Farklı Sıra Aralığında Yetiştirilen Kinoa çeşitlerinin Silaj Kalite Özellikleri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 1, 45 - 51, 30.06.2024

Bilal Keskin , Abdurrahman Duman

https://doi.org/10.25308/aduziraat.1424102

Öz

Değişen iklim koşulları, tarım arazilerinin çoraklaşması, niteliklerini kaybetmesi ve yem kaynaklarının azalması alternatif yem kaynakları arayışına sürüklemiştir. Kinoa (Chenepodium quinoa Willd.) kurak, tuzlu ve soğuk şartlara dayanıklı bir bitki olması nedeniyle alternatif yem kaynağı olarak önemi artmaktadır. Hayvanlar için önemli bir yem kaynağı olan silaj için de kinoa bitkisi alternatif silaj bitkisi olarak düşünülebilir. Bu çalışmada Cherry Vanilla ve Read Head kinoa çeşitlerinin 4 farklı sıra aralığı mesafede (17.5, 35.0, 52.5, 70.0 cm) ekilmesinin silaj kalitesi üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada kinoa silajının pH, kuru madde oranı, fleig puanı, amonyak üretimi, duyusal analizler, laktik asit, asetik asit, propiyonik asit, bütirik asit içerikleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda sıra aralığı mesafesinin, kuru madde oranı, amonyak üretimi, duyusal analizler, laktik asit, asetik asit, propiyonik asit ve bütirik asit oranları üzerine etkisi önemli bulunurken, pH değeri üzerine etkisi önemsiz olmuştur. Araştırmada kullanılan kinoa çeşitlerinin kuru madde oranı, propiyonik asit içeriği üzerine önemli etkisi olmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen sonuçlar ışığında kaliteli bir kinoa silaj elde etmek için bitkilerin 52.5 cm sıra aralığında ekilmesi Cherry Vanilla çeşidinin tercih edilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kinoa, sıra aralığı, silaj, kalite, organik asit, laktik asit

Etik Beyan

Etik gerektirmeyen bir makaledir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Iğdır Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Teşekkür

This research was carried out with the support of Iğdır University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit as project number 2020-FBE-A04.

Silage Quality Characteristics of Quinoa Varieties Grown in Different Row Spacings

Öz

Changing climatic conditions, agricultural lands becoming barren, losing their qualities and decreasing feed resources have led to the search for alternative feed resources. Quinoa (Chenepodium quinoa Willd.) is increasing in importance as an alternative feed source because it is a plant resistant to arid, salty and cold conditions. Quinoa plant can be considered as an alternative plant for silage, which is an important feed source for animals. In this study, the effects of sowing Cherry Vanilla and Read Head quinoa varieties at 4 different row spacings (17.5, 35.0, 52.5, 70.0 cm) on silage quality were investigated. In the research, pH, dry matter ratio, fleig score, ammonia production, sensory analyses, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid contents of quinoa silage were determined. While the effect of row spacing on dry matter ratio, ammonia production, sensory analysis, lactic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid ratios was found to be significant, its effect on pH value was insignificant. The quinoa varieties used in the research had a significant effect on the dry matter ratio and propionic acid content. In the light of the results obtained from the research, it was concluded that in order to obtain a quality quinoa silage, the plants should be sown in 52.5 cm row spacing and the Cherry Vanilla variety should be preferred.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Quinoa, row spacing, silage, quality, organic acid, lactic acid

