The Future of Smart Campuses: Combining Digital Twin and Green Metrics

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 384 - 395, 29.12.2023

İlknur Teke , Orkun Teke , Murat Kılınç

https://doi.org/10.26650/acin.1386072

Abstract

The “Smart Campus” concept combines environmental sustainability and technological innovation and plays an important role in educational institutions. In this context the contribution of “Digital Twins” and “Green metrics (GM)” to smart campus is one of the important areas of research. In this study, a digital twin architecture is proposed, including energy and climate change, waste and water issues, which account for 48% in GM criteria. Digital simulation and communication protocols, predictive analysis and dynamic decision support can be synthesized between the physical world and the sensor-based framework. This synthesis reveals the potential to reduce environmental damage through effective waste management, efficient use of water resources, identification of efficiency gaps through real-time analysis of energy consumption, and reduction of carbon footprint through energy savings. This study aims that the combined approach presented with the proposed framework according to GM criteria will contribute to future educational environments by ensuring smart campus sustainability.

Keywords

Digital twin, green metrics, smart campus

Akıllı Kampüslerin Geleceği: Dijital İkiz ve Yeşil Metriklerin Birleştirilmesi

Abstract

Çevresel sürdürülebilirlik ile teknolojik yeniliğin birleşimini temsil eden “Akıllı Kampüs” kavramı, geleceğin eğitim kurumlarında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu açıdan, “Dijital İkiz” teknolojisinin ve “Green Metrics (GM)” ölçümlerinin akıllı kampüslere nasıl katkı sağlayacağı önemli araştırma alanlarından biridir. Bu çalışma kapsamında, GM kriterleri arasında etki değeri %48 olan enerji ve iklim değişikliği, atık ve su konuları dikkate alınarak bir dijital ikiz mimarisi önerilmiştir. Bu kriterler kullanılarak oluşturulan sensör tabanlı çerçeve ile dijital simülasyon ve fiziksel dünya arası iletişim protokolü, tahmine dayalı analiz ve dinamik karar desteği sentezlenebilmektedir. Bu sentez ile kampüslerdeki atıkların etkili bir şekilde yönetilerek çevresel zararın azaltılması, su kaynaklarının verimli kullanımı, enerji tüketiminin gerçek zamanlı analizi ile verimlilik açıklarının belirlenmesi, enerji tasarrufu sağlayarak karbon ayak izinin azaltılması potansiyelleri ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada GM kriterleri doğrultusunda önerilen çerçeve ile birlikte sunulan birleşik yaklaşımla beraber, akıllı kampüslerin sürdürülebilir olması sağlanarak geleceğin eğitim ortamlarına katkıda sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır.

