The Usage of Native Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in Drought Areas and Low–Input Crop Production Systems

Year 2017, Volume: 14 Issue: 2, 69 - 73, 31.12.2017

Bülent Budak , Mohammad Ali Khalvati Şükrü Sezgi Özkan

https://doi.org/10.25308/aduziraat.323026

Cited By: 2

Abstract

With increasing interest in the development of sustainable agriculture in semi–aird regions, low input land use systems are enhanced to be considered as an option on low production site. Amount of soil losses, erosion is an environmental disaster in marginal lands throughout the world. Greatly efficient rhizosphere microorganisms like VAM (vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal) are of highly importance for sustainable agriculture. They could supply unavailable soil nutrients and create formation of micro aggregates. Also they chemically enmesh and stabilize micro aggregates and smaller macro aggregates into macro aggregate structures. The majority of agricultural activities in Turkey are exposure to nutrient deficiency and soil erosion. Progressing of this problem is in relationship with poor cover of low–input sites with vegetation at drought conditions. Our goal was to apply VAM for low–input vegetation in terms of improving soil nutrients supply and protect soil structure stability. Trap cultures provide a non–molecular approach to baiting cryptic species of VAM present in plant communities. Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in selected habitats using trap culture methodology. In trap culture, we will study the rate of root colonization by VAM as highest and lowest inocula or capability of selected VAM species to symbiosis with other soil bacterial species to nutrients supply and soil aggregation in low–input sites. Based on this situation, it is purpose of this study to combination of classical and molecular methods in order of elucidate VAM species with important soil nutrition and structure stability.

Keywords

mycorrhiza, biofertiliser, low–input agricultural system, soil

Arbusküler Mikorizal Mantarların Kurak Bölgelerde ve Düşük Girdili Bitkisel Üretim Sistemlerinde Kullanımı

Abstract

Yarı kurak alanların kullanımı ve sürdürülebilir tarım uygulamalarının geliştirilmesine son dönemlerde yaygın olarak çalışılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda; düşük girdili zirai alanların geliştirilmesi kısıtlı alanlarda zirai üretim yapılabilmesi için uygun bir seçenek haline gelmektedir. Kaybedilen toprak alanlarının, erozyonun değişik karakteristik özelliklere sahip topraklar dahil olmak üzere dünyanın her yerinde rastlanabilen bir çevre felaketlerinden biri olduğu aşikardır. Sürdürülebilir tarım uygulamaları için; veziküler arbusküler mikorizal mantarları (VAM) gibi oldukça verimli olan rizosfer mikroorganizmaları önem arz etmektedir. Bu mikroorganizmalar bitkilerin bünyelerine alamayacak oldukları topraktaki besin maddelerini bitkilerin kullanabileceği mikroagregatların oluşmasını sağlamaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra kimyasal olarak makroagregatların parçalanmasını sağlayarak, yeni oluşan yapıda stabilize edebilmektedir. Türkiye’de otlaklar ve zirai alanların çoğu besin maddeleri bakımından yetersiz ve/veya erozyona maruz kalmaktadır. Düşük girdili alanların yetersiz bitki örtüsü ve kuraklık koşulları arasındaki ilişki ile bu sorunlar zamanla artmaktadır. Amacımız, bu kapsamda veziküler arbusküler mikorizal mantarların düşük girdili sistemlerde uygulanması ve toprak besin maddelerinin zirai amaçla daha etkili kullanılması, ayrıca kuraklık koşulları altında toprak yapısını korumak ve araziyi stabil hale getirerek sürdürülebilir tarım yapılmasına olanak sağlamaktır. Seçilen habitatta arbusküler mikorizal mantarların çeşitliliği kültürlerin ayrılması metodu ile belirlenmiştir. Bu yöntemde, düşük ve yüksek dozdaki aşılamada mikorizal mantarların bitki köklerinde oluşturdukları koloni yüzdeleri kıyaslanarak mikorizal mantarların simbiyoz kapasiteleri, diğer toprak mikroorganizmaları ile etkileşimleri değerlendirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, bu çalışmanın amacı klasik zirai yöntemler ile moleküler metodların entregrasyonunun, toprak besinlerinin etkili kullanılması ve toprak yapısının korunmasında veziküler arbusküler mikorizal mantarların etkisi ve önemini ortaya koymaktır.

Keywords

düşük girdili zirai sistem, mikoriza, biyogübre, toprak

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