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The Effect Of Age, Sex, And Indications For Operation On The Complications Of Total Thyroidectomy

Year 2022, Volume: 55 Issue: 3, 212 - 215, 31.12.2022

Abstract

ÖZET:
AMAÇ:
Total tiroidektomi, tiroidin bir çok benign ve malign hastalıklarında sıkça yapılmaktadır. En sık görülen komplikasyonları; disfoni, hematom, hipoparatiroidi ve rekürren laryngeal sinir hasarıdır. Çalışmamızda total tiroidektomi olan hastaların demografik bilgileri ile operasyon endikasyonlarının, postoperatif komplikasyonları üzerine etkisi araştırmayı amaçladık.
GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM:
Çalışmamıza 2011-2022 tarihleri arasında Başkent Üniversitesi Ankara Hastanesine başvuran , 18 yaş üstü, total tiroidektomi olan hastalar dahil edildi. Çalışmamız retrospektif, dosya taraması olarak dizayn edildi. Hastaların, yaş cinsiyet, operasyon endikasyonları ve operasyon sonrası komplikasyon bilgileri kaydedildi. Hasaların kalıcı hipoparatiroidi ve kalıcı hipokalsemi diyebilmek için en az 6 aylık takipleri değerlendirdik.
BULGULAR:
Çalışmaya toplam 580 hasta dahil edildi. Hastaların 422‘si (%72,8) kadın, 158’i (%27,2) erkek olup, yaş ortalamaları 49,50±13,91 saptandı. 354 (%61,8) hasta multinoduler guatr, 172 (%29,7) hasta malignite şüphesi, 24 (%4,1) hasta Graves hastalığı, 30(%5,2) hasta toksik nodul/nodüller nedeni ile opere edilmişti. Operasyon komplikasyonu olarak 1 (%0,02) hastada hematom, 11 (%1,9) hastada vokal kord paralizisi, 10 (%1,7) hastada geçici ses kısıklığı, 7 (%1,2) hastada kalıcı ses kısıklığı, 124 (%21,4) hastada geçici hipoparatiroidi, 11 (%1,9) hastada kalıcı hipoparatiroidi, 263 (%45,3) hastada geçici hipokalsemi, 13 (%2,2) hastada kalıcı hipokalsemi izlendi. Erkeklerde kadınlara göre kalıcı hipokalsemi, kalıcı hipoparatiroidi ve vokal kord paralizisi daha sık izlendi (sırasıyla p=0,009, p=0,010, p=0,502). Malignite şüphesi ile opere edilenlerde kalıcı hipokalsemi, kalıcı hipoparatiroidi, ses kısıklığı ve vokal kord paralizisi daha sık izlendi (sırasıyla p=0,150, p=0,040, p=0,875, p=0,747). ≥65 yaş hastalarda postoperatif kalıcı ve geçici ses kısıklığı ayrıca vokal kord paralizisi daha fazla izlendi (sırasıyla p=0,009, p=0,398).
SONUÇ:
Postoperatif komplikasyonlar, erkeklerde, ≥65 yaş üstü hastalarda ve malingnite şüphesi ile opere edilenlerde daha fazla izlenmektedir.

ABSTRACT
AIM:
Total thyroidectomy is frequently performed in many benign and malignant thyroid diseases. The most common complications are; dysphonia, hematoma, hypoparathyroidism, and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
Patients over the age of 18 who were admitted to xxx University xxx Hospital and underwent total thyroidectomy between 2011 and 2022 were included in our study. Our study was designed as a retrospective chart review. Patients' age, sex, indications for operation and postoperative complications were recorded. We evaluated at least 6 months of follow-ups in order to conclude that the patients have permanent hypoparathyroidism and permanent hypocalcemia.
RESULTS:
A total of 580 patients were included in the study.. Observed operative complications included hematoma in 1 (0.02%) patient, vocal cord paralysis in 11 (1.9%) patients, temporary hoarseness in 10 (1.7%) patients, permanent hoarseness in 7 (1.2%) patients, temporary hypoparathyroidism in 124 (21.4%) patients, permanent hypoparathyroidism in 11 (1.9%) patients, temporary hypocalcemia in 263 (45.3%) patients, and permanent hypocalcemia in 13 (2.2%) patients. Permanent hypocalcemia, permanent hypoparathyroidism, and vocal cord paralysis were observed more frequently in men than in women (p=0.009, p=0.010, p=0.502, respectively). Permanent hypocalcemia, permanent hypoparathyroidism, hoarseness and vocal cord paralysis were observed more frequently in patients who were operated with suspicion of malignancy (p=0.150, p=0.040, p=0.875, p=0.747, respectively). Postoperative permanent and temporary hoarseness and vocal cord paralysis were more common in patients aged ≥65 years (p=0.009, p=0.398, respectively).
CONCLUSION
Postoperative complications are more common in men, in patients aged ≥65 years, and in those operated for suspected malignancy.

