Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Gümüşhane’de Yaşayan İnsanların Sel Risk Algısı

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 115 - 126, 10.04.2025
https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1422437

Öz

Sel tehlikesi insanlarda korku, panik, endişe ve depresyona neden olabilmektedir. Ayrıca, insanlar sel nedeniyle sürekli kendilerinin, ailelerinin, arkadaşlarının ve maddi varlıklarının zarar göreceğinden ve sel afetinin yönetilemeyeceğinden kaygı duyabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Gümüşhane il merkezinde yaşayan insanların sel risk algısını araştırmaktır. Kesitsel olarak tasarlanan bu çalışmada veriler 18 yaş ve üzeri bireylerden 2023 yılında Mayıs ve Haziran aylarında duygusal ve bilişsel olarak iki faktörden oluşan Sel Risk Algısı Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Çalışmaya katılan toplam 404 katılımcının 207’si kadın ve 234’ü 18-30 yaş aralığındadır. Verileri analiz etmek için doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, bağımsız örneklem t testi ve ANOVA analizi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar katılımcıların en fazla selin büyük bir maddi tehlike oluşturduğunu ve selin büyük bir yıkıma neden olabileceğinden endişe duyduklarına işaret etmiştir. Kadınların duygusal ve bilişsel sel risk algısı erkeklerin duygusal ve bilişsel sel risk algılarından daha yüksektir. Sel durumunda kendilerini koruyamayacaklarını ve başkalarına yardım edemeyeceklerini düşünen katılımcıların her iki faktörde de risk algıları daha yüksektir. Yaşadıkları yerin sele karşı güvenli olmadığını belirten katılımcıların hem duygusal hem de bilişsel sel risk algıları en yüksektir. Gümüşhane’de insanların sel durumunda kendilerini koruyabilmeleri ve başkalarına yardım edebilmeleri için eğitimler düzenlenmelidir. Bu çalışmanın Türkçe literatüre önemli derecede katkı sağlayacağı ve araştırma sonuçlarının sel risk algısı alanında çalışan yöneticilere ve bilim insanlarına fikir vereceği beklenmektedir.

