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Hepatit B prevalansı ve aile içi bulaşım yolları

Year 2017, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 12 - 17, 24.04.2017
https://doi.org/10.17941/agd.315573

Abstract

Giriş ve Amaç: Hepatit B bulaştırıcılığı, yaygınlığı ve önlenebilirliği nedeniyle önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Kan ve seröz eksudalarda yoğunken tükürük, semen ve vajinal sekresyonlarda düşüktür. Bu nedenle günlük yaşam koşulları ile bulaş olmaz kabul edilir. Amacımız; HBsAg pozitif olgularda, toplu yaşam koşulları, sosyo kültürel alışkanlıklara göre, aile içi bulaş yollarını ve yaygınlığını incelemektir. Materyal ve Metod: Çalışmamızda inaktif HBsAg taşıyıcısı ve kronik hepatit B tanısı alan olgular ve birinci derecede yakınları hepatit B göstergeleri yönünden araştırıldı. Meslek, eğitim, diş tedavisi, kan transfüzyonu, geçirilmiş operasyon, doğum şekli, aynı eşyaları kullanma ve yakınlık derecelerisorgulandı. Bulgular: 820 hastanın %61.7’si erkek, %38.3’ü kadın ve %48.9’u 40 yaşın altında idi. İlk ve orta öğrenim eğitimi olanlar %37.4 ve %37.9 ile çoğunluğu oluşturmaktadır. Hastaların %61.5’i kentsel, %38.5’i kırsal kökenli ve yaklaşık dörtte birinin evinde 6 ve üzeri kişi yaşamaktadır. Tahmini bulaş yolları arasında diş tedavisi (%68.3) ilk sıradadır. Bunu hastanede yatış (%34.4), cerrahi girişim (%32.9), kan transfüzyonu (%19.3) ve %2.2 ile şüpheli ilişki izlemektedir. Hastaların aile üyelerinde hepatit B varlığına bakıldığında %44.1 ile ilk sırayı anneler almaktadır. Ortak eşya kullanımı değerlendirildiğinde %83.2 ile aynı havluyu kullanma ilk sıradadır. Bunu aynı tıraş bıçağını ve tırnak makasını kullanma izlemektedir. Ortak diş fırçası kullanımı yoktur. Sonuç: HBsAg pozitifliği erkeklerde ve kırsal kesimde daha fazladır. Diş tedavisi, cerrahi girişim, hastaneye yatışın HBsAg pozitifliğine etkisi vardır. Aile içi bulaş oranı fazladır ancak bulaş ortak eşya kullanımına bağlıdır denilemez. Ailede hepatit B varlığı aile bireylerinde HBsAg pozitifliğini artırmaktadır. Bundan dolayı bir bireyde HBsAg pozitifliği mevcutsa diğer aile bireylerinin aşılanması sağlanmalıdır.

References

  • 1. Ott JJ, Stevens GA, Groeger J, Wiersma ST. Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection: new estimates of age-specific HBsAg seroprevalence and endemicity. Vaccine 2012;30:2212-9. 2. Thomas D, Zoulim F. New challenges in viral hepatitis. Gut 2012;61:1- 5. 3. Jonas MM. Hepatitis B and pregnancy: an underestimated issue. Liver International 2009;29:133-9. 4. FitzSimmons D, Francois G, De Carli G, et al. Hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and other blood-borne infections in healthcare workers: guidelines for prevention and management in industrialised countries. Occup Environ Med 2008;65:446-51. 5. Ni YH. Natural history of hepatitis B virus infection. Pediatric perspective. J Gastroenterol 2011;46:1-8. 6. Toy M, Önder FO, Wörmann T, et al. Age- and region- specific hepatitis B prevalence in Turkey estimated using generalized linear mixed models: a systematic review. BMC Infect Dis 2011;12:337-49. 7. Demirpençe Ö, Tezcan SI, Değirmen E, et al. Batman Devlet Hastanesine başvuran kişilerde hepatit ve HIV serolojisinin sonuçları. Viral Hepatit Dergisi 2012;18:6-10. 8. Karabay O, Serin E, Tamer A, et al. Hepatitis B carriage and Brucella seroprevalence in urban and rural areas of Bolu province of Turkey: a prospective epidemiologic study. Turk J Gastroenterol 2004;15:11-3. 9. Gürkan Y, Toyran A, Aksoy A, et al. Evaluation of HBsAg and anti-HDV seroprevalance of patients who admitted to Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital between 2010 – 2013. Viral Hepat J 2013;19:148-51. 10. Dursun M, Ertem M, Yılmaz Ş, et al. Prevalance of hepatitis B infection in the southeastern region of Turkey: comparison of risk factors for HBV infection in rural and urban areas. J Infect Dis 2005;58:15-9. 11. Wasley A, Grytdal S, Gallagher K. Surveillance for Acute Viral Hepatitis-United States 2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2008;57:1-24. 12. Külah C, Cömert F, Özlü N, et al. Evaluation of serological markers, transaminase levels and HBV DNA in hepatitis B virus infections. Viral Hepatit Dergisi 2007;12:111-5. 13. Ott JJ, Stevens GA, Wiersma ST. The risk of perinatal hepatitis B virus transmission: hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) prevalence estimates for all World regions. BMC Infect Dis 2012;12:131. 14. Gönen İ. Kırsal kesimde gebelerde HBV ve HCV sıklığı. Viral Hepatit Dergisi 2011;17:66-8. 15. Hui AY, Hung LCT, Tse PCH, et al. Transmission of hepatitis B by 8 hepatitis research and treatment human bite- confirmation by detection of virus in saliva and full genome sequencing. J Clin Virol2005;33:254-6. 16. Lobato C, Tavares-Neto J, Rios-Leite M, et al. Intrafamilial prevalence of hepatitis B virus in Western Brazilian Amazon region: epidemiologic and biomolecular study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;21:863-8. 17. İnan N, Tabak F. Hepatitis B virus: Biology and life cycle. Viral Hepat J 2015;21:1-7. 18. Chang MH, Chen CJ, Lai MS, et al. Universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan

