Kompozit Rezinlerin Mekanik Özelliklerinin Değerlendirilmesine Yönelik İn-Vitro Test Yöntemleri
Year 2024,
Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 550 - 561, 24.09.2024
Naz Bayar
,
Merve Nezir
,
Suat Özcan
Abstract
Klinik uygulamalarda, doğru kompozit rezin restoratif materyalin seçimi mevcut seçeneklerin fazla sayıda olması nedeniyle zor olabilmektedir. Bu materyallerin mekanik özellikleri, ağız ortamındaki ömürleri üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Materyal bileşimindeki modifikasyonların etkilerini analiz etmek için uygulanan laboratuvar deneylerinin performansı, klinisyenlerin en uygun materyal hakkında daha bilinçli karar vermelerine yardımcı olabilmektedir. Bu derlemede kompozit rezin restoratif materyallerin mekanik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesinde kullanılan test yöntemleri incelenmektedir.
References
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- McCabe JF, Walls AWG. Applied dental materials. John Wiley & Sons; 2013.
- Ilie N, Bauer H, Draenert M, Hickel R. Resin-based composite light-cured properties assessed by laboratory standards and simulated clinical conditions. Oper Dent 2013;38:159–67.
- Brien WJO. Dental Materials and Their Selection (3rd edition). British Dental Journal; 2002.
- Zeng K, Odén A, Rowcliffe D. Flexure tests on dental ceramics. Int J Prosthodont 1996;9:434-9.
- Hammant B. The use of 4-point loading tests to determine mechanical properties. Composites 1971;2:246–9.
- Chitchumnong P, Brooks SC, Stafford GD. Comparison of three- and four-point flexural strength testing of denture-base polymers. Dent Mater 1989;5:2–5.
- Ban S, Hasegawa J, Anusavice KJ. Effect of loading conditions on bi-axial flexure strength of dental cements. Dent Mater 1992;8:100–4.
- Ban S, Anusavice KJ. Influence of test method on failure stress of brittle dental materials. J Dent Res 1990;69:1791–9.
- Kirstein AF, Woolley RM. Symmetrical bending of thin circular elastic plates on equally spaced point supports. J Res Natl Bur Stand C 1967;71:1–10.
- Sakaguchi RL, Powers JM. Craig’s restorative dental materials-e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2011.
- Jepson NJA, McCabe JF, Storer R. Age changes in the viscoelasticity of permanent soft lining materials. J Dent 1993;21:171–8.
- ISO EN. Metallic Materials–Vickers Hardness Test–Part 1: Test Method; 2006.
- Wang L, D’Alpino PHP, Lopes LG, Pereira JC. Mechanical properties of dental restorative materials: relative contribution of laboratory tests. J Appl Oral Sci 2003;11:162–7.
- Dietschi D, Marret N, Krejci I. Comparative efficiency of plasma and halogen light sources on composite micro-hardness in different curing conditions. Dent Mater 2003;19:493–500.
- Turkun LS, Turkun M. The effect of one-step polishing system on the surface roughness of three esthetic resin composite materials. Oper Dent 2004;29:203–11.
- Kakaboura A, Fragouli M, Rahiotis C, Silikas N. Evaluation of surface characteristics of dental composites using profilometry, scanning electron, atomic force microscopy and gloss-meter. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2007;18:155-63.
- Goldstein GR, Barnhard BR, Penugonda B. Profilometer, SEM, and visual assessment of porcelain polishing methods. J Prosthet Dent 1991;65:627-34.
- Sorozini M, dos Reis Perez C, Rocha GM. Enamel sample preparation for AFM: influence on roughness and morphology. Microsc Res Tech 2018;81:1071-6.
- Joniot S, Salomon JP, Dejou J, Grégoire G. Use of two surface analyzers to evaluate the surface roughness of four esthetic restorative materials after polishing. Oper Dent 2006;31:39–46.
- Jung M, Voit S, Klimek J. Surface geometry of three packable and one hybrid composite after finishing. Oper Dent 2003;28:53–9.
- Gadegaard N. Atomic force microscopy in biology: technology and techniques. Biotech Histochem 2006;81:87–97.
- Hammad IA, Talic YF. Designs of bond strength tests for metal-ceramic complexes: review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent 1996;75:602–8.
- Elmas MS, Başaran EG, İzgi AD. Bonding strength test methods in dentistry. J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni 2021;31:283–8.
- Van Noort R. Introduction to dental materials. Edinburg, London, New York. Oxford, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Sydney, Toronto: Mosby Elsevier; 2007.