Supporting Institution

başkent üniversitesi

Project Number

KA21/528

References

  • REFERENCES
  • 1. Del Rio P, Carcoforo P, Medas F, et al. Adverse events in thyroid surgery: observational study in three surgical units with high volume/year. BMC Surg. 2021 Sep 25;21(1):352. doi: 10.1186/s12893-021-01353-6.
  • 2. Patel KN, Yip L, Lubitz CC, et al. The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Guidelines for the Definitive Surgical Management of Thyroid Disease in Adults. Ann Surg. 2020 Mar;271(3):e21-e93. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003580.
  • 3. Caulley L, Johnson-Obaseki S, Luo L, et al. Risk factors for postoperative complications in total thyroidectomy: A retrospective, risk-adjusted analysis from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017; 96(5): e5752, doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000005752.
  • 4. Lorek AJ, Steinhof-Radwańska K, Zarębski W, et al. The prevalence of hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery depending on the diagnosis, the extent of the procedure, and the presence of parathyroid glands in the postoperative examination. Endokrynol Pol. 2021;72(5):586-587. doi: 10.5603/EP.a2021.0080.
  • 5. Villarroya-Marquina I, Lorente-Poch L, Sancho J, et al. Influence of gender and women's age on the prevalence of parathyroid failure after total thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter. Gland Surg. 2020 Apr;9(2):245-251. doi: 10.21037/gs.2020.02.01.
  • 6. Rosato L, Avenia N, Bernante P, et al. Complications of thyroid surgery: analysis of a multicentric study on 14,934 patients operated on in Italy over 5 years. World J Surg. 2004 Mar;28(3):271-6. doi: 10.1007/s00268-003-6903-1.
  • 7. Pisanu A, Porceddu G, Podda M, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis of studies comparing intraoperative neuromonitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerves versus visualization alone during thyroidectomy. J Surg Res. 2014 May 1;188(1):152-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.12.022.
  • 8. Eismontas V, Slepavicius A, Janusonis V, et al. Predictors of postoperative hypocalcemia occurring after a total thyroidectomy: results of prospective multicenter study. BMC Surg. 2018 Aug 9;18(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s12893-018-0387-2.
  • 9. Del Rio P, Rossini M, Montana CM, et al. Postoperative hypocalcemia: analysis of factors influencing early hypocalcemia development following thyroid surgery. BMC Surg. 2019 Apr 24;18(Suppl 1):25. doi: 10.1186/s12893-019-0483-y.
  • 10. Hallgrimsson P, Nordenström E, Bergenfelz A, et al. Hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy for Graves' disease and for benign atoxic multinodular goitre. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2012 Oct;397(7):1133-7. doi: 10.1007/s00423-012-0981-1.
  • 11. Pesce CE, Shiue Z, Tsai HL, et al. Postoperative hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. Thyroid 20:1279–1283.
  • 12. Chiang FY, Lin JC, Wu CW, et al. Morbidity after total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease: comparison of graves’ disease and non-graves’ disease. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2006;22:554–9.
Year 2022, Volume: 55 Issue: 3, 212 - 215, 31.12.2022

