Taşkın Durumunda Akarsu Köprülerinde Basınçlı Akım Oyulmasının İncelenmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 148 - 165, 10.04.2025

Metin Yüksel Akıntürk Müsteyde Baduna Koçyiğit

https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1508332

Öz

Çalışma kapsamında temiz su ve basınçlı akım koşullarında orta ayağı olan, verevli köprü modeli altında ayak etrafında meydana gelen oyulma çukuru incelenmiştir. Deneylerde 15°’lik verevlik açısına sahip köprü tabliyesi ile oval bir orta ayak kullanılmış, üç farklı debi ve dört farklı yaklaşım akım derinliğinde oluşan basınçlı akım oyulmaları incelenmiştir. Deneyler basınçlı akım durumunda sadece düşey daralma oyulması, serbest akım durumunda sadece yerel oyulma ve basınçlı akım durumunda düşey daralma ile yerel oyulmanın birlikte meydana geldiği basınçlı akım oyulması olmak üzere üç grup halinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sadece tabliye olması durumunda maksimum düşey daralma oyulma derinliğinin debi değeri arttıkça arttığı, yaklaşım akım derinliğinin artmasıyla azaldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Serbest akım durumunda ayak etrafında meydana gelen maksimum yerel oyulma derinliğinin de debi ve yaklaşım akım derinliğiyle birlikte arttığı belirlenmiştir. Basınçlı akım durumunda meydana gelen basınçlı akım oyulması için de benzer sonuçlar elde edilmiş, artan debi ve azalan yaklaşım akım derinliklerinde maksimum oyulma çukuru derinliklerinin arttığı gözlemlenmiştir. Ayrıca basınçlı akım durumunda memba taban seviyesinin alçaldığı ve oyulma çukurunun küçük yaklaşım akım derinliklerinde yayvanlaştığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bu da meydana gelen çevrintilerin ve türbülansın sadece ayak etrafında değil tabliyenin memba tarafında da etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar ışığında küçük debilerde basınçlı akım oyulmasının düşey daralma ve yerel oyulma toplamlarına göre daha büyük olduğu ancak debi değeri arttıkça basınçlı akım oyulma değerinin daha küçük olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Akarsu Köprüleri, Basınçlı Akım, Köprü Ayakları, Maksimum Oyulma Derinliği, Oyulma, Taşkınlar

Investigation of Pressure Flow Scour at River Bridges During Flooding

Öz

Within the scope of the study, scour hole around the pier of a skewed bridge model was investigated under clear water and pressurized flow conditions. In the experiments, pressure bridge scour was examined at three different discharges and four approach flow depths using a bridge deck with a 15° skewness angle and an oval pier. The experiments were conducted in three groups as vertical contraction scour under pressure flow condition, local scour under free flow condition and pressure bridge scour under pressurized flow condition. It was observed that the maximum vertical contraction scour depth increased as discharge increased and decreased with increase in approach flow depth in the presence of only bridge deck. It was also noted that the maximum local scour depth increased with discharge and approach flow depth under free flow condition. Similar results were monitored under pressurized flow condition for bridge scour in which the maximum scour depth increased with increasing discharge and decreasing approach flow depths. Furthermore, it was noted that the upstream thalweg lowered and the scour hole became wider at small approach flow depths under pressurized flow condition. This showed that the observed vortices and turbulence were effective not only around the pier but also on the upstream of the deck. According to the results, it was shown that the maximum pressure flow scour depth was greater than the sum of the vertical contraction and local scour depths at small discharges, but as discharge increased, the maximum pressure flow scour depth decreased.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Floods, Maximum Scour Depth, Piers, Pressure Flow, River Bridges, Scour

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