Prevalence and interfamily transmission pathways of hepatitis B virus

Year 2017, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 12 - 17, 24.04.2017
https://doi.org/10.17941/agd.315573

Abstract

Background and Aims: Hepatitis B is an important public health problem due to its transmittance, prevalence, and preventability. It is present at higher concentrations in blood than in saliva, semen, and vaginal secretions. In practice, infection is not transmitted under daily living conditions. Our purpose is to examine intrafamilial transmission and prevalence in HbsAg-positive cases and their families. Materials and Methods: HBsAg carriers, chronic Hepatitis B-infected patients, and their relatives were examined for hepatitis B indicators. Study participants were questioned about educational status, dental treatment, blood transfusions, operations, and type of birth. Results: Of the 820 patients in our study, 506 were male and 314 were female. Approximately half of the patients were under 40 years of age. Patients with primary and secondary education represented 37.4% and 37.9% of the sample, respectively. The estimated pathways of infection were as follows: dental treatment, 68.3%; hospital stay, 34.4%; surgical intervention, 32.9%; blood transfusion, 19.3%; and suspicious relationship, 2.2%. When hepatitis B was present in family members, mothers were the most frequently infected, representing 44.1%. Conclusion: In our study, HBsAg positivity was more common in men than in women and more common in the countryside than in urban areas. Risk factors such as dental treatment, surgical intervention, and hospitalization have an effect on HBsAg positivity. The rate of infection increases with intrafamilial usage of shared objects, but it cannot be stated that infection is completely based on shared object usage. The presence of hepatitis B within the family increases HBsAg positivity in other family members. Accordingly, when HBsAg positivity is present in a member of the family, other family members should be vaccinated.

References

  • 1. Ott JJ, Stevens GA, Groeger J, Wiersma ST. Global epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection: new estimates of age-specific HBsAg seroprevalence and endemicity. Vaccine 2012;30:2212-9. 2. Thomas D, Zoulim F. New challenges in viral hepatitis. Gut 2012;61:1- 5. 3. Jonas MM. Hepatitis B and pregnancy: an underestimated issue. Liver International 2009;29:133-9. 4. FitzSimmons D, Francois G, De Carli G, et al. Hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and other blood-borne infections in healthcare workers: guidelines for prevention and management in industrialised countries. Occup Environ Med 2008;65:446-51. 5. Ni YH. Natural history of hepatitis B virus infection. Pediatric perspective. J Gastroenterol 2011;46:1-8. 6. Toy M, Önder FO, Wörmann T, et al. Age- and region- specific hepatitis B prevalence in Turkey estimated using generalized linear mixed models: a systematic review. BMC Infect Dis 2011;12:337-49. 7. Demirpençe Ö, Tezcan SI, Değirmen E, et al. Batman Devlet Hastanesine başvuran kişilerde hepatit ve HIV serolojisinin sonuçları. Viral Hepatit Dergisi 2012;18:6-10. 8. Karabay O, Serin E, Tamer A, et al. Hepatitis B carriage and Brucella seroprevalence in urban and rural areas of Bolu province of Turkey: a prospective epidemiologic study. Turk J Gastroenterol 2004;15:11-3. 9. Gürkan Y, Toyran A, Aksoy A, et al. Evaluation of HBsAg and anti-HDV seroprevalance of patients who admitted to Ankara Numune Training and Research Hospital between 2010 – 2013. Viral Hepat J 2013;19:148-51. 10. Dursun M, Ertem M, Yılmaz Ş, et al. Prevalance of hepatitis B infection in the southeastern region of Turkey: comparison of risk factors for HBV infection in rural and urban areas. J Infect Dis 2005;58:15-9. 11. Wasley A, Grytdal S, Gallagher K. Surveillance for Acute Viral Hepatitis-United States 2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2008;57:1-24. 12. Külah C, Cömert F, Özlü N, et al. Evaluation of serological markers, transaminase levels and HBV DNA in hepatitis B virus infections. Viral Hepatit Dergisi 2007;12:111-5. 13. Ott JJ, Stevens GA, Wiersma ST. The risk of perinatal hepatitis B virus transmission: hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) prevalence estimates for all World regions. BMC Infect Dis 2012;12:131. 14. Gönen İ. Kırsal kesimde gebelerde HBV ve HCV sıklığı. Viral Hepatit Dergisi 2011;17:66-8. 15. Hui AY, Hung LCT, Tse PCH, et al. Transmission of hepatitis B by 8 hepatitis research and treatment human bite- confirmation by detection of virus in saliva and full genome sequencing. J Clin Virol2005;33:254-6. 16. Lobato C, Tavares-Neto J, Rios-Leite M, et al. Intrafamilial prevalence of hepatitis B virus in Western Brazilian Amazon region: epidemiologic and biomolecular study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;21:863-8. 17. İnan N, Tabak F. Hepatitis B virus: Biology and life cycle. Viral Hepat J 2015;21:1-7. 18. Chang MH, Chen CJ, Lai MS, et al. Universal hepatitis B vaccination in Taiwan
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Details

Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Bilge Baş

Publication Date April 24, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 16 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Baş, B. (2017). Hepatit B prevalansı ve aile içi bulaşım yolları. Akademik Gastroenteroloji Dergisi, 16(1), 12-17. https://doi.org/10.17941/agd.315573

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