Kendi Kendine Yardım Temelli Çevrimiçi Psikososyal Destek Platformunun Geliştirilmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 371 - 386, 30.11.2021

Ömer Özer , A.aykut Ceyhan

https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.986848

Cited By: 3

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kendi Kendine Yardım Temelli Çevrimiçi Psikososyal Destek (KKY) platformunun pandemi sürecinde geliştirilmesine ve ön değerlendirmesinin yapılmasına yönelik çalışmaları betimlemek ve uygulamanın genel özelliklerini paylaşmaktır. KKY platformu, pandemi ile birlikte bireylerin psikolojik yardım arama ihtiyacının belirginleşmesi ve bu yönde çabalarının yoğunlaşması sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır. KKY platformu geliştirme çalışmalarında ADDIE tasarım modelinin analiz, tasarım, geliştirme, uygulama ve değerlendirme basamakları izlenmiştir. Çalışmalar sonucunda, pandemi sürecinde artış gösteren psikolojik belirtilerle başa çıkma konusunda kullanıcılara destek olmayı amaçlayan, bilişsel davranışçı terapi yaklaşımına dayalı olarak geliştirilmiş, internet tabanlı bir kendi kendine yardım uygulaması ortaya çıkmıştır. Platform içerisinde depresif duygudurum, kaygı ve stres konularını içeren üç modül ve bir gevşeme egzersizi alanı mevcuttur. Modüllerin her biri aşamalı biçimde oluşturulmuş beş oturum içeriğinden oluşmaktadır. Modüllerin içeriğinde ise bilgilendirici metinler, psikoeğitim amaçlı animasyonlar, belirti düzeyini değerlendiren soru listeleri, kullanıcının kendi kendine doldurabileceği formlar ve bilgi düzeyini değerlendiren mini testler yer almaktadır. Platformu kullanmak isteyen bireyler, https://kendikendineyardim.anadolu.edu.tr ve http://www.kendikendineyardim.org adresinden platforma erişim sağlamakta ve öncelikle kullanıcı kaydı oluşturmaktadırlar. Sonrasında psikolojik belirti düzeylerini ölçen ölçme aracını tamamlayarak modül içeriklerinde çalışmaya başlamaktadırlar. Uzman desteksiz bir kendi kendine yardım müdahalesi olan KKY Platformu psikolojik belirtilerle başa çıkmada kullanıcılara destek olacak bir uygulamadır.

Keywords

Kendi Kendine Yardım, Web Temelli Müdahale, Pandemi, Psikolojik Belirtiler

Supporting Institution

Bursa Eskişehir Bilecik Kalkınma Ajansı

Project Number

TR41/20/COVID/0022

Thanks

KKY platformunun geliştirilmesinde proje Ekibinde yer alan Prof. Dr. Esra CEYHAN, Dr. Ferhat BAYOĞLU , danışman olarak yer alan Prof. Dr. Kadir ÖZDEL’e, içerik geliştirici olarak yer alan Dr. Öğretim üyesi Zeynep SET, Uzman Psikolojik Danışman Ahmet ALTINOK, Doç. Dr. Mustafa Kemal Yöntem, Öğretim Görevlisi Burak KÖKSAL, Öğretim Görevlisi Nilay ÖZER ve Doç. Dr. Uğur Doğan’a katkılarından ötürü teşekkür ederiz.

Development of Self-Help Based Online Psychosocial Support Platform

Abstract

The aim of this study is to describe the studies on the development and pre-evaluation of the Self-Help Based Online Psychosocial Support (KKY) platform during the pandemic process and to share the general features of the application. The KKY platform has emerged as a result of the pandemic, the need for individuals to seek psychological help and the intensification of their efforts in this direction. Analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation steps of the ADDIE design model were followed in the KKY platform development studies. As a result of the studies, an internet-based self-help application developed based on the cognitive behavioral therapy approach, which aims to support users in coping with the increasing psychological symptoms during the pandemic process, has emerged. There are three modules on depressive mood, anxiety and stress and a relaxation exercise module within the platform. Each of the modules consists of five session contents that are created in stages. In the content of the modules, there are informative texts, animations for psychoeducational purposes, question lists that evaluate the symptom level, forms that the user can fill in himself, and mini-tests that evaluate the level of knowledge. Individuals who want to use the platform access the platform at https://kendineyardim.anadolu.edu.tr and first create a user registration. Afterwards, they complete the measurement tool that measures psychological symptom levels and start working on the module contents. KKY Platform, which is a self-help intervention without expert support, is an application that will support users in coping with psychological symptoms. 

