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Kişisel Kültürel Değerler Ölçeği: Uyarlama Çalışması

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 20 - 34, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.22466/acusbd.1132032

Abstract

Kültür ölçümü ile ilgili literatürde birçok ölçme aracı bulunmaktadır. Kültürün kavramsallaştırılmasında, uygulamaya yansıtılmasında ve sosyal bilimler ile kültürler arası çalışmalarda kullanılması ile baskın bir ölçme aracı olarak Hofstede’in kültür boyutları karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ulusal kültür bağlamında kullanılan bu boyutlar; kültürün kişisel düzeyde ölçümüne olanak sağlayacak bir ölçüm aracının (CVSCALE: The Five-Dimensional Measure of Personal Cultural Values) oluşturulmasına da neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Hofstede’nin kültürel boyutlarından yararlanarak Yoo, Donthu ve Lenartowicz (2011) tarafından geliştirilen Kişisel Kültürel Değerler Ölçeği’nin (KKDÖ), Türkçe’ye uyarlanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda yükseköğretim kurumlarında çalışan akademik personelden 273 katılımcı (90’ı kadın, 183’ü erkek, 174’ü Beden Eğitimi ve Spor, 99’u diğer programlarda çalışan), çalışmanın örneklemini oluşturmuştur. Toplam 26 madde ve 5 alt boyuttan oluşan ölçeğin; geçerlilik ve güvenirliği için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmış ve iç tutarlılık katsayıları ile korelasyon değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; ölçeğin orijinal ölçekle uyumlu olduğu ve iç tutarlılık katsayılarının toplamda .81, alt boyutlar için; güç mesafesi .64, belirsizlikten kaçınma .73, ortaklaşacılık .81, erillik .74 ve uzun vadeli yönelimin ise .79 olduğu belirlenmiştir. Alt boyutlar arası korelasyonun da pozitif yönlü olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak uyarlanan ölçeğin, yükseköğretim kurumlarında çalışan akademik personelin kişisel kültürel değerlerinin ortaya konmasında geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu söylenebilir.

Supporting Institution

Çukurova Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri

Project Number

TDK-2021-13433

Thanks

Çalışma, Çukurova Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri tarafından TDK-2021-13433 Nolu proje ile desteklenmiştir.

References

  • Bilgin, N. & Kutlu, A. (2021). Turkish validity and reliability of the individual cultural values scale on nurses. Journal of Research in Nursing, Published Online. https://doi.org/10.1177/17449871211045220
  • Blodgett, J.G., Bakir, A. & Rose, G.M. (2008). A test of the validity of Hofstede’s cultural framework. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 25(6), 339-349.
  • Budin, D. K. A. & Wafa, S. A. (2013). The relationship between gender and ethnicity upon Hofstede’s cultural dimensions among Sabah ethnicities. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 10(6), 55-58.
  • Comrey, A. & Lee, H. (1992). A first course in factor analysis. Erlbaum.
  • De Mooij, M. & Hofstede, G. (2010). The Hofstede model: Applications to global branding and advertising strategy and research. International Journal of Advertising, 29(1), 85-110.
  • Djamen, R., Georges, L. & Pernin, J. L. (2020). Understanding the cultural values at the individual level in Central Africa: A test of the cvscale in Cameroon. International Journal of Marketing and Social Policy (IJMSP), 35 pages.
  • Fang, T. (2003). A Critique of Hofstede’s fifth national culture dimension. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 3(3), 347-368.
  • Hambleton, R. K. & Patsula, L. (1999). Increasing the validity of adapted tests: Myths to be avoided and guidelines for improving test adaptation practices. Journal of Applied Testing Technology, August, 1-13.
  • Hofstede, G. & Bond, M. H. (1984). Hofstede’s culture dimensions-an independent validation using Rokeach’s valur survey. Journal of Cross-Culturel Psychology, 15(4), 417-433.
  • Hofstede, G. (1995). Multilevel research of human systems: Flowers, bouquets and gardens. Human Systems Management, 14, 207-217.
  • Hofstede, G. & Hofstede, G. J. (2005). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind (Vol. 2). Mcgraw-Hill.
  • Hofstede, G. & Fink, G. (2007). Culture: Organisations, personalities and nations. Gerhard Fink interviews Geert Hofstede. European J. International Management, 1(1/2), 14-22.
  • Hofstede, G. & Minkov, M. (2010). Long-versus short-term orientation: New perspectives. Asia Pacific Business Review, 16(4), 493–504.
  • Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Unit 2, 1-26.
  • Jones, M. & Alony, I. (2007). The cultural impact of information systems-through the eyes of Hofstede-A critical journey. Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 4, 407-419.
  • Khatri, N. (2009). Consequences of power distance orientation in organisations. Vision-The Journal of Business Perspective, 13(1), 1-9.
  • Kline, P. (1994). An easy guide to factor analysis. Routledge.
  • Latif, K., Pitafi, A. H., Malik, M. Y. & Latif, Z. (2019). Individual cultural values and consumer animosity: Chinese consumers’ attitude toward American products. Sage Open, 9(3), 1-14.
  • Mazanec, J. A., Crotts, J. C., Gursoy, D. & Lu, L. (2015). Homogeneity versus heterogeneity of cultural values: An item-response theoretical approach applying Hofstede's cultural dimensions in a single nation. Tourism Management, 48, 299-304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.11.011
  • McCoy, S. (2003). Integrating national culture into individual IS adoption research: The need for individual level measures. AMCIS 2003 Proceedings.
  • McCoy, S., Galletta, D. F. & King, W. R. (2005). Integrating national culture into is research: The need for current individual-level measures. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 15, 211-224. DOI: 10.17705/1CAIS.01512
  • Minkov, M. (2017). A revision of Hofstede’s model of national culture: Old evidence and new data from 56 countries. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, 26 pages.
  • Minkov, M. & Hofstede, G. (2011). The evolution of Hofstede’s doctrine. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 18(1), 10-20.
  • Saylık, A. (2017). Okul Müdürlerinin Paternalist (Babacan) Liderlik Davranışları ile Hofstede’nin Kültür Boyutları Arasındaki İlişki (Doktora Tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Schein, E. H. (2012). What is culture?. M. Godwyn & J. H. Gittell içinde, Sociology of organizations: Structures and relationships (pp. 311-314). Pine Forge Press.
  • Sharma, P. (2010). Measuring personal cultural orientations: scale development and validation. J. of the Acad. Mark. Sci., 38, 787-806.
  • Spector, P. E. (2001). An international study of the psychometric properties of the Hofstede values survey module 1994: A comparison of individual and country/province level results. Applied Psychology an International Review, 50(2), 269-281.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu (TDK) (2021). Güncel Türkçe sözlük. Erişim Tarihi: 24.03.2021, https://sozluk.gov.tr/ adresinden alındı.
  • Venaik, S. & Brewer, P. (2013). Critical issues in the Hofstede and GLOBE national culture models. International Marketing Review, 30(5), 469-482.
  • Verbeke, W. (2000). A revision of Hofstede et al.’s (1990) Organizational Practices Scale. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 587-602.
  • Yoo, B. & Donthu, N. (2005). The effect of personal cultural orientation on consumer ethnocentrism: Evaluations and behaviors of U.S. consumers toward Japanese products. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 18(1/2), 7-44.
  • Yoo, B., Donthu, N. & Lenartowicz, T. (2011). Measuring Hofstede’s five dimensions of cultural values at the individual level: Development and validation of CVSCALE. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 23, 193-210.
  • Yoo, B. & Shin, G. C. (2017). Invariant effect of individual cultural orientations: An application of CVSCALE. International Marketing Review, 35 pages. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-03-2015-0055

