BİLİMSEL GERÇEKÇİLİĞİ ÖZNEL YAKLAŞIMLAR KARŞISINDA BİLİMSEL OLARAK DAHA GÜÇLÜ YAPAN NEDİR?
Year 2020,
Issue: 35, 219 - 244, 30.08.2020
Cem Şen
,
İbrahim Sani Mert
Abstract
Yönetim ve organizasyon
araştırmaları yıllardır pozitivizm ile postmodernist tartışmaların gölgesinde
yürütülmektedir. Söz konusu araştırmaların temelde sosyal bir bilim olarak
kabul görmesi bilimsel meşruiyetini kanıtlamasına bağlıdır. Pozitivizmin yalın
nedensellik anlayışı ve metafiziğe karşı duruşu ile postmodernizmin ontolojik
ve epistemolojik sorunları yönetim ve organizasyon alanının bilimsel meşruiyet
açısından sorgulanmasına neden olduğu görülmektedir. Söz konusu sorunların
aşılmasında ve alanın araştırma programının özelliklerine ilişkin bir başvuru
çerçevesi oluşturulmasında bilimsel gerçekçilikten yararlanılabilir. Bilimsel
gerçekçiliğin, hem postmodernizm hem de pozitivizmin sorunlarını giderme
olanaklarını sunmaktadır. Ontolojik ve epistemolojik sorunlarının sağlam bir
zeminde tartışılmasına ve çözülmesinde, bilinç-beyin ikiliği tartışmalarında
ortaya çıkan ussal nitelik sorunlarını fizikselci yaklaşımlarla
aşılmasında, belirlenim tartışmasının
solipsizme savrulmadan, bilimsel meşruiyet içinde çözülmesinde bilimsel
gerçekçiliğin tutarlı bir bilim felsefesi çerçevesi sunduğu ileri sürülebilir.
References
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- Chia, R. (2003a). “Ontology: Organization as World-Making”, s. 98-113, (Ed.) Westwood, R. ve Clegg, S., Debating Organization: Point-Counterpoint in Organization Studies, Blackwell Publishing, London.
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- Cooper, R. ve Burrell, G. (1988). Modernism, “Postmodernism and Organizational Analysis”, Organization Studies, 9 (1): 91-112.
- Demetriou, C. (2009). “The Realist Approach to Explanatory Mechanisms in Social Sciences: More Than a Heuristic?”, Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 39 (3): 440-462.
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- Esade, M.B ve Mckelvey, B. (2010). “Integrating Modernist and Postmodernist Perspectives on Organizations: A Complexity Science Bridge”, Academy of Management Review, 35 (3): 415-433.
- Feyerabend, P.K. (1981). Realism, Rationalism and Scientific Method, Philosophical Papers Volume 1, Cambridge University Press, New York.
- Giddens, A. (1993). New Rules of Sociological Methods, a Positive Critique of Interpretative Sociologies, 2nd Ed., Stanford University Press, Stanford, California.
Keat, R. ve Urry, J. (1982). Social Theory as Science, 2nd Ed., Routledge and Kegan Paul, London.
- Kilduff, M., Mehra, A. ve Dunn M. B. (2011). “From Blue Sky Research to Problem Solving: A Philosophy of Science Theory of New Knowledge Production”, Academy of Management Review, 36 (2): 297-317.
- Kuhn, T.S. (1970). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
- Lakatos, I. (1965). “Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programs”, (Ed.) Lakatos, I. ve Musgrave, A., Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, Proceedings of the International Colloquim in the Philosopy of Science, The Cambridge University Press, London.
- Mckelvey B. (2003). “From Fields to Science: Can Organization Studies Make The Transition?”, s. 47-73, (Ed.) WESTWOOD, R. ve CLEGG, S., Debating Organization: Point-Counterpoint in Organization Studies, Blackwell Publishing, London.
- Mills, C.W. (2000). The Sociological Imagination; with a New Afterword by Todd Gitlin, 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press Inc., New York.
- Parsons, T. (2005). The Social System, with a New Preface by Bryan S.Turner, The Taylor & Francis e-Library, UK.
- Pfeffer, J. (1993). “Barriers to the Advance of Organizational Science: Paradigm Development as a Dependent Variable”, Academy of Management Review, 18 (4): 599-620.
- Pfeffer, J. (1997). New Directions for Organization Theory, Problems and Prospects. Oxford University Press, New York.
- Psillos, S. (2005). “Scientific Realism and Metaphysics”, Ratio, 18 (4): 385-404.