Keywords

Self Help, Web Based Interventions, Pandemi, Psychological Syptomps

Project Number

TR41/20/COVID/0022

References

• Andersson, G., Bergstrom, J., Buhrman, M., Carlbring, P., Hollandare, F., Kaldo, V., … Waara, J. (2008). Development of a new approach to guided self-help via the internet: The Swedish experience. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 26(2–4), 161–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228830802094627
• Barak, A., Hen, L., Boniel-Nissim, M., & Shapira, N. (2008). A Comprehensive Review and a Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Internet-Based Psychotherapeutic Interventions. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 26(2–4), 109–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/15228830802094429
• Barak, A., Klein, B., & Proudfoot, J. G. (2009). Defining internet-supported therapeutic interventions. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 38(1), 4–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-009-9130-7
• Baumgartner, C., Bilevicius, E., Khazaal, Y., Achab, S., Schaaf, S., Wenger, A., … Schaub, M. P. (2019). Efficacy of a web-based self-help tool to reduce problem gambling in Switzerland: Study protocol of a two-Armed randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 9(12), e032110. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032110
• Boettcher, J., Magnusson, K., Marklund, A., Berglund, E., Blomdahl, R., Braun, U., … Carlbring, P. (2018). Adding a smartphone app to internet-based self-help for social anxiety: A randomized controlled trial. Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 98–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.04.052
• Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020, Mart 14). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, C. 395, ss. 912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8
• Buntrock, C., Ebert, D. D., Lehr, D., Smit, F., Riper, H., Berking, M., & Cuijpers, P. (2016). Effect of a web-based guided self-help intervention for prevention of major depression in adults with subthreshold depression a randomized clinical trial. JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association, 315(17), 1854–1863. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.4326
• Buscher, R., Torok, M., & Sander, L. (2019). The effectiveness of internet-based self-help interventions to reduce suicidal ideation: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. JMIR Research Protocols, 8(7), e14174. https://doi.org/10.2196/14174
• Cava, M. A., Fay, K. E., Beanlands, H. J., McCay, E. A., & Wignall, R. (2005). The experience of quarantine for individuals affected by SARS in Toronto. Public Health Nursing, 22(5), 398–406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0737-1209.2005.220504.x
• Clark, D. A., & Steer, R. A. (1996). Empirical status of the cognitive model of anxiety and depression. In P. M. Salkovskis (Ed.), Frontiers of cognitive therapy (p. 75–96). The Guilford Press.
• Cowpertwait, L., Clarke, D., Cowpertwait, L., & Clarke, D. (2013). Effectiveness of Web-based Psychological Interventions for Depression: A Meta-analysis. Int J Ment Health Addiction, 11, 247–268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-012-9416-z
• De Jaegere, E., van Landschoot, R., van Heeringen, K., van Spijker, B. A. J., Kerkhof, A. J. F. M., Mokkenstorm, J. K., & Portzky, G. (2019). The online treatment of suicidal ideation: A randomised controlled trial of an unguided web-based intervention. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 119, 103406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2019.05.003
• Durdu Akgün, B., Aktaç, A., & Yorulmaz, O. (2019). Ruh Sağlığında Mobil Uygulamalar: Etkinliğe Yönelik Sistematik Bir Gözden Geçirme. Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 11(4), 519–530. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.441765
• Erdem, A., & Özdemir, M. (2020). Çevrimiçi ve Yüz Yüze Psikolojik Danışmaya İlişkin Algıları Keşfetmek: Nitel Bir Çalışma. Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 12(Suppl 1), 331–363. https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.793232
• Gaebel, W., & Stricker, J. (2020). E-mental health options in the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 74(8), 441–442. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.13079
• Hamilton, K. E., & Dobson, K. S. (2002). Cognitive therapy of depression: Pretreatment patient predictors of outcome. Clinical Psychology Review, 22(6), 875–893. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-7358(02)00106-X
• Hartmann-Boyce, J., Jebb, S. A., Fletcher, B. R., & Aveyard, P. (2015, Mart 1). Self-help for weight loss in overweight and obese adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Public Health, C. 105, ss. e43–e57. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2014.302389
• Hisli Şahin, N., & Durak, A. (1994). Kısa Semprom Envanteri (Brief Symptom Inventory-BSI): Türk gençleri için uyarlanması. Türk Psikloji Dergisi, 9(31), 44–56.
