Abstract
In 1953, Francis Crick and James Watson identified the three-dimensional structure of DNA. The foundational knowledge about DNA traces back to the mid-nineteenth century when Swiss biochemist Friedrich Miescher described a substance he termed "nuclein," later known as nucleic acid. The connection between inherited diseases and proteins was first established by Archibald Garrod in 1902. In 1928, Frederick Griffith identified the genetic material as the "transforming principle", which was later clarified by McCarty, Avery, and McLeod to be DNA, a fact further confirmed by Hershey and Chase. Phoebus Levene, in the early 20th century, distinguished between the sugars in RNA and DNA and introduced the concept of the nucleotide as a fundamental DNA building block.
References
- Chargaff, E. (1978). Heraclitean Fire: Sketches from a Life Before Nature. Rockefeller University Press. p. 252. ISBN 0-874-70029-9.
- Franklin, R.E., Gosling, R.G. (1953). Evidence for 2-chain helix in crystalline structure of sodium deoxyribonucleate, Nature 172: 156-157
- Griffith, F. (1928). The significance of pneumococcal types. Journal of Hygiene, 27, 113– 159
- Hershey A, Chase M. (1952). “Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage”, J Gen Physiol. 36 (1): 39–56
- Hopkins, F.G. (1938). Archibald Edward Garrod 1857–1936, Obit Not Fell R Soc, 2: 224– 228.
- Kay, L. E. (1992). The Molecular Vision of Life: Caltech, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Rise of the New Biology. Oxford University Press. pp. 104–116.
- McCarty, M. (2003). Discovering genes are made of DNA. Nature, 421: 406
- Miescher, F. (1871a). Ueber die chemische Zusammensetzung der Eiterzellen, Medicinischchemische Untersuchungen 4: 441–460
- Olby, R. (2003). Quiet debut for the double helix. Nature 421: 402-405
- Watson, J.D., Crick, F.H.C. (1953). A structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid, Nature, 171: 737-738
- Wilkins, M.H.F., Stokes, A.R., Wilson H.R.(1953a). Molecular structure of deoxypentose nucleic acid. Nature 171: 738-740, 1953.
- Wilkins, M.H.F., Seeds, W.E., Stokes, A.R. et al. (1953b). Helical structure of crystalline deoxypentose nucleic acid, Nature 172: 759-762, 1953.
Abstract
1953'te Francis Crick ve James Watson, DNA'nın üç boyutlu yapısını belirledi. DNA hakkındaki temel bilgi, İsviçreli biyokimyager Friedrich Miescher'in 19. yüzyılın ortalarında "nuclein" adını verdiği bir maddeyi tanımlamasına dayanmaktadır; bu madde daha sonra nükleik asit olarak adlandırıldı. Kalıtsal hastalıklar ve proteinler arasındaki bağlantı, 1902'de Archibald Garrod tarafından ilk kez kuruldu. 1928'de Frederick Griffith, genetik materyali "dönüştürücü ilke" olarak tanımladı. Bu ilkenin DNA olduğu daha sonra McCarty, Avery ve McLeod tarafından açıklığa kavuşturuldu ve Hershey ve Chase tarafından doğrulandı. 20. yüzyılın başlarında Phoebus Levene, RNA ve DNA'daki şekerler arasındaki farkı belirledi ve DNA'nın temel yapı taşı olan nükleotid kavramını tanıttı.
References
- Chargaff, E. (1978). Heraclitean Fire: Sketches from a Life Before Nature. Rockefeller University Press. p. 252. ISBN 0-874-70029-9.
- Franklin, R.E., Gosling, R.G. (1953). Evidence for 2-chain helix in crystalline structure of sodium deoxyribonucleate, Nature 172: 156-157
- Griffith, F. (1928). The significance of pneumococcal types. Journal of Hygiene, 27, 113– 159
- Hershey A, Chase M. (1952). “Independent functions of viral protein and nucleic acid in growth of bacteriophage”, J Gen Physiol. 36 (1): 39–56
- Hopkins, F.G. (1938). Archibald Edward Garrod 1857–1936, Obit Not Fell R Soc, 2: 224– 228.
- Kay, L. E. (1992). The Molecular Vision of Life: Caltech, the Rockefeller Foundation, and the Rise of the New Biology. Oxford University Press. pp. 104–116.
- McCarty, M. (2003). Discovering genes are made of DNA. Nature, 421: 406
- Miescher, F. (1871a). Ueber die chemische Zusammensetzung der Eiterzellen, Medicinischchemische Untersuchungen 4: 441–460
- Olby, R. (2003). Quiet debut for the double helix. Nature 421: 402-405
- Watson, J.D., Crick, F.H.C. (1953). A structure for deoxyribose nucleic acid, Nature, 171: 737-738
- Wilkins, M.H.F., Stokes, A.R., Wilson H.R.(1953a). Molecular structure of deoxypentose nucleic acid. Nature 171: 738-740, 1953.
- Wilkins, M.H.F., Seeds, W.E., Stokes, A.R. et al. (1953b). Helical structure of crystalline deoxypentose nucleic acid, Nature 172: 759-762, 1953.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Forensic Biology |
| Journal Section | Case Study |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | February 28, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 1 Issue: 1 |
