A Deep Learning-Based Classification Study for Diagnosing Corneal Ulcers on Ocular Staining Images

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 281 - 292, 29.12.2023

Onur Sevli

https://doi.org/10.26650/acin.1173465

Abstract

Corneal ulcer is a common disease worldwide and is one of the leading causes of corneal blindness. Diagnosis of the disease requires expertise, and the number of experienced ophthalmologists is not sufficient, especially in underdeveloped countries. For this reason, it is necessary to develop technology-based decision support systems in the diagnosis of the disease. However, the number of studies on this subject is not sufficient. In this study, CNN-based classifications were performed using corneal ulcer images obtained by an ocular staining technique, consisting of 712 samples and three classes. In addition to the AlexNet and VGG16 state-of-the-art architectures, which are widely used in the literature, a CNN model proposed for this study was used for classification. In the classifications performed by applying data augmentation, 95.34% accuracy with AlexNet, 98.14% with VGG16, and 100% accuracy with the proposed model was obtained. The findings were compared with similar studies in the literature. It was concluded that the accuracy rates obtained with all of the models used in the study were generally higher than similar studies in the literature, and the accuracy obtained with the proposed CNN model was higher than all of the peers. In addition, the success of the proposed model compared to other models with more complex structures revealed that it is not always necessary to use complex architectures for high accuracy.

Keywords

Corneal ulcer diagnosis, convolutional neural network, classification

Oküler Boyama Görüntülerinde Kornea Ülserinin Teşhisi İçin Derin Öğrenmeye Dayalı Bir Sınıflandırma Çalışması

Abstract

Kornea ülseri dünya genelinde yaygın görülen bir hastalık olup kornea körlüğünün önce gelen nedenlerindendir. Hastalığın teşhisi uzmanlık gerektirmekte olup, özellikle az gelişmiş ülkelerde tecrübeli oftalmolog sayısı yeterli sayıda değildir. Bu durum hastalığın teşhisinde etkin ve uzmanlara destek sistemlerin oluşturulmasını gerekli kılmaktadır. Ancak henüz bu konuda yapılmış olan çalışmaların sayısı yeterli düzeyde değildir. Bu çalışmada 712 adet ve 3 türden oluşan, oküler boyama tekniği ile elde edilen kornea ülser görüntüsü kullanılarak CNN tabanlı sınıflandırmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Literatürde yaygın kullanılan AlexNet ve VGG16 daha derin state-of-art mimarileri yanında bu çalışma için önerilen bir CNN modeli kullanılmıştır. Veri arttırımı uygulanarak gerçekleştirilen sınıflandırmalarda AlexNet ile 95.34%, VGG16 ile 98.14%, ve önerilen model ile 100% doğruluk elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular literatürdeki benzer çalışmalarda karşılaştırılmıştır. Tüm modeller ile elde edilen doğruluk oranlarının literatürdeki çalışmaların genelinden yüksek olduğu, önerilen CNN modeli ile elde edilen doğruluğun ise emsallerin tamamından yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca önerilen modelin daha karmaşık yapıdaki diğer modellere nazaran da yüksek başarı sergilemiş olması, daha minimal mimarilerle de yüksek başarı elde edilebileceğini ortaya koymuştur.

Keywords

Kornea ülseri teşhisi, evrişimsel sinir ağı, sınıflandırma

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