• Hisli Şahin, N., Durak Batıgün, A., & Uğurtaş, S. (2002). Kısa Semptom Envanteri (KSE): Ergenler İçin Kullanımının Geçerlik, Güvenilirlik ve Faktör Yapısı. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 13(2), 125–135.
• Hofmann, S. G. (2007). Cognitive factors that maintain social anxiety disorder: A comprehensive model and its treatment implications. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 36(4), 193–209. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506070701421313
• Johansson, M., Sinadinovic, K., Hammarberg, A., Sundström, C., Hermansson, U., Andreasson, S., & Berman, A. H. (2017). Web-Based Self-Help for Problematic Alcohol Use: a Large Naturalistic Study. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 24(5), 749–759. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-016-9618-z
• Kazlauskas, E., Eimontas, J., Olff, M., Zelviene, P., & Andersson, G. (2020). Adherence Predictors in Internet-Delivered Self-Help Intervention for Life Stressors-Related Adjustment Disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11(March), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00137
• Khanna, M., Aschenbrand, S. G., & Kendall, P. C. (2007). New frontiers: Computer technology in the treatment of anxious youth. Behav Ther, 30, 22–25.
• Kılıç Çakmak, E., Güneş, E., Çiftçi, S., & Üstündağ, M. T. (2011). Web Sitesi Kullanılabilirlik Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi : Geçerlik , Güvenirlik Analizi ve Uygulama Sonuçları. Pegem Eğitim ve Öğretim Dergisi, 1(2), 31–40.
• Koçyiğit, M., & Erkan, Z. (2021). Covid- 19 Sürecinde Psikolojik Danışma ve Süpervizyon : # evdekal Deneyimi Counseling and Supervision During Covid-19 : Experience of # stayhome. 8(1), 253–274.
• Lambert, J. D., Greaves, C. J., Farrand, P., Price, L., Haase, A. M., & Taylor, A. H. (2018). Web-based intervention using behavioral activation and physical activity for adults with depression (the emotion study): Pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 20(7), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.2196/10112
• Lee, E. B., Hoepfl, C., Werner, C., & McIngvale, E. (2019). A review of tech-based self-help treatment programs for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 23(June). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2019.100473
• Meredith, L. N., & Frazier, P. A. (2019). Randomized Trial of Web-Based Stress Management Interventions for Community College Students. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 43(1), 42–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/10668926.2017.1396267
• Özdemir, M. B., & Barut, Y. (2020). Psikolojik Danışma Uygulamalarında Post Modern Bakış Açısı: Çevrimiçi Psikolojik Danışma. Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry & Psychology, 2(3), 192–199. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.20.03.24
• Özer, Ö., Yıkılmaz, M., Altınok, A., & Bayoğlu, F. (2016). Psikolojik Danışmanların Çevrimiçi (Online) Psikolojik Danışmaya Yönelik Tutumlarının Danışan Perspektifinden İncelenmesi. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 58(Kasım-Aralık), 549–559. Tarihinde adresinden erişildi http://www.akademikbakis.org
• Özerbaş, M. A., & Kaya, A. B. (2017). Öğretim Tasarımı Çalışmalarının İçerik Analizi: ADDIE Modeli Örneklemi. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(1), 26–42.
• Pan, P. J. D., Chang, S. H., & Yu, Y. Y. (2005). A support group for home-quarantined college students exposed to SARS: Learning from practice. Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 30(4), 363–374. https://doi.org/10.1080/01933920500186951
• Radtke, T., Ostergaard, M., Cooke, R., & Scholz, U. (2017). Web-based alcohol intervention: Study of systematic attrition of heavy drinkers. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 19(6), e6780. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.6780
• Riper, H., Spek, V., Boon, B., Conijn, B., Kramer, J., Martin-Abello, K., & Smit, F. (2011). Effectiveness of E-Self-help interventions for curbing adult problem drinking: A meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 13(2), e1691. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1691
• Riva, G., Bernardelli, L., Browning, M. H. E. M., Castelnuovo, G., Cavedoni, S., Chirico, A., … Wiederhold, B. K. (2020). COVID Feel Good—An Easy Self-Help Virtual Reality Protocol to Overcome the Psychological Burden of Coronavirus. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11(September), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.563319
• Roepke, A. M., Jaffee, S. R., Riffle, O. M., McGonigal, J., Broome, R., & Maxwell, B. (2015). Randomized Controlled Trial of SuperBetter, a Smartphone-Based/Internet-Based Self-Help Tool to Reduce Depressive Symptoms. Games for Health Journal, 4(3), 235–246. https://doi.org/10.1089/g4h.2014.0046
• Rosen, G. M. (1987). Self-Help Treatment Books and the Commercialization of Psychotherapy. American Psychologist, 42(1), 46–51. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.42.1.46
