to adrenocorticotropin in male smokers. Diabetologia 1993;36:1275–81.
• Janzon L, Berntorp K, Hanson M, Lindell SE, Trell E. Glucose tolerance and smoking: a population study of oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests in middle-aged men. Diabetologia 1983;25:86– 8.
• Targher G, Alberiche M, Zenere MB, Bonadonna RC, Muggeo M, Bonora E. Cigarette smoking and insulin resistance in patients with non–insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Me- tab 1997;82:3619–24.
• Kong C, Nimmo L, Elatrozy T, Anyaoku V, Hughes C, Robinson S, Richmond W, Elkeles RS. Smoking is associated with increased hepatic lipase activity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and early atherosc- lerosis in type 2 diabetes. Atherosclerosis 2001;156:373–378.
• Laws A, Reaven GM. Evidence for an indepen- dent relationship between insulin resistance and fasting plasma HDL cholesterol, triglyceride and insulin concentrations. J Intern Med 1992;231:25– 30.
• Steinberg HO, Chaker H, Leaming R, Johnson A, Brechtel G, Baron AD. Obesity/insulin resistance is associated with endothelial dysfunction. J Clin In- vest 1996;97:2601–10.
• Onat A, Hergenç G, Türkmen S, Yazıcı M, Sarı İ, Can G. Discordance between Insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome: features and associated cardi- ovascular risk in adults with normal glucose regula- tion. Metabolism 2006;55:445-52.
• Onat A, Hergenç G, Uyarel H, Özhan H, Esen AM, Karabulut A, Albayrak S, Can G, Keleş İ. Association between mild renal dysfunction and insulin resis- tance, metabolic syndrome or its components in a random nondiabetic population sample. Kidney BP Res 2007; 30:88-96.
• Willett W, Hennekens CH, Castelli W, Rosner B, Evans D, Taylor J, Kass EH. Effects of cigarettes smo- king on fasting triglyceride, total cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol in women. Am Heart J 1983;105:417–21.
• Clarke WR, Srinivasan SR, Shear CL, Hunter SM, Croft JB, Weber LS, Berenson GS. Cigarette smoking initiation and longitudinal changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins in early adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol 1986;124:207-219.
• Craig WY, Palomaki GR, Haddow JE. Cigarette smoking and serum lipid and lipoprotein concentra- tions: an analysis of published data. BMJ 1989;298:784–8.
• Jeppesen J, Hein OH, Suadicani DD, Gyntelberg F. Low triglycerides–high-density lipoprotein choles- terol and risk of ischemic heart disease. Arch Intern Med 2001;161:361-416.