- Sirisha K, Rambabu T, Ravishankar Y, Ravikumar P. Validity of bond strength tests: A critical review-Part II. J Conserv Dent 2014;17:420-6.
- Orhan AI, Tulga-Öz F. Frequently using bond strength test methods: a systematic review. Turkiye Klin J Dent Sci-Special Top 2011;2:31–40.
- Sano H, Shono T, Sonoda H, Takatsu T, Ciucchi B, Carvalho R, et al. Relationship between surface area for adhesion and tensile bond strength—evaluation of a micro-tensile bond test. Dent Mater 1994;10:236–40.
- Scherrer SS, Cesar PF, Swain M V. Direct comparison of the bond strength results of the different test methods: a critical literature review. Dent Mater 2010;26:e78–93.
- Aggarwal V, Singla M, Miglani S, Kohli S. Effect of different root canal obturating materials on push‐out bond strength of a fiber dowel. J Prosthodont Implant Esthet Reconstr Dent 2012;21:389–92.
- Lee B-S, Hsieh T-T, Chi DC-H, Lan W-H, Lin C-P. The role of organic tissue on the punch shear strength of human dentin. J Dent 2004;32:101–7.
- Bona A Della, Anusavice KJ, Hood JAA. Effect of ceramic surface treatment on tensile bond strength to a resin cement. Int J Prosthodont 2002;15:248-53.
- Shimada Y, Kikushima D, Tagami J. Micro-shear bond strength of resin-bonding systems to cervical enamel. Am J Dent 2002;15:373–7.
- Douglas RD. Color stability of new-generation indirect resins for prosthodontic application. J Prosthet Dent 2000;83:166–70.
- De Munck J de, Van Landuyt K, Peumans M, Poitevin A, Lambrechts P, Braem M, et al. A critical review of the durability of adhesion to tooth tissue: methods and results. J Dent Res 2005;84:118–32.
- Deng D, Yang H, Guo J, Chen X, Zhang W, Huang C. Effects of different artificial ageing methods on the degradation of adhesive–dentine interfaces. J Dent 2014;42:1577–85.
- Gale MS, Darvell BW. Thermal cycling procedures for laboratory testing of dental restorations. J Dent 1999;27:89-99.
- Attin T, Koidl U, Buchalla W, Schaller HG, Kielbassa AM, Hellwig E. Correlation of microhardness and wear in differently eroded bovine dental enamel. Arch Oral Biol 1997;42:243–50.
- Eisenburger M, Shellis RP, Addy M. Comparative study of wear of enamel induced by alternating and simultaneous combinations of abrasion and erosion in vitro. Caries Res 2003;37:450–5.
- DeLong R, Douglas WH. An artificial oral environment for testing dental materials. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1991;38:339–45.
- Lee A, He LH, Lyons K, Swain M V. Tooth wear and wear investigations in dentistry. J Oral Rehabil 2012;39:217–25.
- Roulet JF. Degradation of dental polymers. Vol. 12. Karger Basel; 1987.
- Cerman J, Špatenka P, Mašková A, Skarolek A. Comparison of mechanical properties of hard and wear resistant films on forms for polymer processing. Czechoslov J Phys [Internet] 2006;56:B1140–5. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10582-006-0340-y
- Kurland NE, Drira Z, Yadavalli VK. Measurement of nanomechanical properties of biomolecules using atomic force microscopy. Micron 2012;43:116–28.
- Karimzadeh A, Ayatollahi MR. Mechanical properties of biomaterials determined by nano-indentation and nano-scratch tests. In: Nanomechanical Analysis of High Performance Materials. Springer; 2013. p. 189–207.
- Inernational A. Standard test methods for plane-strain fracture toughness and strain energy release rate of plastic materials. ASTM D5045-99; 2007
- Standard B. Plastic–determination of fracture toughness (GIC and KIC)–linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) approach. British Standard International Standard Organisation, International Standard; 2000.
- Salem J, Quinn G, Jenkins M. Measuring the real fracture toughness of ceramics: ASTM C 1421. InFracture Mechanics of Ceramics: Active Materials, Nanoscale Materials, Composites, Glass and Fundamentals 2005 (pp. 531-553). Springer US.
- Fujishima A, Ferracane JL. Comparison of four modes of fracture toughness testing for dental composites. Dent Mater 1996;12:38–43.
- Combe EC, Burke FJ. Contemporary resin-based composite materials for direct placement restorations: packables, flowables and others. Dent Update 2000;27:326–32.