Keywords

Akıllı kampüs, dijital ikiz, yeşil metrikler

References

• Abdulmouti, H., Skaf, Z., & Alblooshi, S. (2022). Smart Green Campus: The Campus of Tomorrow. Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1109/ASET53988.2022.9735087 google scholar
• Abuarqoub, A., Abusaimeh, H., Hammoudeh, M., Uliyan, D., Abu-Hashem, M. A., Murad, S., Al-Jarrah, M., & Al-Fayez, F. (2017). A survey on internet of things enabled smart campus applications. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, Part F130522. https://doi.org/10.1145/3102304.3109810 google scholar
• Anh Khoa, T., Phuc, C. H., Lam, P. D., Nhu, L. M. B., Trong, N.... Duc, D. N. M. (2020). Waste Management System Using IoT-Based Machine Learning in University. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2020(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6138637 google scholar
• Çelebi, H., Bahadır, T., Şimşek, İ., & Tulun, Ş. (2020). The Importance of Smart Campuses in the Context of Boyd Cohen Wheel and Sustainable Enviromental Dimension. Journal of Engineering Sciences and Design, 8(3), 952-960. https://doi.org/10.21923/JESD.703431 google scholar
• Corrado, C. R., DeLong, S. M., Holt, E. G., Hua, E. Y., & Tolk, A. (2022). Combining green metrics and digital twins for sustainability planning and governance of smart buildings and cities. Sustainability, 14(20), 12988. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU142012988 google scholar
• Demiroğlu, D., Karadağ, A., & Cengiz, A. E. (2017). Evaluation of the green campus approach on the campuses in Turkey. Eurasian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture Journal, 1(1), 53-65. google scholar
• Finlay, J., & Massey, J. (2012). Eco-campus: Applying the ecocity model to develop green university and college campuses. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 13(2), 150-165. https://doi.org/10.1108/14676371211211836 google scholar
• Gambella, C., Ghaddar, B., & Naoum-Sawaya, J. (2019). Optimization Models for Machine Learning: A Survey. European Journal of Operational Research, 290, 807-828. google scholar
• Georgios, L., Kerstin, S., & Theofylaktos, A. (2019). Internet of Things in the Context of Industry 4.0: An Overview. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Knowledge Issue, 1 (1), 4-19. https://doi.org/10.2478/IJEK-2019-0001 google scholar
• Han, X., Yu, H., You, W., Huang, C., Tan, B., Zhou, X., & Xiong, N. N. (2022). Intelligent Campus System Design Based on Digital Twin. Electronics, 11(21), 3437. https://doi.org/10.3390/ELECTRONICS11213437 google scholar
• Khan, M. N., & Naseer, F. (2020). IoT Based University Garbage Monitoring System for Healthy Environment for Students. IEEE 14th International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC), 354-358. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSC.2020.00071 google scholar
• Kivunja, C. (2018). Distinguishing between Theory, Theoretical Framework, and Conceptual Framework: A Systematic Review of Lessons from the Field. International Journal of Higher Education, 7(6), 44-53. https://doi.org/10.5430/yhe.v7n6p44 google scholar
• Kumaş, E., & Erol, S. (2021). Endüstri 4.0’da Anahtar Teknoloji Olarak Dijital İkizler. Politeknik Dergisi, 24(2), 691-701. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.778934 google scholar
• Lauder, A., Sari, R., Suwartha, N., & Tjahjono, G. (2015). Critical review of a global campus sustainability ranking: GreenMetric. Journal of Cleaner Production, 108, 852-863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.080 google scholar
• Leshem, S., & Trafford, V. (2007). Overlooking the conceptual framework, Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 44(1), 93-105. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703290601081407 google scholar
• Li, P. (2017). Optimization Algorithms for Deep Learning. University of Hong Kong Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management Journal. 30(3), 1-12. Retrieved from http://lipji.com/docs/li2017optdl.pdf. google scholar
• Lukman, R., Tiwary, A., & Azapagic, A. (2009). Towards greening a university campus: The case of the University of Maribor, Slovenia. Resources, Conservation & Recycling, 53, 639-644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.04.014 google scholar
• Massucco, S., Del Borghi, A., Delfino, F., Laiolo, P., Marin, V., Moreschi, L., & Vinci, A. (2023). University of Genoa best practices in managing Energy and Climate Change. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1194, 012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1194/1/012001 google scholar
• Pexyean, T., Saraubon, K., & Nilsook, P. (2022). IoT, AI and Digital Twin For Smart Campus. Invention, and Innovation Congress: Innovative Electricals and Electronics, RI2C, 160-164. https://doi.org/10.1109/RI2C56397.2022.9910286 google scholar
• Register, R. (2005). Ecocities: Rebuilding Cities in Balance with Nature. New York, NY: New Society Publishers. google scholar
• Sala, R., Zambetti, M., Pirola, F., & Pinto, R. (2018). How to select a suitable machine learning algorithm: A feature-based, scope-oriented selection framework. Proceedings of the Summer School Francesco Turco, 2018(1), 87-93. google scholar
• Sharma, K., & Suryakanthi, T. (2015). Smart System: IoT for University. International Conference on Green Computing and Internet of Things (ICGCIoT), 2015(1), 1586-1593. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICGCIoT.2015.7380720 google scholar
• Sonetti, G., Lombardi, P., & Chelleri, L. (2016). True Green and Sustainable University Campuses? Toward a Clusters Approach. Sustainability, 8, 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8010083 google scholar
• Suwartha, N., & Sari, R. F. (2013). Evaluating UI GreenMetric as a tool to support green universities development: assessment of the year 2011 ranking. Journal of Cleaner Production, 61, 46-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2013.02.034 google scholar
• Trauer, J., Schweigert-Recksiek, S., Engel, C., Spreitzer, K., & Zimmermann, M. (2020). What Is a Digital Twin? - Definitions and Insights From an Industrial Case Study In Technical Product Development. Proceedings of the Design Society: Design Conference, 1, 757-766. https://doi.org/10.1017/DSD.2020.15 google scholar
• UI GreenMetric. (2023, July 21). What is UI Green Metric?[https://Greenmetric.Ui.Ac.Id/about/Welcome]. Retrieved from https://greenmetric.ui.ac.id/ google scholar
• VanDerHorn, E., & Mahadevan, S. (2021). Digital Twin: Generalization, characterization and implementation. Decision Support Systems, 145, 113524. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.DSS.2021.113524 google scholar
• Wang, Y. (2022). Research on smart campus construction based on digital twins. Fifth International Conference on Mechatronics and Computer Technology Engineering (MCTE 2022).12500Q3, 914-920. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2662569 google scholar
• Wang, M., Fu, W., He, X., Hao, S., & Wu, X. (2020). A Survey on Large-Scale Machine Learning. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 34, 2574-2594. google scholar
• Zaballos, A., Briones, A., Massa, A., Centelles, P., & Caballero, V. (2020). A Smart Campus’ Digital Twin for Sustainable Comfort Monitoring. Sustainability, 12(21), 9196. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12219196 google scholar