Büyük Menderes Nehri (Türkiye'nin Batısı) Yüzey Suyu Kalitesinin Su Kalite Indeksi (WQI), Kapsamlı Kirlilik Indeksi (CPI) ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (GIS) ile Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 2, 108 - 127, 01.06.2024

Nigar Zeynalova , Ahmet Demirak , Mustafa Döndü , Feyyaz Keskin

https://doi.org/10.22392/actaquatr.1308181

Öz

Bu çalışma, Büyük Menderes nehrindeki bazı su kalite parametrelerini mekansal olarak su kalite ve kirlilik indeksleri ile incelemeyi, ayrıca çalışmada ölçülen hangi parametrenin indeksler üzerinde daha etkili olduğunu belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Ölçülen su kalite parametreleri Yüzey Suyu Sıcaklığı:16,5-25,9 oC, pH:7,5-9,3, Çözünmüş Oksijen:nd-12,2 mgL-1, Elektriksel İletkenlik:312-30215 µScm-1, Tuzluluk:0,17-19,6%o, Nitrit Azotu (NO2-N):nd-0,31 mgL-1, Nitrat Azotu (NO3-N):nd-1,08 mgL-1, Amonyum Azotu (NH4-N):0,035-25,2 mgL-1, Toplam Fosfor:0,011-7,45 mgL-1, Anyonik Yüzey Aktif Madde:nd-7,79 mgL-1 ve Kimyasal Oksijen İhtiyacı:nd-128,9 mgL-1 olarak tespit edildi. Çalışmamızda Türkiye Su Kirliliği Kontrolü Yönetmeliği (SKKY, Kıtaiçi yerüstü su kaynaklarının genel kimyasal ve fizikokimyasal parametreler açısından sınıflarına göre kalite kriterleri)’ne göre birden fazla parametrenin ikinci sınıf ve üçüncü sınıf su kalitesinde olduğu belirlendi. Su kalitesi indeksi değer aralığı akarsuda Kötü (38,82)-Mükemmel (92,35), kapsamlı kirlilik indeksi ise “Az Kirli (0,39)-Çok Kirli (9,62)” şekinde tespit edildi. Çalışma alanında çevresel risklerin belirlenmesinde kullanılan su kalite indeksi ve kapsamlı kirlilik indeksi arasında bir uyumun olmadığı belirlendi. Coğrafi bilgi sisteminin, elde edilen sonuçların mekansal dağılımının yorumlanmasında ve kontrol gerektiren kilit alanların belirlenmesinde etkili olduğu görüldü. Değişkenler arası ilişkilerin belirlenmesinde farklı istatistiksel analizler kullanıldı. Çoklu doğrusal regresyon (MLR) analizinde indeksleri etkileyen en önemli parametrenin NH4-N olduğu tespit edildi. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen su kalite indeksi ve kapsamlı kirlilik indeksi sonuçları antropojenik faaliyetlerin bölge üzerinde etkili olduğuna işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yüzey suyu kalitesi, su kalite indeksi, kapsamlı kirlilik indeksi, fiziko-kimyasal parametreler

Proje Numarası

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Assessment of Büyük Menderes River (West of the Türkiye) Surface Water Quality with Water Quality Index (WQI), Comprehensive Pollution Index (CPI) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Öz

In the present study some of the water quality parameters were spatially examined with water quality and pollution indices in the Büyük Menderes River (BMR). In addition, the more effective parameters on the indices were determined among the parameters measured in the study. The measured water quality parameters were detected as WT:16.5-25.9 oC, pH:7.5-9.3, DO:nd-12.2 mgL-1, EC:312-30215 µScm-1, Salt:0.17-19.6 %o, NO2-N:nd-0.31 mgL-1, NO3-N:nd-1.08 mgL-1, NH4-N:0.035-25.2 mgL-1, TP:0.011-7.45 mgL-1, MBAS:nd-7.79 mgL-1 ve COD:nd-128.9 mgL-1. In the present study, several parameters were determined as the second class and third class of water quality according to the Turkish Water Pollution Control Regulation*. WQI value range was determined as from Bad (38.82) to Excellent (92.35), and CPI as from “Sub Clean (0.39) to Highly Polluted (9.62)” in the stream. It was determined that there was no compatibility between WQI and CPI used in determining the environmental risks in the study area. The GIS was found to be effective in interpreting the spatial distribution of the results obtained and in identifying the key areas that require control. Different statistical analyses were used to determine the relationships between variables. In multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis, it was determined that the most critical parameter affecting the indices was NH4-N. The results obtained from WQI and CPI in the present study indicate that anthropogenic activities are effective in the region.
*:TWPCR, Quality criteria of inland surface water resources in terms of general chemical and physicochemical parameters by Class

Anahtar Kelimeler

Surface water quality, water quality index, comprehensive pollution index, physico-chemical parameters

Destekleyen Kurum

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

Proje Numarası

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Kaynakça

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