Hard and Soft Skills Revisited: Journalism Education at the Dawn of Artificial Intelligence

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 1, 65 - 78, 28.06.2024

Emre Dinçer

https://doi.org/10.30803/adusobed.1462061

Abstract

This study examines the evolving landscape of journalism in the context of Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration and its implications for journalism education. The purpose of this article is to investigate how AI is redefining both the hard and soft skills required by journalists, necessitating an updated educational curriculum that balances technical skills with foundational journalistic values, employing a comprehensive literature review as its methodology. The importance of this research lies in its potential to guide educational institutions in preparing journalists to navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by AI in news production effectively. As AI transforms journalism by automating tasks and enhancing data analysis, it requires journalists to develop a new skill set that includes advanced data journalism capabilities and maintains the core journalistic values of ethical discernment, critical thinking, and emotional intelligence. This article advocates for a multidisciplinary curriculum that not only equips journalists with AI technical knowledge but also emphasizes ethical judgment and creativity. It concludes with a call for collaboration among educators, technologists, and industry practitioners to forge an educational environment that prepares journalists for an AI-enhanced media landscape.

Keywords

Journalism Education, Artificial Intelligence, Hard and Soft Skills

Mesleki ve Sosyal Beceriler Yeniden Değerlendiriliyor: Yapay Zekanın Şafağında Gazetecilik Eğitimi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Yapay Zeka (YZ) entegrasyonu bağlamında gazeteciliğin değişen manzarasını ve bunun gazetecilik eğitimi üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Bu makalenin amacı, yöntem olarak kapsamlı bir literatür taraması kullanarak, teknik becerileri temel gazetecilik değerleriyle dengeleyen güncellenmiş bir eğitim müfredatı gerektiren yapay zekanın gazetecilerin ihtiyaç duyduğu hem teknik hem de sosyal becerileri nasıl yeniden tanımladığını araştırmaktır. Bu araştırmanın önemi, gazetecileri haber üretiminde yapay zekanın sunduğu zorlukları ve fırsatları etkili bir şekilde ele almaya hazırlama konusunda eğitim kurumlarına rehberlik etme potansiyelinde yatmaktadır. YZ, görevleri otomatikleştirerek ve veri analizini geliştirerek gazeteciliği dönüştürürken, gazetecilerin gelişmiş veri gazeteciliği yeteneklerini içeren ve etik muhakeme, eleştirel düşünme ve duygusal zeka gibi temel gazetecilik değerlerini koruyan yeni bir beceri seti geliştirmelerini gerektirmektedir. Bu makale, gazetecileri yalnızca YZ teknik bilgisiyle donatmakla kalmayıp aynı zamanda etik muhakeme ve yaratıcılığı da vurgulayan multidisipliner bir müfredatı savunmaktadır. Makale, gazetecileri YZ ile geliştirilmiş bir medya ortamına hazırlayan bir eğitim ortamı oluşturmak için eğitimciler, teknoloji uzmanları ve endüstri uygulayıcıları arasında işbirliği çağrısı ile sona ermektedir.

