HPV Vaccines

Year 2024, , 93 - 94, 30.10.2024

Mehmet Yasin Yüksel , Funda Ekimci Deniz

https://doi.org/10.61845/agrimedical.1572639

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a double-stranded DNA virus and a source of infection that primarily affects the skin and mucous membranes. It can be transmitted through sexual contact and contaminated surfaces. There are over 200 genotypes of HPV, approximately 40 of which infect the anogenital region. High-risk HPV types, such as HPV-16 and HPV-18, can lead to the development of various cancers, particularly cervical cancer. Factors that increase the risk of transmission include having multiple sexual partners, early initiation of sexual activity, and having an uncircumcised male partner. Low socioeconomic status, poor nutrition, immunosuppression, and co-infections with HIV, genital herpes, or chlamydia can result in persistent and severe HPV infection.

Three types of vaccines have been developed against HPV: bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent vaccines. The bivalent vaccine provides protection against HPV-16 and HPV-18; the quadrivalent vaccine is effective against HPV-16, HPV-18, as well as HPV-6 and HPV-11. The nonavalent vaccine offers the broadest protection, covering nine different types of HPV. All vaccines are approved for males and females aged 9 and older. Vaccination before the onset of sexual activity significantly increases protection against cervical cancer.

Keywords

hpv, vaccines, cervical cancer

HPV Aşıları

Abstract

Human papilloma virüsü (HPV), çift sarmallı bir DNA virüsü olup, özellikle deri ve mukozaları etkileyen bir enfeksiyon kaynağıdır. Cinsel yolla ve kontamine yüzeylerden bulaşabilir. HPV'nin 200'den fazla genotipi bulunmaktadır; bunlardan yaklaşık 40’ı anogenital bölgeyi enfekte eder. HPV-16 ve HPV-18 gibi yüksek riskli HPV tipleri, serviks kanseri başta olmak üzere çeşitli kanserlerin gelişimine yol açabilir. Çok sayıda cinsel partner, erken yaşta cinsel ilişkiye başlama, sünnetsiz erkek partner bulaşma riskini artırır. Sosyoekonomik düzeyin düşük olması, yetersiz beslenme, bağışıklık sisteminin baskılanması, HIV, genital Herpes, klamidya gibi enfeksiyonlarla birlikteliği kalıcı ve şiddetli HPV enfeksiyonuna neden olabilir.
HPV’ye karşı bivalan, kuadrivalan ve nonavalan olmak üzere üç farklı aşı türü geliştirilmiştir. Bivalan aşı, HPV-16 ve HPV-18’e karşı koruma sağlar; kuadrivalan aşı ise HPV-16 ve HPV 18’in yanında HPV-6 ve HPV-11’e karşı da etkilidir. Nonavalan aşı, en geniş kapsamlı korumayı sağlayarak HPV'nin dokuz farklı tipine karşı etkilidir. Tüm aşılar 9 yaş üzeri erkek ve kadınlar için onay almıştır. Aşılamanın cinsel aktivite başlamadan önce yapılması serviks kanserine karşı korumayı artırır.

Keywords

hpv, aşılar, servikal kanser

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