The Tolstoy Foundation and Operation in Turkey

Year 2020, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 333 - 356, 31.12.2020

Sinan Kıyanç

https://doi.org/10.31679/adamakademi.640337

Cited By: 1

Abstract

In this study, Tolstoy Foundation and the activities in Turkey are discussed. The Foundation played a role in breaking the relations between the USA and the USSR at the very beginning of the Cold War due to its activities. The foundation, which played an active role in the Cold War, shows how non-governmental organizations played an active role in the security-centered process. Founded by Alexandra Tolstoy, daughter of the famous writer Leo N. Tolstoy, Tolstoy Foundation has carried out aid activities in many parts of the world since its establishment. The foundation, which was founded to help Russian refugees, has provided aid to war-affected people in many parts of the world since the Second World War. This enabled some of the refugees to immigrate to the USA. Drawing attention with the activities it carried out in Europe, Asia and South America during the Cold War years, the biggest supporter of the foundation has been the USA government. With this support, it became a part of the struggle of the USA against the USSR during the Cold War years. Molokans and Don Cossacks continued their long years of living in Turkey have decided to migrate because they can not be married. Tolstoy Foundation officials came to Turkey has tried to persuade them to emigrate to Western Bloc countries including the USA these communities. On the one hand, the USSR officials came face to face with the Tolstoy Foundation for the activities that the communities carry out to return to their homeland. In this process, the territory of Turkey has been the scene of a feud in the shadow of the Cold War. Some of the communities migrated to the USA after the work of the Tolstoy Foundation. Foundation acted in partnership with US official institutions in these activities.

Keywords

The Tolstoy Foundation, USA, Turkey, USSR, Molokans, Don Cossacks

Tolstoy Vakfı ve Türkiye’deki Faaliyetleri

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Tolstoy Vakfı ve Türkiye’deki faaliyetleri ele alınmaktadır. Vakıf yürüttüğü faaliyetler nedeniyle Soğuk Savaş’ın hemen başında ABD ile SSCB ilişkilerinin kırılmasında rol oynamıştır. Soğuk Savaş sürecinde etkin rol üstlenen vakıf, sivil toplum kuruluşlarının güvenlik merkezli süreçte nasıl etkin rol üstlendiğini göstermektedir. Ünlü yazar Lev N. Tolstoy’un kızı Aleksandra Tolstoy tarafından kurulan Tolstoy Vakfı, kuruluşundan itibaren dünyanın birçok yerinde yardım faaliyetleri yürütmüştür. Kuruluş amacı Rus mültecilere yardım etmek olan vakıf, İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan itibaren dünyanın birçok yerinde savaştan etkilenmiş insanlara yardım sağlamıştır. Bu mültecilerin bir kısmının ABD’ye gitmesini sağlamıştır. Soğuk Savaş yıllarında Avrupa’da, Asya’da ve Güney Amerika’da yürüttüğü faaliyetler ile dikkat çeken vakfın bu süreçte en büyük destekçisi ABD hükümeti olmuştur. Bu destek ile Soğuk Savaş yıllarında ABD’nin SSCB karşısında yürüttüğü mücadelenin bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Türkiye’de uzun yıllardır yaşamlarını sürdüren Malakanlar ve Don Kazakları evlenememelerinden ötürü göç etmeye karar vermişlerdi. Bu karar sonrasında Tolstoy Vakfı yetkilileri Türkiye’ye gelerek bu toplulukları başta ABD olmak üzere Batı Bloku ülkelerine gitmeleri için ikna etmeye çalışmıştır. Bir taraftan da SSCB yetkilileri toplulukların anavatanlarına dönmeleri için sürdürdükleri faaliyetler nedeniyle Tolstoy Vakfı ile karşı karşıya gelmişlerdir. Bu süreçte Türkiye toprakları Soğuk Savaş’ın gölgesinde bir çekişmeye sahne olmuştur. Tolstoy Vakfı’nın çalışmaları sonrasında toplulukların bir kısmı ABD’ye gitmiştir. Vakfı bu faaliyetlerinde ABD resmi kurumlarıyla ortak hareket etmiştir.

Keywords

Tolstoy Vakfı, ABD, Türkiye, SSCB, Malakanlar, Don Kazakları

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