Keywords

Gazetecilik Eğitimi, Yapay Zeka, Meslek ve Yaşam Becerileri

Ethical Statement

Etik izni gerektirmemektedir

References

• Baya, A. (2020). Journalism education in today’s fast-paced media environment. Professional Communication and Translation Studies, 13, 3–13.
• Bradshaw, P. (2017a). Data journalism. In The Online Journalism Handbook (pp. 250–280). Routledge.
• Bradshaw, P. (2017b). Data journalism. In The Online Journalism Handbook (pp. 250–280). Routledge.
• Broussard, M., Diakopoulos, N., Guzman, A. L., Abebe, R., Dupagne, M., & Chuan, C.-H. (2019a). Artificial Intelligence and Journalism. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 96(3), 673–695. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699019859901
• Broussard, M., Diakopoulos, N., Guzman, A. L., Abebe, R., Dupagne, M., & Chuan, C.-H. (2019b). Artificial intelligence and journalism. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 96(3), 673–695.
• Burns, L. S., & Matthews, B. J. (2018). First things first: Teaching data journalism as a core skill. Asia Pacific Media Educator, 28(1), 91–105.
• Caswell, D., & Dörr, K. (2018). Automated Journalism 2.0: Event-driven narratives: From simple descriptions to real stories. Journalism Practice, 12(4), 477–496.
• Codina, L., Iglesias García, M., Pedraza, R., & García-Carretero, L. (2016). Search engine optimization and online journalism: the SEO-WCP framework.
• Das, S., Dey, A., Pal, A., & Roy, N. (2015). Applications of artificial intelligence in machine learning: review and prospect. International Journal of Computer Applications, 115(9).
• Davenport, T. H. (2018). The AI advantage: How to put the artificial intelligence revolution to work. mit Press.
• Davenport, T. H., & Miller, S. M. (2022). Working with AI: real stories of human-machine collaboration. MIT Press.
• Dewey, A., & Drahota, A. (2016). Introduction to systematic reviews: online learning module Cochrane Training.
• Dworznik, G. (2006). Journalism and trauma: How reporters and photographers make sense of what they see. Journalism Studies, 7(4), 534–553.
• Ercan, E. E. (2018). The present and the future of journalism education. Quality & Quantity, 52(Suppl 1), 361–366.
• Escudero, C., Prola, T. A., Fraga, L., & Flores, E. S. (2023). Emotional Management in Journalism and Communication Studies. Przestrzeń Społeczna (Social Space), 23(2), 507–534.
• Fleming, C. (2006). Introduction to journalism. Sage.
• Fourie, P. J. (2011). Thinking about journalists’ thinking (Two) 1. Journal of African Media Studies, 3(3), 309–327.
• Foust, J. (2017). Online journalism: principles and practices of news for the Web. Routledge.
• Giomelakis, D., & Veglis, A. (2015). Employing search engine optimization techniques in online news. Studies in Media and Communication, 3(1), 22–33.
• Glasser, T. L., & Marken, L. (2006). Can we make journalists better? In Making journalists (pp. 280–292). Routledge.
• Henestrosa, A. L., Greving, H., & Kimmerle, J. (2023). Automated journalism: The effects of AI authorship and evaluative information on the perception of a science journalism article. Computers in Human Behavior, 138, 107445.
• Huang, M.-H., & Rust, R. T. (2018). Artificial intelligence in service. Journal of Service Research, 21(2), 155–172. Jamil, S. (2021). Artificial intelligence and journalistic practice: The crossroads of obstacles and opportunities for the Pakistani journalists. Journalism Practice, 15(10), 1400–1422.
• Jamil, S. (2023). Automated journalism and the freedom of media: Understanding legal and ethical implications in competitive authoritarian regime. Journalism Practice, 17(6), 1115–1138.
• Koliska, M. (2021). Transparency in Journalism. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication.
• Kolodzy, J. (2012). Practicing convergence journalism: an introduction to cross-media storytelling. Routledge.
• Komatsu, T., Gutierrez Lopez, M., Makri, S., Porlezza, C., Cooper, G., MacFarlane, A., & Missaoui, S. (2020). AI should embody our values: Investigating journalistic values to inform AI technology design. Proceedings of the 11th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Shaping Experiences, Shaping Society, 1–13.
• Kormelink, T. G., & Meijer, I. C. (2018). What clicks actually mean: Exploring digital news user practices. Journalism, 19(5), 668–683.
• Kõuts-Klemm, R. (2019). Data literacy among journalists: A skills-assessment based approach. Central European Journal of Communication, 12(24), 299–315.
• Larsson, A. O. (2018). The news user on social media: A comparative study of interacting with media organizations on Facebook and Instagram. Journalism Studies, 19(15), 2225–2242.