In-vitro Testing Methods For The Evaluation Of The Mechanical Properties Of Composite Resins
Year 2024,
Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 550 - 561, 24.09.2024
Naz Bayar
,
Merve Nezir
,
Suat Özcan
Abstract
The selection of the right composite resin restorative material for clinical applications can be difficult, due to the wide range of available options. The mechanical properties of these materials have a significant impact on their longevity in the oral environment. Results from laboratory experiments that analyze the effects of compositional modifications can assist clinicians in making a more informed decision about the choice of the most appropriate material. This review examines the testing methods used to evaluate the mechanical properties of composite resin restorative materials.
References
- Zafar MS. A comparison of dental restorative materials and mineralized dental tissues for surface nanomechanical properties. Life Sci J 2014;11:19–24.
- McCabe JF, Walls AWG. Applied dental materials. John Wiley & Sons; 2013.
- Ilie N, Bauer H, Draenert M, Hickel R. Resin-based composite light-cured properties assessed by laboratory standards and simulated clinical conditions. Oper Dent 2013;38:159–67.
- Brien WJO. Dental Materials and Their Selection (3rd edition). British Dental Journal; 2002.
- Zeng K, Odén A, Rowcliffe D. Flexure tests on dental ceramics. Int J Prosthodont 1996;9:434-9.
- Hammant B. The use of 4-point loading tests to determine mechanical properties. Composites 1971;2:246–9.
- Chitchumnong P, Brooks SC, Stafford GD. Comparison of three- and four-point flexural strength testing of denture-base polymers. Dent Mater 1989;5:2–5.
- Ban S, Hasegawa J, Anusavice KJ. Effect of loading conditions on bi-axial flexure strength of dental cements. Dent Mater 1992;8:100–4.
- Ban S, Anusavice KJ. Influence of test method on failure stress of brittle dental materials. J Dent Res 1990;69:1791–9.
- Kirstein AF, Woolley RM. Symmetrical bending of thin circular elastic plates on equally spaced point supports. J Res Natl Bur Stand C 1967;71:1–10.
- Sakaguchi RL, Powers JM. Craig’s restorative dental materials-e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2011.
- Jepson NJA, McCabe JF, Storer R. Age changes in the viscoelasticity of permanent soft lining materials. J Dent 1993;21:171–8.
- ISO EN. Metallic Materials–Vickers Hardness Test–Part 1: Test Method; 2006.
- Wang L, D’Alpino PHP, Lopes LG, Pereira JC. Mechanical properties of dental restorative materials: relative contribution of laboratory tests. J Appl Oral Sci 2003;11:162–7.
- Dietschi D, Marret N, Krejci I. Comparative efficiency of plasma and halogen light sources on composite micro-hardness in different curing conditions. Dent Mater 2003;19:493–500.
- Turkun LS, Turkun M. The effect of one-step polishing system on the surface roughness of three esthetic resin composite materials. Oper Dent 2004;29:203–11.
- Kakaboura A, Fragouli M, Rahiotis C, Silikas N. Evaluation of surface characteristics of dental composites using profilometry, scanning electron, atomic force microscopy and gloss-meter. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2007;18:155-63.
- Goldstein GR, Barnhard BR, Penugonda B. Profilometer, SEM, and visual assessment of porcelain polishing methods. J Prosthet Dent 1991;65:627-34.
- Sorozini M, dos Reis Perez C, Rocha GM. Enamel sample preparation for AFM: influence on roughness and morphology. Microsc Res Tech 2018;81:1071-6.
- Joniot S, Salomon JP, Dejou J, Grégoire G. Use of two surface analyzers to evaluate the surface roughness of four esthetic restorative materials after polishing. Oper Dent 2006;31:39–46.
- Jung M, Voit S, Klimek J. Surface geometry of three packable and one hybrid composite after finishing. Oper Dent 2003;28:53–9.
- Gadegaard N. Atomic force microscopy in biology: technology and techniques. Biotech Histochem 2006;81:87–97.
- Hammad IA, Talic YF. Designs of bond strength tests for metal-ceramic complexes: review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent 1996;75:602–8.
- Elmas MS, Başaran EG, İzgi AD. Bonding strength test methods in dentistry. J Dent Fac Atatürk Uni 2021;31:283–8.
- Van Noort R. Introduction to dental materials. Edinburg, London, New York. Oxford, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Sydney, Toronto: Mosby Elsevier; 2007.