Etik Beyan

Etik Kurul izni eklenmiştir

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Kaynakça

  • Akyüz, B. E. ve Çetin, E. İ. (2022). İnsani gelişme endeksi ve VIKOR yöntemine göre Türkiye'deki illerin sıralaması. Verimlilik Dergisi, (1), 60-77.
  • Becker, G., Aerts, J. C. ve Huitema, D. (2014). Influence of flood risk perception and other factors on risk‐reducing behaviour: a survey of municipalities along the Rhine. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 7(1), 16-30.
  • Bilgen, G., Balcı, E. ve Kalça, M. Y. (2022). Kastamonu Bozkurt ilçesinde 11.08. 2021 tarihinde meydana gelen sel felaketinin yerinde incelenmesi. Tasarım Mimarlık ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 2(1), 20-35.
  • Birkholz, S., Muro, M., Jeffrey, P. ve Smith, H. M. (2014). Rethinking the relationship between flood risk perception and flood management. Science of the Total Environment, 478, 12-20.
  • Bubeck, P., Botzen, W. J. W., Suu, L. T. T. ve Aerts, J. C. J. H. (2012). Do flood risk perceptions provide useful insights for flood risk management? Findings from central Vietnam. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 5(4), 295-302.
  • Duan, W., He, B., Nover, D., Fan, J., Yang, G., Chen, W. vd., (2016). Floods and associated socioeconomic damages in China over the last century. Natural Hazards, 82, 401-413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2207-2
  • Ekoh, S. S., Teron, L., Ajibade, I. ve Kristiansen, S. (2022). Flood risk perceptions and future migration intentions of Lagos residents. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 83, 103399.
  • Eryılmaz Türkkan, G., Hırca, T. (2021). The investigation of flood risk perception as a quantitative analysis from socio-demographic perspective. Natural Hazards, 106(1), 715-733.
  • Glaus, A., Mosimann, M., Röthlisberger, V. ve Ingold, K. (2020). How flood risks shape policies: flood exposure and risk perception in Swiss municipalities. Regional Environmental Change, 20, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01705-7
  • Gotham, K. F., Campanella, R., Lauve‐Moon, K. ve Powers, B. (2018). Hazard experience, geophysical vulnerability, and flood risk perceptions in a postdisaster city, the case of New Orleans. Risk Analysis, 38(2), 345-356.
  • Grothmann T. ve Reusswig F (2006) People at risk of flooding: Why some residents take precautionary action while others do not. Natural Hazards 38, 101–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-005-8604-6
  • Han, Z., ve Sharif, H. O. (2021). Analysis of flood fatalities in the United States, 1959–2019. Water, 13(13), 1871. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13131871
  • Heel B. F. ve Born R. (2020) Studying residents’ flood risk perceptions and sense of place to inform public participation in a Dutch river restoration project, Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, 17(1), 35-55. 10.1080/1943815X.2020.1799826
  • Hudson, P., Hagedoorn, L. ve Bubeck, P. (2020). Potential linkages between social capital, flood risk perceptions, and self-efficacy. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 11(3), 251- 262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-020-00259-w
  • Jonkman, S. N. ve Kelman, I. (2005). An analysis of the causes and circumstances of flood disaster deaths. Disasters, 29(1), 75-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0361-3666.2005.00275.x
  • Karagöz, Y. (2016). SPSS ve AMOS23 Uygulamalı istatistiksel analiz. Nobel yayınları, Ankara, Türkiye
  • Kesmodel, U. S. (2018). Cross‐sectional studies–what are they good for? Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 97(4), 388-393. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13331
  • Kellens, W., Zaalberg, R., Neutens, T., Vanneuville, W. ve De Maeyer, P. (2011). An analysis of the public perception of flood risk on the Belgian coast. Risk Analysis, 31(7), 1055-1068. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01571.x
  • Kömüşcü, A. U., Aksoy, M., Çelik, S., Ciba, Ö. F., Uğurlu, A., Turgu, E. ve Emel, Ü. N. A. L. (2021). 22 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde Giresun ve ilçelerinde meydana gelen şiddetli yağış ve sel olayının meteorolojik ve hidrometeorolojik analizi. Su Kaynakları, 6(1), 1-14.
  • Krejcie, R. V. ve Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
  • Lechowska, E. (2018). What determines flood risk perception? A review of factors of flood risk perception and relations between its basic elements. Natural Hazards, 94(3), 1341-1366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-018-3480-z
  • Liu, D., Li, M., Li, Y. ve Chen, H. (2022). Assessment of public flood risk perception and influencing factors: An example of Jiaozuo city, China. Sustainability, 14(15), 9475.
  • Liu, D., Li, Y., Shen, X., Xie, Y. ve Zhang, Y. (2018). Flood risk perception of rural households in western mountainous regions of Henan Province, China. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 27, 155-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.09.051
  • Mızrak, S., Özdemir, A. ve Aslan, R. (2021). Adaptation of hurricane risk perception scale to earthquake risk perception and determining the factors affecting women's earthquake risk perception. Natural Hazards, 109(3), 2241-2259.
  • Mızrak, S. ve Turan, M. (2023). Effect of individual characteristics, risk perception, self-efficacy and social support on willingness to relocate due to floods and landslides. Natural Hazards, 116(2), 1615-1637.
  • O'Neill, E., Brereton, F., Shahumyan, H. ve Clinch, J. P. (2016). The impact of perceived flood exposure on flood‐risk perception: The role of distance. Risk Analysis, 36(11), 2158-2186. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12597
  • Öztürk, E. ve Şahinöz, T. (2018). Afet ve acil durum kayıtlarından 50 yılın (1960-2010) analizi: Gümüşhane ili örneği. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 94-100.
  • Ponstingel, D. ve Lopez, C. W., Earl, R. A. (2019). Flood awareness among college students in flash flood alley: A case study of Texas State University in San Marcos, Texas, USA. Papers in Applied Geography, 5(3-4), 236-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/23754931.2019.1694966
  • Qasim, S., Khan, A. N., Shrestha, R. P. ve Qasim, M. (2015). Risk perception of the people in the flood prone Khyber Pukhthunkhwa province of Pakistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 14, 373-378.
  • Shah, A. M., Rana, I. A., Lodhi, R. H., Najam, F. A. ve Ali, A. (2023). Evacuation decision making and risk perception: flooded rural communities in Pakistan. Environmental Hazards, 23(1), 54-71.
  • Sönmez, M. E. ve Kesici, Ö. (2013). İklim değişikliği ve plansız şehirleşmenin Kilis şehrinde yol açtığı sel felaketleri. Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, 17(28), 57-77.
  • Trumbo, C. W., Peek, L., Meyer, M. A., Marlatt, H. L., Gruntfest, E., McNoldy, B. D. ve Schubert, W. H. (2016). A cognitive‐affective scale for hurricane risk perception. Risk Analysis, 36(12), 2233-2246.
  • URL 1, https://www.afad.gov.tr/aciklamali-afet-yonetimi-terimleri-sozlugu (Son Erişim: 25.02.2025)
  • URL 2, https://www.emdat.be/emdat_db/ (Son Erişim: 22.09.2023)
  • URL 3, https://www.undrr.org/media/48008/download (Son Erişim: 15.10.2023)
  • URL 4, https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=100&locale=tr (Son Erişim: 1.08.2023)
  • URL5, https://gumushane.afad.gov.tr/ (Son Erişim: 10.09.2023)
  • URL 6, https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/afad-turkiyenin-afet-risk-haritasini-cikardi (Son Erişim: 10.09.2023)
  • Wang, X. ve Cheng, Z. (2020). Cross-sectional studies: strengths, weaknesses, and recommendations. Chest, 158(1), 65-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.012
  • Wang, Z., Wang, H., Huang, J., Kang, J., Han, D. (2018). Analysis of the public flood risk perception in a flood-prone city: The case of Jingdezhen city in China. Water, 10(11), 1577. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10111577
  • Yari, A., Ostadtaghizadeh, A., Ardalan, A., Zarezadeh, Y., Rahimiforoushani, A. ve Bidarpoor, F. (2020). Risk factors of death from flood: Findings of a systematic review. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 18(2), 1643-1653
  • Yin, Q., Ntim-Amo, G., Ran, R., Xu, D., Ansah, S., Hu, J., Tang, H. (2021). Flood disaster risk perception and urban households’ flood disaster preparedness: The Case of Accra Metropolis in Ghana. Water, 13(17), 2328. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13172328