Kaynakça

• AOAC, (1990). Official methods of analysis association of official analytical chemists.125 p. Arlington, VA, USA
• De Baere S, Eeckhaut V, Steppe M, De Maesschalck C, De Backer P, Van Immerseel F, Croubels S (2013). Development of a HPLC–UV method for the quantitative determination of four short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid produced by intestinal bacteria during in vitro fermentation. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 80: 107–115.
• Dong Z, Li J, Wang S, Zhao J, Dong D, Shao T (2022). Influence of various additives on the fermentation quality and bacterial community of high-moisture whole-plant quinoa silage. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1231549/v1
• Fang, D., Dong, Z., Wang, D., Li, B., Shi, P., Zhuang, D., Shao, T., Wang, W. & Gu, M. (2022). Evaluating the fermentation quality and bacterial community of high-moisture whole-plant quinoa silage ensiled with different additives. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 132(5), 3578-3589, https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.15506.
• Filya İ (2001). Silage Fermentation. Atatürk University Journal of Agricultural Faculty, 32 (1): 87-93.
• Geerts S, Raes D, Garcia M, Taboada C, Miranda R. Cusicanqui J, Mhizhac T, Vacher J (2009). Modeling the potential for closing quinoa yield gaps under varying water availability in the Bolivian Altiplano. Agricultural Water Management, 96(11): 1652-1658.
• Güner Z, Temel S (2022). Determination of the silage quality of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) varieties grown with different row spacing under dry conditions. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 12 (4): 2506 – 2519.
• Huhtanen P, Rinne M, Nousiainen J (2007). Evaluation of the factors affecting silage intake of dairy cows: a revision of the relative silage dry-matter intake index. Animal, 1(5): 758-770.
• Jacobsen SE (2003). The worldwide potential for quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Food Reviews International, 19 (1–2): 167-177.
• Jacobsen SE, Monteros C, Christiansen JL, Bravo LA, Corcuera LJ, Mujica A (2005). Plant responses of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) to frost at various phenological stages. European Journal of Agronomy, 22: 131-139.
• Keskin B, Temel S, Tohumcu SA (2023). Determination of forage yield performance of different Chenopodium quinoa cultivars in saline conditions. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 110 (2): 149–156. DOI 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.018. Kılıç A (1986). Silo yemi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Zootekni Bölümü, Bilgehan Basımevi, Bornova-İzmir, 327s.
• Mcdonald P, Henderson AR, Heron SJE (1991). The Biochemistry of silage. Second Edition, Chalcombe Publ., Marlow, UK. pp. 1-340.
• Menke KH, Huss W (1975). Tierernahrung und futtermittelkunde. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart. pp. 74-79.
• Önkür H, Keskin B (2019a). The effects of row spacing and intra-row spacing distance on seed yield and some plant properties of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Journal of Agriculture and Nature, 22 (Suppl 1): 51-59. DOI:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.536580.
• Önkür H, Keskin B (2019b). The Effect of different row spacing and intra-row spacing on some feed quality characteristics of seeds and stems of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Umteb 6th International Vocational and Technical Sciences Congress (Turkish: Umteb 6. Uluslararası Mesleki ve Teknik Bilimler Kongresi), 11-12 April 2019 Iğdır-Türkiye, İksad Publications, ISBN – 978-605-7875-36-5, pp: 271-278.
• Pulvento C, Riccardi M, Lavini A, Iafelice G, Marconi E, d’Andria R (2012). Yield and quality characteristics of quinoa grown in open field under different saline and non-saline irrigation regimes. Journal Agronomy and Crop Science, 198: 254-263.
• Podkòwka Z, Gesiński K, Podkòwka L (2018). The influence of additives facilitating ensiling on the quality of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) silage. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 19 (3): 607-614.
• Razzaghi F (2011). Acclimatization and agronomic performance of quinoa exposed to salinity, drought and soil-related abiotic stresses. Ph.D. Thesis. Department of Agroecology Science and Technology. Aarhus University. pp: 1-124.
• Rezzouk FZ, Shahid MA, Elouafi IA, Zhou B, Araus J., Serret MD (2020). Agronomic performance of irrigated quinoa in desert areas: Comparing different approaches for early assessment of salinity stress. Agricultural Water Management, 240 (106205): 1-15.
• Salama, R., Yacout, M. H., Elgzar, M. I. T. & Awad, A. A. (2021). Nutrıtional evaluation of quınoa (Chenopodıum quınoa Wılld) crop as unconventional forage resource in feeding rumınants. Egyptian Journal Nutrition and Feeds, 24(1), 77-84, https://doi.org/10.21608/ejnf.2021.170306.
• Tan M, Temel S (2019). Her yönüyle kinoa önemi, kullanılması ve yetiştiriciliği. Iksad Publishing House, ISBN: 978-605-7875-88-4.
• Tan M, Yöndem Z (2013). A new crop for human and animal nutrition: quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science, 25 (2): 62-66.
• Temel S, Keskin B (2022a). Determination of forage quality properties of plant parts in different amaranth varieties cultivated under irrigated and rainfed conditions. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 53 (2): 122-132.
• Temel I, Keskin B (2019a). The effects of different row spacing and intra-row spacing on hay yield and some yield components of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 9 (1): 522-532. DOI:10.21597/jist.480917.
• Temel I, Keskin B (2019b). The effects on nutrient content of quinoa (chenopodium quinoa willd.) of different row spacing and intra-row spacing. International Journal of Agriculture and Wildlife Science, 5 (1): 110-116. DOI: 10.24180/ijaws.486327.
• Temel S, Keskin B (2020). Effect of morphological components on the herbage yield and quality of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Grown at Different Dates. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 44: 533-542.
• Temel S, Şurgun N (2019). The effect of different nitrogen and phosphorus doses on hay yield and quality of quinoa. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 9 (3): 1785-1796. DOI: 10.21597/jist.581836.
• Van Schooten, H. A. & Pinxterhuis, J. B. (2003). Quinoa as an alternative forage crop in organic dairy farming. Optimal forage systems for animal production and the environment. Proceedings of the 12th Symposium of the European Grassland Federation, Pleven, Bulgaria, 26-28 May 2003.
• Weinberg ZG, Ashbell G (2003). Engineering aspects of ensiling. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 13: 181-188. Woolfort MK (1984). The silage fermentation. Grassland Res. Inst., Hurley, Maidenhead, Berks SL6 5LR, UK. pp.350.
• Yacout MH, Salama R, Elgzar MIT, Awad AA (2021). In Vivo and in Vitro studies to evaluate nutritional value of Chenopodium quinoa as unconventional forage resource for feeding ruminants. Archives of Agriculture Sciences Journal, 4(2): 135-149.