- Sirisha K, Rambabu T, Ravishankar Y, Ravikumar P. Validity of bond strength tests: A critical review-Part II. J Conserv Dent 2014;17:420-6.
- Orhan AI, Tulga-Öz F. Frequently using bond strength test methods: a systematic review. Turkiye Klin J Dent Sci-Special Top 2011;2:31–40.
- Sano H, Shono T, Sonoda H, Takatsu T, Ciucchi B, Carvalho R, et al. Relationship between surface area for adhesion and tensile bond strength—evaluation of a micro-tensile bond test. Dent Mater 1994;10:236–40.
- Scherrer SS, Cesar PF, Swain M V. Direct comparison of the bond strength results of the different test methods: a critical literature review. Dent Mater 2010;26:e78–93.
- Aggarwal V, Singla M, Miglani S, Kohli S. Effect of different root canal obturating materials on push‐out bond strength of a fiber dowel. J Prosthodont Implant Esthet Reconstr Dent 2012;21:389–92.
- Lee B-S, Hsieh T-T, Chi DC-H, Lan W-H, Lin C-P. The role of organic tissue on the punch shear strength of human dentin. J Dent 2004;32:101–7.
- Bona A Della, Anusavice KJ, Hood JAA. Effect of ceramic surface treatment on tensile bond strength to a resin cement. Int J Prosthodont 2002;15:248-53.
- Shimada Y, Kikushima D, Tagami J. Micro-shear bond strength of resin-bonding systems to cervical enamel. Am J Dent 2002;15:373–7.
- Douglas RD. Color stability of new-generation indirect resins for prosthodontic application. J Prosthet Dent 2000;83:166–70.
- De Munck J de, Van Landuyt K, Peumans M, Poitevin A, Lambrechts P, Braem M, et al. A critical review of the durability of adhesion to tooth tissue: methods and results. J Dent Res 2005;84:118–32.
- Deng D, Yang H, Guo J, Chen X, Zhang W, Huang C. Effects of different artificial ageing methods on the degradation of adhesive–dentine interfaces. J Dent 2014;42:1577–85.
- Gale MS, Darvell BW. Thermal cycling procedures for laboratory testing of dental restorations. J Dent 1999;27:89-99.
- Attin T, Koidl U, Buchalla W, Schaller HG, Kielbassa AM, Hellwig E. Correlation of microhardness and wear in differently eroded bovine dental enamel. Arch Oral Biol 1997;42:243–50.
- Eisenburger M, Shellis RP, Addy M. Comparative study of wear of enamel induced by alternating and simultaneous combinations of abrasion and erosion in vitro. Caries Res 2003;37:450–5.
- DeLong R, Douglas WH. An artificial oral environment for testing dental materials. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1991;38:339–45.
- Lee A, He LH, Lyons K, Swain M V. Tooth wear and wear investigations in dentistry. J Oral Rehabil 2012;39:217–25.
- Roulet JF. Degradation of dental polymers. Vol. 12. Karger Basel; 1987.
- Cerman J, Špatenka P, Mašková A, Skarolek A. Comparison of mechanical properties of hard and wear resistant films on forms for polymer processing. Czechoslov J Phys [Internet] 2006;56:B1140–5. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10582-006-0340-y
- Kurland NE, Drira Z, Yadavalli VK. Measurement of nanomechanical properties of biomolecules using atomic force microscopy. Micron 2012;43:116–28.
- Karimzadeh A, Ayatollahi MR. Mechanical properties of biomaterials determined by nano-indentation and nano-scratch tests. In: Nanomechanical Analysis of High Performance Materials. Springer; 2013. p. 189–207.
- Inernational A. Standard test methods for plane-strain fracture toughness and strain energy release rate of plastic materials. ASTM D5045-99; 2007
- Standard B. Plastic–determination of fracture toughness (GIC and KIC)–linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) approach. British Standard International Standard Organisation, International Standard; 2000.
- Salem J, Quinn G, Jenkins M. Measuring the real fracture toughness of ceramics: ASTM C 1421. InFracture Mechanics of Ceramics: Active Materials, Nanoscale Materials, Composites, Glass and Fundamentals 2005 (pp. 531-553). Springer US.
- Fujishima A, Ferracane JL. Comparison of four modes of fracture toughness testing for dental composites. Dent Mater 1996;12:38–43.
- Combe EC, Burke FJ. Contemporary resin-based composite materials for direct placement restorations: packables, flowables and others. Dent Update 2000;27:326–32.