ULUSLARARASI AFET HUKUKU: GELİŞİMİ, AMAÇLARI, KAPSAMI, ELEŞTİRİLERİ

Year 2023, , 49 - 71, 15.10.2023

Kıvanç Demirci , Veysel Erat

https://doi.org/10.30915/abd.1380903

Abstract

Afet; canlı yaşamını durduran veya kesintiye uğratan, yerel kaynaklarla mücadele etmenin mümkün olmadığı, can ve mal kayıpları meydana getiren doğal, teknolojik ve insan kaynaklı olaylar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Dünya genelinde yaşanan afetler sayı ve şiddet bakımından günden güne artış göstermekle birlikte teknolojik, askeri ve sosyolojik gelişmeler de afet tiplerini çeşitlendirerek kriz yönetimini zor hale getirmiştir. Afetlerin yıkıcı etkilerinden kaynaklanan can ve mal kayıplarını en aza indirmek amacıyla ulusal ve uluslararası çeşitli çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmektedir.
Afet kaynaklı kriz durumlarına müdahale süreçlerindeki bürokratik engelleri aşma, acil durum koordinasyonunu etkin kılma, afet hukukundan kaynaklı sorumluluk standartlarını belirleme amaçlarıyla kabul edilen Uluslararası Afet Hukuku (IDRL) da bu çalışmalar arasında yer almaktadır. Bu bağlamda, IDRL’nin gelişim süreçleri, hedefleri ve mevcut yapısına ilişkin eleştirilerin açıklanması çalışmanın temel amacını oluşturmaktadır.
Araştırmada IDRL’nin; risk analizi, kurumlararası koordinasyon ve uluslararası afet hukukunu standartlaştırması konularında önemli ilkeler içerdiği; etkin bir şekilde uygulanması durumunda toplumsal afet direncini artıracağı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Esnek hukuk normlarını içermesi, yardımcı aktör mekanizmasını ilkeler arasında detaylı bir şekilde ele alması, kabul edilen hükümlerin iç hukuka aktarılmasında yetersiz kalması gibi durumlar uyum düzeyini ve etkinliği düşüren nedenler arasında sıralanmıştır.

Keywords

afet, afet direnci, uluslararası afet hukuku.

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