- Rosenau, P.M. (1992). Post-Modernism and the Social Sciences Insights, Inroads, and Intrusions, Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
- Rust, J. (2006). John Searle and the Construction of Social Reality, Continuum Studies in American Philosophy, New York.
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- Sargut, S. (2012b). “Sosyal Bilim Olarak Örgüt ve Yönetim Araştırma Alanları: Bilimsel Meşruiyet Sorunları Nasıl Aşılır?”, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Davetli Yazı: 1-15.
- Schlick, M. (1999). “Positivism and Realism”, s. 37-55, (Ed.) BOYD, R., GASPER, P. ve TROUT, J.D., The Philosophy of Science, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Searle, J.R. (1995). The Construction of Social Reality, The Free Press, New York.
- Sokal, A. (1996a). “Transgressing the Boundaries: Toward a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity”, Social Text, 46/47: 217-252.
- Sokal, A. (1996b). “A Physicist Experiments with Cultural Studies”, Lingua Franca, 6 (4): 62-64.
- Skinner, Q. (1990). “Introduction: The Return of Grand Theory”, (Ed.) SKINNER, Q., The Return of Grand Theory in the Human Sciences, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Türk, D. (2012). “Eleştirel Gerçekçilik Üzerine”, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 67 (3): 189-217.
- Yıldırım, E. (2010). “Örgüt Kuramında Yeni Gelişmeler: Postmodern ve Eleştirel Bakış”, (Ed.) SARGUT S. ve ÖZEN, Ş., Örgüt Kuramları, İmge Kitabevi, Ankara.
- West, D. (2008). Kıta Avrupası Felsefesine Giriş Rousseau, Kant ve Hegel’den Foucault ve Derrida’ya, (1995), (Çev. Ahmet Cevizci), Paradigma Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
- Wiarda, H.J. (2010). Grand Theories and Ideologies in the Social Sciences, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
- Wicks, A.C. ve Freeman, R.E. (1998). “Organization Studies and the New Pragmatism: Positivism, Anti-Positivism and the Search for Ethics”, Organization Science, 9 (2):123-140.
Year 2020,
Issue: 35, 219 - 244, 30.08.2020
Cem Şen
,
İbrahim Sani Mert
References
- Boyd, R. (1999a). “Confirmation, Semantics, and the Interpretation of Scientific Theories”, s. 3-35, (Ed.) Boyd, R., Gasper, P. ve Trout, J.D., The Philosophy of Science, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Boyd, R. (1999b). “On the Current Status of Scientific Realism, the Philosophy of Science”, s. 195-222, (Ed.) Boyd, R., Gasper, P. ve Trout, J.D., The Philosophy of Science, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- Burrell, G. ve Morgan, G. (1979). Sociological Paradigms and Organizational Analysis, Heinemann Educational Books Ltd., London.
- Case, P. (2003). “From Objectivity to Subjectivity: Pursuing Subjective Authenticity in Organizational Research”, s. 156-179, (Ed.) Westwood, R. ve Clegg, S., Debating Organization: Point-Counterpoint in Organization Studies, Blackwell Publishing, London.
- Chalmers, A.E. (1999). What is This Thing Called Science? 3rd Ed., Hackett Publishing Company Inc., Indianapolis.
- Chia, R. (2003a). “Ontology: Organization as World-Making”, s. 98-113, (Ed.) Westwood, R. ve Clegg, S., Debating Organization: Point-Counterpoint in Organization Studies, Blackwell Publishing, London.
- Chia, R. (2003b). “Organization Theory as a Postmodern Science”, s. 113-140, (Ed.) Tsoukas, H. ve Knudsen, C., The Oxford Handbook of Organization Theory, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
- Churchland, P.M. (1986). Scientific Realism and the Plasticity of Mind, University of Cambridge, Cambridge.
- Cooper, R. ve Burrell, G. (1988). Modernism, “Postmodernism and Organizational Analysis”, Organization Studies, 9 (1): 91-112.
- Demetriou, C. (2009). “The Realist Approach to Explanatory Mechanisms in Social Sciences: More Than a Heuristic?”, Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 39 (3): 440-462.
- Donaldson, L. (2003). “Epistemology: Position Statement for Positivism”, s. 114-127, (Ed.) Westwood, R. ve CLEGG, S., Debating Organization: Point-Counterpoint in Organization Studies, Blackwell Publishing, London.
- Esade, M.B ve Mckelvey, B. (2010). “Integrating Modernist and Postmodernist Perspectives on Organizations: A Complexity Science Bridge”, Academy of Management Review, 35 (3): 415-433.