Flood Risk Perception of People Living in Gümüşhane

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 115 - 126, 10.04.2025
https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1422437

Öz

Flood hazard may causes fear, panic, anxiety and depression in people. In addition, people may constantly worry that they, their families, friends and material assets will be damaged due to the flood and that the flood will not be managed. The objective of this study is to investigate the flood risk perception of people living in Gümüşhane city center. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from individuals aged 18 and over in May and June 2023 using the Flood Risk Perception Scale, which consists of two factors: affective and cognitive flood risk perception. A total of 404 participants participated in the study, 207 of whom were female and 234 of whom were between the ages of 18 and 30. Confirmatory factor analysis, independent sample t-test and ANOVA analysis were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that the participants are most concerned that the flood poses a great financial danger and that the flood may cause great destruction. The affective and cognitive flood risk perception of women is higher than the affective and cognitive flood risk perception of men. Participants who think that they cannot protect themselves and help others in case of floods have higher risk perceptions in both factors. Both affective and cognitive flood risk perceptions of the participants who stated that their place of residence was not safe against flooding were the highest. Training should be organized in Gümüşhane so that people can protect themselves and help others in case of floods. It is expected that this study will contribute significantly to the Turkish literature and that the results of the research will give an idea to the managers and scientists working in the field of flood risk perception.