• Lecheler, S., Kruikemeier, S., de Haan, Y., Katz, J. E., & Mays, K. K. (2019). The use and verification of online sources in the news production process. Journalism and Truth in an Age of Social Media, 167.
• Loon, M. (2021). Practices for learning in early careers. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 20(2), 182–202.
• Mačerauskienė, N. (2020). Building a culture of creative thinking in business studies. SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference, 2, 15–27.
• Maiden, N., Zachos, K., Brown, A., Brock, G., Nyre, L., Nygård Tonheim, A., Apsotolou, D., & Evans, J. (2018). Making the news: Digital creativity support for journalists. Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1–11.
• Marconi, F. (2020). Newsmakers: Artificial intelligence and the future of journalism. Columbia University Press.
• Mayer, J. D., & Salovey, P. (1995). Emotional intelligence and the construction and regulation of feelings. Applied and Preventive Psychology, 4(3), 197–208.
• McGregor, S. E., Charters, P., Holliday, T., & Roesner, F. (2015). Investigating the computer security practices and needs of journalists. 24th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 15), 399–414.
• Mellado, C., & Alfaro, A. (2020). Platforms, journalists and their digital selves. Digital Journalism, 8(10), 1258–1279.
• Mikalef, P., Giannakos, M. N., Pappas, I. O., & Krogstie, J. (2018). The human side of big data: Understanding the skills of the data scientist in education and industry. 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 503–512.
• Miroshnichenko, A. (2018a). AI to bypass creativity. Will robots replace journalists?(The answer is “yes”). Information, 9(7), 183.
• Miroshnichenko, A. (2018b). AI to bypass creativity. Will robots replace journalists?(The answer is “yes”). Information, 9(7), 183.
• Muñoz-Torres, J. R. (2012). Truth and objectivity in journalism: Anatomy of an endless misunderstanding. Journalism Studies, 13(4), 566–582.
• Osborne, N. S. (2022). Communicating Climate Change: An Examination of Narrative Intuition, Transmedia Acumen, and Emotional Intelligence in the Presentation of the Transmedia Emotional Engagement Storytelling (TREES) Model.
• Picard, R. G. (2015). Journalists’ perceptions of the future of journalistic work. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, 2011–2017.
• Reeves, A. (2005). Emotional intelligence: recognizing and regulating emotions. Aaohn Journal, 53(4), 172–176. Roselli, D., Matthews, J., & Talagala, N. (2019). Managing bias in AI. Companion Proceedings of the 2019 World Wide Web Conference, 539–544.
• Rouhiainen, L. (2018). Artificial Intelligence: 101 things you must know today about our future. Lasse Rouhiainen.
• Saadia, H., & Naveed, M. A. (2023). Effect of information literacy on lifelong learning, creativity, and work performance among journalists. Online Information Review.
• Seldon, A., Abidoye, O., & Metcalf, T. (2020). The Fourth Education Revolution Reconsidered: Will Artificial Intelligence Enrich Or Diminish Humanity? Legend Press Ltd.
• Simon, F. M. (2024). Artificial Intelligence in the News: How AI Retools, Rationalizes, and Reshapes Journalism and the Public Arena.
• Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339.
• Song, I., & Zhu, Y. (2016). Big data and data science: what should we teach? Expert Systems, 33(4), 364–373. Stray, J. (2021). Making artificial intelligence work for investigative journalism. Algorithms, Automation, and News, 97–118.
• Türksoy, N. (2022). The Future of Public Relations, Advertising and Journalism: How Artificial Intelligence May Transform the Communication Profession and Why Society Should Care? Türkiye İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 40, 394–410.
• Van Dalen, A. (2012). The algorithms behind the headlines: How machine-written news redefines the core skills of human journalists. Journalism Practice, 6(5–6), 648–658.
• Van de Poel, I., & Royakkers, L. (2023). Ethics, technology, and engineering: An introduction. John Wiley & Sons.
• Watson, J. S. (1998). “If you don’t have it, you can’t find it.” A close look at students’ perceptions of using technology. Journal of the American Society for Information Science, 49(11), 1024–1036.
• Williamson, K., Qayyum, A., Hider, P., & Liu, Y.-H. (2012). Young adults and everyday-life information: The role of news media. Library & Information Science Research, 34(4), 258–264.
• Yu, Y., & Huang, K. (2021). Friend or foe? Human journalists’ perspectives on artificial intelligence in Chinese media outlets. Chinese Journal of Communication, 14(4), 409–429.
• Zweig, K. A. (2022). Awkward Intelligence: Where AI Goes Wrong, why it Matters, and what We Can Do about it. MIT Press.