Biyokömür; Tanımı, Kullanımı ve Tarım Topraklarındaki Etkileri

Year 2018, Volume: 15 Issue: 2, 87 - 93, 31.12.2018

Elif Günal , Halil Erdem

https://doi.org/10.25308/aduziraat.405858

Cited By: 2

Abstract

Biyokütlenin oksijenin sınırlı olduğu bir ortamda termo-kimyasal dönüşümü işlemi ile elde edilen karbon (C)
bakımından zengin katı materyaller biyokömür olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Biyokömürün toprak verimliliği ve bitki gelişimi
üzerine etkisi, biyokömürün ve uygulanan toprağın özellikleri, uygulama dozu ve uygulanan ürünün isteklerinin karşılıklı
etkileşimleri tarafından belirlenmektedir. Ancak, biyokömürün yüksek pH’sı, gözenekli yapısı ve yüksek yüzey yükü nedeni ile
toprağın fiziksel, kimyasal ve biyolojik özellikleri üzerine doğrudan veya dolaylı yollarla etki ettiğini rapor eden çok sayıda
araştırma yayınlanmıştır. Bunlara ilaveten biyokömürün yüksek yük yoğunluğu ve yüzey alanı ile fitotoksik organik
molekülleri adsorbe edebilmesi ve toprak kökenli patojenleri baskılaması da bitkisel üretimdeki olumlu etkileri arasında
sayılabilir. Bu derlemede, biyokömürün tarım arazilerindeki kullanımını özellikle de toprak verimliliği ve ürün verimini konu
eden 51 adet araştırmanın dikkate değer bulguları özetlenerek karşılaştırılmış ve tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

biyokömür, toprak verimliliği, besin elementi, bitki hastalığı, kireçleme etkisi

Biochar; Definition, Utilization and Effects on Agricultural Soils

Abstract

Carbon rich solid materials produced by thermo-chemical conversion of biomass in an oxygen limited environment is defined as biochar. The
impact of biodiversity on soil fertility and plant growth is determined by the interactions among characteristics of biochars and amended soil,
application rate and requirements of crops grown. However, many reports have been published indicating that biochar can directly or indirectly
influence physical, chemical and biological properties of soils due to high pH, porous structure and large surface charge. Ability to adsorb phytotoxic
organic molecules with its high surface charge and surface area and to suppress soil-borne pathogens can be considered as positive effects of biochar
on plant production. In this review, remarkable findings of 50 studies conducted on investigating the biochar use on agricultural fields particularly
effects on soil fertility and crop productivity have been summarized, compared and discussed.

Keywords

biochar, soil fertility, nutrient efficiency, plant disease, liming effect

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