Uluslararası Politik Ekonomide Bir Dengeleme Aracı Olarak Asya Altyapı ve Yatırım Bankası

Year 2020, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 194 - 209, 08.05.2020

Mehmet Şahin

Abstract

Bu
çalışmada Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin (ÇHC) uluslararası politik ekonomide artan
etkinliği incelenecektir. Bu bağlamda 2016 yılında Çin tarafından kurulan Asya
Altyapı ve Yatırım Bankası (AIIB) mercek altına alınacaktır. Hem Batılı hem de
gelişmekte olan ülkeler alternatif bir finans kaynağı olmasından dolayı Çin’in
bu girişimini olumlu karşılamış ve üye olmuşlardır. Uluslararası Para Fonu
(IMF), Dünya Bankası, Asya Kalkınma Bankası gibi Amerika Birleşik Devletleri
(ABD) merkezli finansal kuruluşların aksine AIIB daha katılımcı bir kuruluş
olma iddiasındadır. Bir başka deyişle, her ne kadar ÇHC tarafından kurulmuş
olsa da sadece Çin’in değil, gelişmekte olan Asya ülkelerinin menfaatine de
hizmet etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu bakımdan Çin tarafından ABD merkezli
kuruluşların bilhassa yönetim şekillerine yöneltilen eleştiriler AIIB’de
giderilmeye çalışılmıştır. Buna ek olarak koşullu kredi sistemi de kaldırılarak
devletlerin egemenlikleri ilkesine uygun ilişkiler kurulmaktadır. Dolayısıyla
Çin, AIIB’yi sadece finansal bir kuruluş olarak değil, ABD merkezli kuruluşlara
alternatif bir yapı olarak düşünmektedir. Bu çalışmada Çin’in bu kuruluşu neden
ve nasıl alternatif olarak düşündüğü değerlendirilecektir.

Keywords

Asya Altyapı ve Yatırım Bankası, Uluslararası Politik Ekonomi, Çin Hegemonyası

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