- Feyerabend, P.K. (1981). Realism, Rationalism and Scientific Method, Philosophical Papers Volume 1, Cambridge University Press, New York.
- Giddens, A. (1993). New Rules of Sociological Methods, a Positive Critique of Interpretative Sociologies, 2nd Ed., Stanford University Press, Stanford, California.
Keat, R. ve Urry, J. (1982). Social Theory as Science, 2nd Ed., Routledge and Kegan Paul, London.
- Kilduff, M., Mehra, A. ve Dunn M. B. (2011). “From Blue Sky Research to Problem Solving: A Philosophy of Science Theory of New Knowledge Production”, Academy of Management Review, 36 (2): 297-317.
- Kuhn, T.S. (1970). The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
- Lakatos, I. (1965). “Falsification and the Methodology of Scientific Research Programs”, (Ed.) Lakatos, I. ve Musgrave, A., Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge, Proceedings of the International Colloquim in the Philosopy of Science, The Cambridge University Press, London.
- Mckelvey B. (2003). “From Fields to Science: Can Organization Studies Make The Transition?”, s. 47-73, (Ed.) WESTWOOD, R. ve CLEGG, S., Debating Organization: Point-Counterpoint in Organization Studies, Blackwell Publishing, London.
- Mills, C.W. (2000). The Sociological Imagination; with a New Afterword by Todd Gitlin, 2nd Ed., Oxford University Press Inc., New York.
- Parsons, T. (2005). The Social System, with a New Preface by Bryan S.Turner, The Taylor & Francis e-Library, UK.
- Pfeffer, J. (1993). “Barriers to the Advance of Organizational Science: Paradigm Development as a Dependent Variable”, Academy of Management Review, 18 (4): 599-620.
- Pfeffer, J. (1997). New Directions for Organization Theory, Problems and Prospects. Oxford University Press, New York.
- Psillos, S. (2005). “Scientific Realism and Metaphysics”, Ratio, 18 (4): 385-404.
- Rosenau, P.M. (1992). Post-Modernism and the Social Sciences Insights, Inroads, and Intrusions, Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
- Rust, J. (2006). John Searle and the Construction of Social Reality, Continuum Studies in American Philosophy, New York.
- Sargut, S. (2006). “Buluşsal Arayış ya da Sav: Bilimsel Makale Niteliği Üzerine Düşünceler”, Sosyal Bilimlerde Süreli Yayıncılık, I. Ulusal Kurultay Bildirileri: 101-112.
- Sargut, S. (2012a). “Kuramın Önceliği: Bilimsel Tavır Araçsalcılıkla Niye Uzlaşmaz?”, s. 1-11, (Ed.) Sözen, H.C. ve Basim, H.N., Örgüt Kuramları, Beta Basım A.Ş., Ankara.
- Sargut, S. (2012b). “Sosyal Bilim Olarak Örgüt ve Yönetim Araştırma Alanları: Bilimsel Meşruiyet Sorunları Nasıl Aşılır?”, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi Davetli Yazı: 1-15.
- Schlick, M. (1999). “Positivism and Realism”, s. 37-55, (Ed.) BOYD, R., GASPER, P. ve TROUT, J.D., The Philosophy of Science, The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Searle, J.R. (1995). The Construction of Social Reality, The Free Press, New York.
- Sokal, A. (1996a). “Transgressing the Boundaries: Toward a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity”, Social Text, 46/47: 217-252.
- Sokal, A. (1996b). “A Physicist Experiments with Cultural Studies”, Lingua Franca, 6 (4): 62-64.
- Skinner, Q. (1990). “Introduction: The Return of Grand Theory”, (Ed.) SKINNER, Q., The Return of Grand Theory in the Human Sciences, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Türk, D. (2012). “Eleştirel Gerçekçilik Üzerine”, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 67 (3): 189-217.
- Yıldırım, E. (2010). “Örgüt Kuramında Yeni Gelişmeler: Postmodern ve Eleştirel Bakış”, (Ed.) SARGUT S. ve ÖZEN, Ş., Örgüt Kuramları, İmge Kitabevi, Ankara.
- West, D. (2008). Kıta Avrupası Felsefesine Giriş Rousseau, Kant ve Hegel’den Foucault ve Derrida’ya, (1995), (Çev. Ahmet Cevizci), Paradigma Yayıncılık, İstanbul.
- Wiarda, H.J. (2010). Grand Theories and Ideologies in the Social Sciences, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
- Wicks, A.C. ve Freeman, R.E. (1998). “Organization Studies and the New Pragmatism: Positivism, Anti-Positivism and the Search for Ethics”, Organization Science, 9 (2):123-140.