Kaynakça

  • Akyüz, B. E. ve Çetin, E. İ. (2022). İnsani gelişme endeksi ve VIKOR yöntemine göre Türkiye'deki illerin sıralaması. Verimlilik Dergisi, (1), 60-77.
  • Becker, G., Aerts, J. C. ve Huitema, D. (2014). Influence of flood risk perception and other factors on risk‐reducing behaviour: a survey of municipalities along the Rhine. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 7(1), 16-30.
  • Bilgen, G., Balcı, E. ve Kalça, M. Y. (2022). Kastamonu Bozkurt ilçesinde 11.08. 2021 tarihinde meydana gelen sel felaketinin yerinde incelenmesi. Tasarım Mimarlık ve Mühendislik Dergisi, 2(1), 20-35.
  • Birkholz, S., Muro, M., Jeffrey, P. ve Smith, H. M. (2014). Rethinking the relationship between flood risk perception and flood management. Science of the Total Environment, 478, 12-20.
  • Bubeck, P., Botzen, W. J. W., Suu, L. T. T. ve Aerts, J. C. J. H. (2012). Do flood risk perceptions provide useful insights for flood risk management? Findings from central Vietnam. Journal of Flood Risk Management, 5(4), 295-302.
  • Duan, W., He, B., Nover, D., Fan, J., Yang, G., Chen, W. vd., (2016). Floods and associated socioeconomic damages in China over the last century. Natural Hazards, 82, 401-413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-016-2207-2
  • Ekoh, S. S., Teron, L., Ajibade, I. ve Kristiansen, S. (2022). Flood risk perceptions and future migration intentions of Lagos residents. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 83, 103399.
  • Eryılmaz Türkkan, G., Hırca, T. (2021). The investigation of flood risk perception as a quantitative analysis from socio-demographic perspective. Natural Hazards, 106(1), 715-733.
  • Glaus, A., Mosimann, M., Röthlisberger, V. ve Ingold, K. (2020). How flood risks shape policies: flood exposure and risk perception in Swiss municipalities. Regional Environmental Change, 20, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-020-01705-7
  • Gotham, K. F., Campanella, R., Lauve‐Moon, K. ve Powers, B. (2018). Hazard experience, geophysical vulnerability, and flood risk perceptions in a postdisaster city, the case of New Orleans. Risk Analysis, 38(2), 345-356.
  • Grothmann T. ve Reusswig F (2006) People at risk of flooding: Why some residents take precautionary action while others do not. Natural Hazards 38, 101–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-005-8604-6
  • Han, Z., ve Sharif, H. O. (2021). Analysis of flood fatalities in the United States, 1959–2019. Water, 13(13), 1871. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13131871
  • Heel B. F. ve Born R. (2020) Studying residents’ flood risk perceptions and sense of place to inform public participation in a Dutch river restoration project, Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, 17(1), 35-55. 10.1080/1943815X.2020.1799826
  • Hudson, P., Hagedoorn, L. ve Bubeck, P. (2020). Potential linkages between social capital, flood risk perceptions, and self-efficacy. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 11(3), 251- 262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13753-020-00259-w
  • Jonkman, S. N. ve Kelman, I. (2005). An analysis of the causes and circumstances of flood disaster deaths. Disasters, 29(1), 75-97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0361-3666.2005.00275.x
  • Karagöz, Y. (2016). SPSS ve AMOS23 Uygulamalı istatistiksel analiz. Nobel yayınları, Ankara, Türkiye
  • Kesmodel, U. S. (2018). Cross‐sectional studies–what are they good for? Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica, 97(4), 388-393. https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.13331
  • Kellens, W., Zaalberg, R., Neutens, T., Vanneuville, W. ve De Maeyer, P. (2011). An analysis of the public perception of flood risk on the Belgian coast. Risk Analysis, 31(7), 1055-1068. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2010.01571.x
  • Kömüşcü, A. U., Aksoy, M., Çelik, S., Ciba, Ö. F., Uğurlu, A., Turgu, E. ve Emel, Ü. N. A. L. (2021). 22 Ağustos 2020 tarihinde Giresun ve ilçelerinde meydana gelen şiddetli yağış ve sel olayının meteorolojik ve hidrometeorolojik analizi. Su Kaynakları, 6(1), 1-14.
  • Krejcie, R. V. ve Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
  • Lechowska, E. (2018). What determines flood risk perception? A review of factors of flood risk perception and relations between its basic elements. Natural Hazards, 94(3), 1341-1366. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-018-3480-z
  • Liu, D., Li, M., Li, Y. ve Chen, H. (2022). Assessment of public flood risk perception and influencing factors: An example of Jiaozuo city, China. Sustainability, 14(15), 9475.
  • Liu, D., Li, Y., Shen, X., Xie, Y. ve Zhang, Y. (2018). Flood risk perception of rural households in western mountainous regions of Henan Province, China. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 27, 155-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2017.09.051
  • Mızrak, S., Özdemir, A. ve Aslan, R. (2021). Adaptation of hurricane risk perception scale to earthquake risk perception and determining the factors affecting women's earthquake risk perception. Natural Hazards, 109(3), 2241-2259.
  • Mızrak, S. ve Turan, M. (2023). Effect of individual characteristics, risk perception, self-efficacy and social support on willingness to relocate due to floods and landslides. Natural Hazards, 116(2), 1615-1637.
  • O'Neill, E., Brereton, F., Shahumyan, H. ve Clinch, J. P. (2016). The impact of perceived flood exposure on flood‐risk perception: The role of distance. Risk Analysis, 36(11), 2158-2186. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12597
  • Öztürk, E. ve Şahinöz, T. (2018). Afet ve acil durum kayıtlarından 50 yılın (1960-2010) analizi: Gümüşhane ili örneği. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1), 94-100.
  • Ponstingel, D. ve Lopez, C. W., Earl, R. A. (2019). Flood awareness among college students in flash flood alley: A case study of Texas State University in San Marcos, Texas, USA. Papers in Applied Geography, 5(3-4), 236-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/23754931.2019.1694966
  • Qasim, S., Khan, A. N., Shrestha, R. P. ve Qasim, M. (2015). Risk perception of the people in the flood prone Khyber Pukhthunkhwa province of Pakistan. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 14, 373-378.
  • Shah, A. M., Rana, I. A., Lodhi, R. H., Najam, F. A. ve Ali, A. (2023). Evacuation decision making and risk perception: flooded rural communities in Pakistan. Environmental Hazards, 23(1), 54-71.
  • Sönmez, M. E. ve Kesici, Ö. (2013). İklim değişikliği ve plansız şehirleşmenin Kilis şehrinde yol açtığı sel felaketleri. Doğu Coğrafya Dergisi, 17(28), 57-77.
  • Trumbo, C. W., Peek, L., Meyer, M. A., Marlatt, H. L., Gruntfest, E., McNoldy, B. D. ve Schubert, W. H. (2016). A cognitive‐affective scale for hurricane risk perception. Risk Analysis, 36(12), 2233-2246.
  • URL 1, https://www.afad.gov.tr/aciklamali-afet-yonetimi-terimleri-sozlugu (Son Erişim: 25.02.2025)
  • URL 2, https://www.emdat.be/emdat_db/ (Son Erişim: 22.09.2023)
  • URL 3, https://www.undrr.org/media/48008/download (Son Erişim: 15.10.2023)
  • URL 4, https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=100&locale=tr (Son Erişim: 1.08.2023)
  • URL5, https://gumushane.afad.gov.tr/ (Son Erişim: 10.09.2023)
  • URL 6, https://www.icisleri.gov.tr/afad-turkiyenin-afet-risk-haritasini-cikardi (Son Erişim: 10.09.2023)
  • Wang, X. ve Cheng, Z. (2020). Cross-sectional studies: strengths, weaknesses, and recommendations. Chest, 158(1), 65-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.012
  • Wang, Z., Wang, H., Huang, J., Kang, J., Han, D. (2018). Analysis of the public flood risk perception in a flood-prone city: The case of Jingdezhen city in China. Water, 10(11), 1577. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10111577
  • Yari, A., Ostadtaghizadeh, A., Ardalan, A., Zarezadeh, Y., Rahimiforoushani, A. ve Bidarpoor, F. (2020). Risk factors of death from flood: Findings of a systematic review. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, 18(2), 1643-1653
  • Yin, Q., Ntim-Amo, G., Ran, R., Xu, D., Ansah, S., Hu, J., Tang, H. (2021). Flood disaster risk perception and urban households’ flood disaster preparedness: The Case of Accra Metropolis in Ghana. Water, 13(17), 2328. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13172328
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyoloji (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ali Doğan 0000-0001-9383-7165