Personal Cultural Values Scale: An Adaptation Study

Year 2022, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 20 - 34, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.22466/acusbd.1132032

Abstract

There are many measurement tools in the literature related to the measurement of culture. Hofstede’s culture dimensions appear as a dominant measurement tool with its use in conceptualizing culture, its reflecting into practice and in social sciences and intercultural studies. These dimensions of national culture have also led to the creation of a measurement tool (The Five-Dimensional Measure of Personal Cultural Values) that will allow the measurement of culture at a personal level. In this study, it is aimed to adapt Personal Cultural Values Scale (PCVS) to Turkish. The scale was developed by Yoo, Donthu and Lenartowicz (2011) using cultural dimensions of Hofstede’s. Concerning this purpose, 273 participants (90 women, 183 men, 174 Physical Education and Sports, 99 working in other programs) from academic staff working in higher education institutions composed of sample of the study. For validity and reliability of the scale, consists of 26 items and 5 sub-dimensions, confirmatory factor analysis was performed and internal consistency coefficients and correlation values were calculated. According to the analysis results, it was determined that the scale is compatible with the original scale and the internal consistency coefficients in total is .81 for sub-dimensions; power distance is .64, uncertainty avoidance is.73, collectivism is .81, masculinity is .74 and long-term orientation is .79. It was also observed that the correlation between sub-dimensions was positive. As a result, it can be said that the adapted scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool in revealing the personal cultural values of academic staff working in higher education institutions.