Abstract

Project Number

KA21/528

References

  • REFERENCES
  • 1. Del Rio P, Carcoforo P, Medas F, et al. Adverse events in thyroid surgery: observational study in three surgical units with high volume/year. BMC Surg. 2021 Sep 25;21(1):352. doi: 10.1186/s12893-021-01353-6.
  • 2. Patel KN, Yip L, Lubitz CC, et al. The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Guidelines for the Definitive Surgical Management of Thyroid Disease in Adults. Ann Surg. 2020 Mar;271(3):e21-e93. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003580.
  • 3. Caulley L, Johnson-Obaseki S, Luo L, et al. Risk factors for postoperative complications in total thyroidectomy: A retrospective, risk-adjusted analysis from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017; 96(5): e5752, doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000005752.
  • 4. Lorek AJ, Steinhof-Radwańska K, Zarębski W, et al. The prevalence of hypoparathyroidism after thyroid surgery depending on the diagnosis, the extent of the procedure, and the presence of parathyroid glands in the postoperative examination. Endokrynol Pol. 2021;72(5):586-587. doi: 10.5603/EP.a2021.0080.
  • 5. Villarroya-Marquina I, Lorente-Poch L, Sancho J, et al. Influence of gender and women's age on the prevalence of parathyroid failure after total thyroidectomy for multinodular goiter. Gland Surg. 2020 Apr;9(2):245-251. doi: 10.21037/gs.2020.02.01.
  • 6. Rosato L, Avenia N, Bernante P, et al. Complications of thyroid surgery: analysis of a multicentric study on 14,934 patients operated on in Italy over 5 years. World J Surg. 2004 Mar;28(3):271-6. doi: 10.1007/s00268-003-6903-1.
  • 7. Pisanu A, Porceddu G, Podda M, et al. Systematic review with meta-analysis of studies comparing intraoperative neuromonitoring of recurrent laryngeal nerves versus visualization alone during thyroidectomy. J Surg Res. 2014 May 1;188(1):152-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.12.022.
  • 8. Eismontas V, Slepavicius A, Janusonis V, et al. Predictors of postoperative hypocalcemia occurring after a total thyroidectomy: results of prospective multicenter study. BMC Surg. 2018 Aug 9;18(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s12893-018-0387-2.
  • 9. Del Rio P, Rossini M, Montana CM, et al. Postoperative hypocalcemia: analysis of factors influencing early hypocalcemia development following thyroid surgery. BMC Surg. 2019 Apr 24;18(Suppl 1):25. doi: 10.1186/s12893-019-0483-y.
  • 10. Hallgrimsson P, Nordenström E, Bergenfelz A, et al. Hypocalcaemia after total thyroidectomy for Graves' disease and for benign atoxic multinodular goitre. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2012 Oct;397(7):1133-7. doi: 10.1007/s00423-012-0981-1.
  • 11. Pesce CE, Shiue Z, Tsai HL, et al. Postoperative hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy for Graves' disease. Thyroid 20:1279–1283.
  • 12. Chiang FY, Lin JC, Wu CW, et al. Morbidity after total thyroidectomy for benign thyroid disease: comparison of graves’ disease and non-graves’ disease. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2006;22:554–9.
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Original research article
Authors

Işılay Taşkaldıran 0000-0002-1390-7571

Özlem Turhan İyidir 0000-0001-5305-6807

Uğur Toprak 0000-0002-2949-9189

Bilal Çakıl 0000-0002-8218-1241

Gülin Bulut 0000-0002-3207-7016

Mehmet Tarık Hacıbektaşoğlu 0000-0003-4803-3840

Sıla Geren 0000-0003-4497-1880

Tolga Korkmaz 0000-0003-2479-1065

Zeynep Ilgaz Yaylı 0000-0003-3059-7066

Neslihan Başçıl Tütüncü 0000-0002-1816-3903

Project Number KA21/528
Publication Date December 31, 2022
Submission Date October 6, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 55 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Taşkaldıran I, Turhan İyidir Ö, Toprak U, Çakıl B, Bulut G, Hacıbektaşoğlu MT, Geren S, Korkmaz T, Yaylı ZI, Başçıl Tütüncü N. The Effect Of Age, Sex, And Indications For Operation On The Complications Of Total Thyroidectomy. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi. December 2022;55(3):212-215.