Imagined Futures of post-Covid-19 Tourism in Antalya
Year 2023,
, 171 - 190, 01.03.2023
Hilal Erkuş
,
Pieter Terhorst
Abstract
The Covid-19 pandemic has led to a deep crisis in all tourism destinations in the world, and so did the sun-sea-sand tourism city of Antalya. Will it go ‘back to normal’ after the crisis or will the crisis trigger a significant change? Will it show an engineering or ecological resilience in the future on the one hand or an adaptive resilience on the other? Because the future is open, actors in the tourism industry face, like all actors, a radical uncertainty about it. Under these conditions, they can only ground their decisions on so-called fictional expectations. In this paper, we connect the ‘theory’ of resilience with fictional expectations and explore the expectations of tourism entrepreneurs, managers of tourism associations, and government officials in the tourism city of Antalya with a qualitative research approach based on in-depth interviews with leading hoteliers and discourses of tourism leaders in Antalya's tourism. Some expect a return to business as usual, some expect a continuation of changes set in before the crisis as engineering resilience, and others changes triggered by Covid-19 as adaptive resilience. In addition, Covid-19 has intensified collaboration between key actors to strengthen the city’s tourism industry in the future.
Supporting Institution
TÜBA Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi
Project Number
GEBİP 2018
Thanks
This work is supported by the GEBİP 2018 Award of Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA).
References
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- Pike, A., Dawley, S., & Tomaney, J. (2010). Resilience, adaptation and adaptability. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3(1), 59–70.
- Shackle, G.L.S. (1979). Imagination and the nature of choice. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
- Schumpeter, J.A. (1939). Business cycles. A theoretical, historical, and statistical analysis of the capitalist process. New York: McGraw Hill.
- Shiller, R.J. (2019). Narrative economics. How stories go viral & drive major economic events. Princeton/Oxford: Princeton University Press.
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Year 2023,
, 171 - 190, 01.03.2023
Hilal Erkuş
,
Pieter Terhorst
Project Number
GEBİP 2018
References
- Akerlof, G.A., & Shiller, R.J. (2009). Animal spirits. How human psychology drives the economy, and why it matters for global capitalism. Princeton/Oxford: Princeton University Press.
- Beckert, J. (2013). Imagined futures: Fictional expectations in the economy. Theory and Society, 42(3), 219–240.
- Beckert, J. (2016). Imagined futures, fictional expectations and capitalist dynamics. Cambridge, Ma., London: Harvard University Press.
- Beckert, J., & Bronk, R. (eds.) (2018). Uncertain futures. Imaginaries, narratives, and calculation in the economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Brakman, S., Garretsen, H., & Van Marrewijk, CH. (2015). Regional resilience across Europe: on urbanisation and the initial impact of the great recession. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 8(2), 225-240.
- Bristow, G., & Healy, A. (2014a). Regional resilience: An agency perspective. Regional Studies, 45(5), 923–935.
- Bristow, G., & Healy, A. (2014b). Building resilient regions: Complex adaptive systems and the role of policy intervention. Raumforschung und Raumordnung, 72(2), 93-102.
- Bristow, G., & Healy, A. (2015). Crisis response, choice and resilience: Insights from complexity thinking. Cambridge Journal of the Regions, Economy and Society, 8(2), 241-256.
- Brouder, P. (2020). Reset Redux: Possible evolutionary pathways towards the transformation of tourism in a Covid-19 world. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 484-490.
- Buultjens, J., Ratnayake, I., & Chammilka Gnanapala, A. (2015). From tsunami to recovery: the resilience of the sri lankan tourism industry. In B.W. Ritchie & K. Campiranon (eds.), Tourism Crisis and Disaster Management (pp. 132-148). Oxford/Boston: CABI7.
- Capello, R., Caragliuy, A., & Fratesi, U. (2015). Spatial heterogeneity in the costs of the economic crisis in Europe: Are cities sources of regional resilience? Journal of Economic Geography, 15(5), 951-972.
- Deep Sharma, G., Thomas, A., & Paul, J. (2021). Reviving tourism industry post-Covid-19: A resilience-based framework. Tourism Management Perspectives, 37(1), 1-22.
- Eraydin, A. (2016). The role of regional policies along with the external and endogenous factors in the resilience of regions. Cambridge Journal of the Regions, Economy and Society, 9(1), 217–234.
- Erkuş-Öztürk, H. (2011). Emerging importance of institutional capacity for the growth of tourism clusters: The case of Antalya. European Planning Studies, 19(10), 1735-1753.