Salih Doğru 0000-0002-8426-7620

Nurcan Şimşek 0000-0003-2191-2204

Sefa Mızrak 0000-0002-3751-131X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 6 Nisan 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 10 Nisan 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Ocak 2024
Kabul Tarihi 30 Mart 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Doğan, A., Doğru, S., Şimşek, N., Mızrak, S. (2025). Gümüşhane’de Yaşayan İnsanların Sel Risk Algısı. Afet Ve Risk Dergisi, 8(1), 115-126. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1422437
AMA Doğan A, Doğru S, Şimşek N, Mızrak S. Gümüşhane’de Yaşayan İnsanların Sel Risk Algısı. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. Nisan 2025;8(1):115-126. doi:10.35341/afet.1422437
Chicago Doğan, Ali, Salih Doğru, Nurcan Şimşek, ve Sefa Mızrak. “Gümüşhane’de Yaşayan İnsanların Sel Risk Algısı”. Afet Ve Risk Dergisi 8, sy. 1 (Nisan 2025): 115-26. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1422437.
EndNote Doğan A, Doğru S, Şimşek N, Mızrak S (01 Nisan 2025) Gümüşhane’de Yaşayan İnsanların Sel Risk Algısı. Afet ve Risk Dergisi 8 1 115–126.
IEEE A. Doğan, S. Doğru, N. Şimşek, ve S. Mızrak, “Gümüşhane’de Yaşayan İnsanların Sel Risk Algısı”, Afet ve Risk Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 1, ss. 115–126, 2025, doi: 10.35341/afet.1422437.
ISNAD Doğan, Ali vd. “Gümüşhane’de Yaşayan İnsanların Sel Risk Algısı”. Afet ve Risk Dergisi 8/1 (Nisan 2025), 115-126. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1422437.
JAMA Doğan A, Doğru S, Şimşek N, Mızrak S. Gümüşhane’de Yaşayan İnsanların Sel Risk Algısı. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. 2025;8:115–126.
MLA Doğan, Ali vd. “Gümüşhane’de Yaşayan İnsanların Sel Risk Algısı”. Afet Ve Risk Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 1, 2025, ss. 115-26, doi:10.35341/afet.1422437.
Vancouver Doğan A, Doğru S, Şimşek N, Mızrak S. Gümüşhane’de Yaşayan İnsanların Sel Risk Algısı. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. 2025;8(1):115-26.