Project Number

TDK-2021-13433

References

  • Bilgin, N. & Kutlu, A. (2021). Turkish validity and reliability of the individual cultural values scale on nurses. Journal of Research in Nursing, Published Online. https://doi.org/10.1177/17449871211045220
  • Blodgett, J.G., Bakir, A. & Rose, G.M. (2008). A test of the validity of Hofstede’s cultural framework. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 25(6), 339-349.
  • Budin, D. K. A. & Wafa, S. A. (2013). The relationship between gender and ethnicity upon Hofstede’s cultural dimensions among Sabah ethnicities. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM), 10(6), 55-58.
  • Comrey, A. & Lee, H. (1992). A first course in factor analysis. Erlbaum.
  • De Mooij, M. & Hofstede, G. (2010). The Hofstede model: Applications to global branding and advertising strategy and research. International Journal of Advertising, 29(1), 85-110.
  • Djamen, R., Georges, L. & Pernin, J. L. (2020). Understanding the cultural values at the individual level in Central Africa: A test of the cvscale in Cameroon. International Journal of Marketing and Social Policy (IJMSP), 35 pages.
  • Fang, T. (2003). A Critique of Hofstede’s fifth national culture dimension. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 3(3), 347-368.
  • Hambleton, R. K. & Patsula, L. (1999). Increasing the validity of adapted tests: Myths to be avoided and guidelines for improving test adaptation practices. Journal of Applied Testing Technology, August, 1-13.
  • Hofstede, G. & Bond, M. H. (1984). Hofstede’s culture dimensions-an independent validation using Rokeach’s valur survey. Journal of Cross-Culturel Psychology, 15(4), 417-433.
  • Hofstede, G. (1995). Multilevel research of human systems: Flowers, bouquets and gardens. Human Systems Management, 14, 207-217.
  • Hofstede, G. & Hofstede, G. J. (2005). Cultures and organizations: Software of the mind (Vol. 2). Mcgraw-Hill.
  • Hofstede, G. & Fink, G. (2007). Culture: Organisations, personalities and nations. Gerhard Fink interviews Geert Hofstede. European J. International Management, 1(1/2), 14-22.
  • Hofstede, G. & Minkov, M. (2010). Long-versus short-term orientation: New perspectives. Asia Pacific Business Review, 16(4), 493–504.
  • Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing cultures: The Hofstede model in context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, Unit 2, 1-26.
  • Jones, M. & Alony, I. (2007). The cultural impact of information systems-through the eyes of Hofstede-A critical journey. Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 4, 407-419.
  • Khatri, N. (2009). Consequences of power distance orientation in organisations. Vision-The Journal of Business Perspective, 13(1), 1-9.
  • Kline, P. (1994). An easy guide to factor analysis. Routledge.
  • Latif, K., Pitafi, A. H., Malik, M. Y. & Latif, Z. (2019). Individual cultural values and consumer animosity: Chinese consumers’ attitude toward American products. Sage Open, 9(3), 1-14.
  • Mazanec, J. A., Crotts, J. C., Gursoy, D. & Lu, L. (2015). Homogeneity versus heterogeneity of cultural values: An item-response theoretical approach applying Hofstede's cultural dimensions in a single nation. Tourism Management, 48, 299-304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.11.011
  • McCoy, S. (2003). Integrating national culture into individual IS adoption research: The need for individual level measures. AMCIS 2003 Proceedings.
  • McCoy, S., Galletta, D. F. & King, W. R. (2005). Integrating national culture into is research: The need for current individual-level measures. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 15, 211-224. DOI: 10.17705/1CAIS.01512
  • Minkov, M. (2017). A revision of Hofstede’s model of national culture: Old evidence and new data from 56 countries. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management, 26 pages.
  • Minkov, M. & Hofstede, G. (2011). The evolution of Hofstede’s doctrine. Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 18(1), 10-20.
  • Saylık, A. (2017). Okul Müdürlerinin Paternalist (Babacan) Liderlik Davranışları ile Hofstede’nin Kültür Boyutları Arasındaki İlişki (Doktora Tezi). Ankara Üniversitesi.
  • Schein, E. H. (2012). What is culture?. M. Godwyn & J. H. Gittell içinde, Sociology of organizations: Structures and relationships (pp. 311-314). Pine Forge Press.
  • Sharma, P. (2010). Measuring personal cultural orientations: scale development and validation. J. of the Acad. Mark. Sci., 38, 787-806.
  • Spector, P. E. (2001). An international study of the psychometric properties of the Hofstede values survey module 1994: A comparison of individual and country/province level results. Applied Psychology an International Review, 50(2), 269-281.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu (TDK) (2021). Güncel Türkçe sözlük. Erişim Tarihi: 24.03.2021, https://sozluk.gov.tr/ adresinden alındı.
  • Venaik, S. & Brewer, P. (2013). Critical issues in the Hofstede and GLOBE national culture models. International Marketing Review, 30(5), 469-482.
  • Verbeke, W. (2000). A revision of Hofstede et al.’s (1990) Organizational Practices Scale. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 587-602.
  • Yoo, B. & Donthu, N. (2005). The effect of personal cultural orientation on consumer ethnocentrism: Evaluations and behaviors of U.S. consumers toward Japanese products. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 18(1/2), 7-44.
  • Yoo, B., Donthu, N. & Lenartowicz, T. (2011). Measuring Hofstede’s five dimensions of cultural values at the individual level: Development and validation of CVSCALE. Journal of International Consumer Marketing, 23, 193-210.
  • Yoo, B. & Shin, G. C. (2017). Invariant effect of individual cultural orientations: An application of CVSCALE. International Marketing Review, 35 pages. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-03-2015-0055
There are 33 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nurşen Şahin 0000-0002-6081-6373

F. Pervin Bilir 0000-0001-5413-3712

Project Number TDK-2021-13433
Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date June 16, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Şahin, N., & Bilir, F. P. (2022). Kişisel Kültürel Değerler Ölçeği: Uyarlama Çalışması. Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), 20-34. https://doi.org/10.22466/acusbd.1132032

Artvin Coruh University International Journal of Social Sciences

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