Özgürlükçülük (Libertaryanizm) ve Eğitim: Özgürlükçü Eğitimin Temel Varsayımlarına İlişkin Bir Eleştiri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 1 - 20, 29.03.2022

Tuncer Fidan

https://doi.org/10.31592/aeusbed.809403

Öz

Özgürlükçülük (libertaryanizm), özellikle 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren refah devletlerinin yaşadığı verimlilik sorunlarına çare olarak önerilen iktisadi ve felsefi yaklaşımlardan biridir. Kuramsal tarama modelinde desenlenen bu çalışmanın amacı özgürlükçülüğün eğitime ilişkin varsayımlarını betimlemek ve uygulama sonuçlarından hareketle bu varsayımların geçerliliğini tartışmaktır. Özgürlükçülüğün temel varsayımları, ağırlıklı olarak Hayek ve Friedman’ın çalışmalarına dayalı olarak şekillenmiştir. Özgürlükçülüğün eğitime ilişkin varsayımları ise çoğunlukla Friedman’ın öne sürdüğü devletin eğitime müdahalesini meşrulaştıran gerekçeler etrafında tartışılmaktadır. Bu gerekçelerden ilki etkili bir rekabeti olanaksız kılan yüksek altyapı maliyeti nedeniyle devletin doğal tekele dönüşmesi veya eğitim alanında piyasa aksaklıklarının ortaya çıkmasıdır. İkinci gerekçe komşuluk etkileri gibi dışsallıkların varlığı; üçüncü gerekçe ise eğitimin nihai hedeflerinin belirsizliğiyle ilgilidir. Sonuç olarak, Friedman’ın ortaya koyduğu devletin eğitime müdahalesini meşrulaştıran gerekçeler evrensel niteliklere sahip olmadıkları halde evrensel genellemelere dönüştürülmüştür. Bu genellemelerden hareketle evrensel sorunlara karşı önerdikleri çözümlerin ilk ve ortaöğretim düzeyinde öğrenciler arasındaki mevcut eşitsizliklerin derinleşmesi ve bütçe harcamalarının artması gibi etkilere, yükseköğretim düzeyinde ise ağır insani maliyetlerin yanında devletlerin iktisadi sistemleri için risk teşkil eden borç balonlarının ortaya çıkmasına yol açtığı söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Özgürlükçülük (libertaryanizm), eğitim finansmanı, okul seçimi, kupon sistemi

Kaynakça

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