• Schaub, M. P., Tiburcio, M., Martinez, N., Ambekar, A., Balhara, Y. P. S., Wenger, A., … Souza-Formigoni, M. L. O. (2018). Alcohol e-Help: study protocol for a web-based self-help program to reduce alcohol use in adults with drinking patterns considered harmful, hazardous or suggestive of dependence in middle-income countries. Addiction, 113(2), 346–352. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14034
• Schaub, M., Sullivan, R., Haug, S., & Stark, L. (2012). Web-based cognitive behavioral self-help intervention to reduce cocaine consumption in problematic cocaine users: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 14(6). https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2244
• Sevilla-Llewellyn-Jones, J., Santesteban-Echarri, O., Pryor, I., McGorry, P., & Alvarez-Jimenez, M. (2018, Eylül 1). Web-based mindfulness interventions for mental health treatment: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, C. 20, s. e10278. https://doi.org/10.2196/10278
• Stolz, T., Schulz, A., Krieger, T., Vincent, A., Urech, A., Moser, C., … Berger, T. (2018). A mobile App for social anxiety disorder: A three-arm randomized controlled trial comparing mobile and PC-based guided self-help interventions. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 86(6), 493–504. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000301
• Tian, F., Li, H., Tian, S., Yang, J., Shao, J., & Tian, C. (2020). Psychological symptoms of ordinary Chinese citizens based on SCL-90 during the level I emergency response to COVID-19. Psychiatry Research, 288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112992
• Torok, M., Han, J., Baker, S., Werner-Seidler, A., Wong, I., Larsen, M. E., & Christensen, H. (2020). Suicide prevention using self-guided digital interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. The Lancet Digital Health, 2(1), e25–e36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(19)30199-2
• Türk Psikiyatri Derneği (2020). Karantinanın Ruhsal Etkileri ve Koruyucu Önlemler . https://psikiyatri.org.tr/TPDData/uploads/files/KarantinaCOVID.pdf adresinden edinilmiştir.
• Urech, C., Grossert, A., Alder, J., Scherer, S., Handschin, B., Kasenda, B., … Hess, V. (2018). Web-based stress management for newly diagnosed patients with cancer (STREAM): A randomized, wait-list controlled intervention study. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 36(8), 780–788. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.74.8491
• van Spijker, B. A. J., Calear, A. L., Batterham, P. J., Mackinnon, A. J., Gosling, J. A., Kerkhof, A. J. F. M., … Christensen, H. (2015). Reducing suicidal thoughts in the Australian general population through web-based self-help: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials, 16(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-015-0589-1
• Van Straten, A., Cuijpers, P., & Smits, N. (2008). Effectiveness of a web-based self-help intervention for symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 10(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.954
• Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
• , D. J., Portillo, C. J., Holzemer, W. L., Slaughter, R., & McGhee, E. M. (2004, Kasım 10). The effectiveness of web-based vs. non-web-based interventions: A meta-analysis of behavioral change outcomes. Journal of Medical Internet Research, C. 6, s. e116. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.6.4.e40
• Wittekind, C. E., Bierbrodt, J., Lüdecke, D., Feist, A., Hand, I., & Moritz, S. (2019). Cognitive bias modification in problem and pathological gambling using a web-based approach-avoidance task: A pilot trial. Psychiatry Research, 272, 171–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.075
• Yang, L., Yin, J., Wang, D., Rahman, A., & Li, X. (2020). Urgent need to develop evidence-based self-help interventions for mental health of healthcare workers in COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological Medicine, 7(2020), 2020–2021. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720001385
• Yuen, E. K., Gros, K., Welsh, K. E., McCauley, J., Resnick, H. S., Danielson, C. K., … Ruggiero, K. J. (2016). Development and preliminary testing of a web-based, self-help application for disaster-affected families. Health Informatics Journal, 22(3), 659–675. https://doi.org/10.1177/1460458215579292
• Zeren, Ş. G. (2014). Information and Communication Technology in Education of Psychological Counselors in Training. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 6(2), 494–509.
• Zeren, Ş. G., & Bulut, E. (2018). Çevrimiçi Psikolojik Danışmada Etik ve Standartlar: Bir Model Önerisi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 8(49), 63–80.
• Zwerenz, R., Becker, J., Johansson, R., Frederick, R. J., Andersson, G., & Beutel, M. E. (2017). Transdiagnostic, Psychodynamic Web-Based Self-Help Intervention Following Inpatient Psychotherapy: Results of a Feasibility Study and Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mental Health, 4(4), e41. https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.7889