- Erkuş-Öztürk, H., & Terhorst, P. (2012). Two-micro-models of tourism capitalism and (re)scaling of state-business relations. Tourism Geographies, 14(3), 494-523.
- Erkuş-Öztürk, H., & Terhorst, P. (2016). Innovative restaurants in a mass-tourism city: Evidence from Antalya. Tourism Management, 54, 477-489.
- Erkuş-Öztürk, H., & Terhorst, P. (2017). Tourism-firm differentiation and place differentiation in the sun-sea-sand tourism city of Antalya. Metu Journal of the Faculty of Architecture, 34(2), 181-202.
- Erkuş-Öztürk, H., & Terhorst, P. (2018). Economic diversification of a single-asset tourism city: Evidence from Antalya. Current Issues in Tourism, 20(4), 422-439. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2015.1091806
- Evans, R., & Karecha, J. (2014). Staying on top: Why is Munich so resilient and successful? European Planning Studies, 22(6), 1259–1279.
- Evenhuis, E. (2017). New directions in researching regional economic resilience and adaptation. Geography Compass, 11(11), 1-15.
- Formaki, A. (2021). Memory and forgetfulness in tourism crisis research. Tourism Management, 83(April), 104210.
- Giannakis, E., & A. Bruggeman (2017). Determinants of regional resilience to economic crisis: A European perspective. European Planning Studies, 28(8), 1394–1415.
- Gössling, S., Scott, D., & Hall, C.M. (2021). Pandemics, tourism and global change: A rapid assessment of Covid-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(1), 1-20.
- Gurtner, Y. (2007). Crisis in Bali: Lessons in tourism recovery. In E. Laws, B. Prideaux & K. Chon (eds.), Crisis Management in Tourism (pp. 81-97). Oxford/Boston: CABI.
- Hall, C. M, Scotte, D., & Gössling, S. (2020). Pandemics, transformations and tourism: Be careful what you wish for. Tourism Geographies, 22(3), 577-598.
- Higgins-Desbiolles, F. (2021). The “war over tourism”: Challenges to sustainable tourism in the tourism academy after Covid-19. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(4), 551-569.
- Kakderi, C., & Tasopoulou, A. (2017). Regional economic resilience: The role of national and regional policies. European Planning Studies, 25(8), 1435–1453.
- Knight, F.H. (1921). Risk, uncertainty and profit. Charleston: Nabu Press.
- Köhn, J. (2017). Uncertainty in economics, a new approach. Cham: Springer.
- Lew, A., Cheer, J., Brouder, P., Teoh, S., Balslev Clausen, H., Hall, M., et al. (Eds.) (2020). Visions of travel and tourism after the global COVID-19 transformation of 2020 [Special Issue]. Tourism Geographies, 22(3).
- Lucas, R.E. Jr. (1972). Expectations and the Neutrality of Money. Jr al of Economic Theory, 4(April), 103-124.
- Martin, R. (2012). Regional economic resilience, hysteresis and recessionary shocks. Journal of Economic Geography, 12(1), 1-32.
- Martin, R.L. (2018). Shocking aspects of regional development: Towards an economic geography of resilience. In G. L. Clark, M. P. Feldman, M. S. Gertler & D. Wójcik (eds.), The New Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography (pp. 839-871). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Martin, R., & Sunley, P. (2015). On the notion of regional economic resilience: Conceptualization and explanation. Journal of Economic Geography, 15(1), 1-42. doi: 10.1093/jeg/lbu015.
- Pike, A., Dawley, S., & Tomaney, J. (2010). Resilience, adaptation and adaptability. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 3(1), 59–70.
- Shackle, G.L.S. (1979). Imagination and the nature of choice. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
- Schumpeter, J.A. (1939). Business cycles. A theoretical, historical, and statistical analysis of the capitalist process. New York: McGraw Hill.
- Shiller, R.J. (2019). Narrative economics. How stories go viral & drive major economic events. Princeton/Oxford: Princeton University Press.
- Telenti, A., Arvin, A., Corey, L. et al. (2021). After the pandemic: Perspectives on the future trajectory of COVID-19. Nature, 596, 495–504. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03792-w
- Terhorst, P., & Erkuş-Öztürk, H. (2019). Resilience to the global and Turkish (geo)political crisis compared. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 110(2), 138–155.
- World Tourism Organization and International Labour Organization (2013). Economic Crisis, International Tourism Decline and its Impact on the Poor. Madrid: UNWTO.