Investigation of the potential use of Euphorbia latex as an insecticide in biological control against Dendroctonus micans

Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 38 - 44, 30.06.2021

Özlem Gülmez , Nurcan Albayrak İskender , Halil Şenol , Ömer Faruk Algur

Abstract

The latex of the Euphorbia plant was used in this study to find an effective and natural new insecticide in combating Dentroctonus micans (Kug.), Which causes great damage to Picea orientalis forests. For this purpose; Euphorbia plant was collected from Erzurum and species identification was made. According to the species identification, the spurge plant was determined to be Euphorbia virgata, and then its latex was obtained.
In this study; latex was applied in different concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 75%) to the experiment groups prepared as fifty D. micans larvae in each group and the experiment was repeated twice. As a result of the application, the LD50 value was found to be 0.196 µl / ml and the LD90 value was 0.354 µl / ml. Although E. virgata latex has a toxic effect on the larvae at any concentration, the mortality rate increased as the concentration amount increased. GC-MS analysis was performed to determine the latex content of E.virgata. According to GC-MS analysis, in latex content; there are terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, amines, fatty acids, steroids and various alcohols. These bioactive substances in E.virgata latex showed toxic effects on larvae.
As a result of the study, it was found that E. virgata latex can be used as a natural and effective insecticide in the fight against D. micans.

Keywords

Picea orientalis, Insecticidal, latex, Dentroctonus micans, Euphorbia virgata

References

• [1] H. Alkan-Akinci, M. Eroğlu, G.E. Özcan, ‘‘Attack strategy and development of Dendroctonus micans (Kug.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on oriental spruce in Turkey’’. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 38(1), 31-41 (2014).
• [2] B.S. Lindgren, K.F. ‘‘Raffa, Evolution of tree killing in bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): trade-offs between the maddening crowds and a sticky situation.’’ The Canadian Entomologist, 145(5), 471-495 (2013).
• [3] Y. Aksu, ‘‘Rhizophagus grandis Gyll. (Coleoptera: Rhizophagidae)’in biyolojisi, laboratuarda üretim yöntemleri, ormanlara salınması ve mücadele sonuçları. Türkiye I. Orman Entomolojisi ve Patolojisi Sempozyumu, Bildiriler, 23–25 Kasım Antalya, 73-79 (2011).
• [4] D. Habes, R. Messiad, et al., ‘‘Effects of an inorganic insecticide (boric acid) against Blattella germanica: Morphometric measurements and biochemical composition of ovaries’’. African Journal of Biotechnology, 12(18). (2013).
• [5] I. Azoui, N. Frah, B. Nia, ‘‘Insecticidal effect of Euphorbıa bupleuroides Latex on Blattella Germanica (Dıctyoptera: Blattellidae)’’ International Journal of Pure and Applıed Zoology, 4(3), 271-276 (2016).
• [6] W.A.P.P. De Silva, G.K. Manuweera, et al., ‘‘Insecticidal activity of Euphorbia antiquorum L. latex and its preliminary chemical analysis’’, Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka, 36(1). (2008).
• [7] P. Singh and A, Singh, Evaluation of latex extract of euphorbia royleana for its Piscicidal and Muricidal activities. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 8(5), 520-524 (2012).
• [8] A.A. Agrawal, K. ‘‘Konno, Latex: a model for understanding mechanisms, ecology, and evolution of plant defense against herbivory’’. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evol. Syst., 40, 311-331 (2009).
• [9] Y.Y. Deng, B. Qu, et al., ‘’Bioactive tigliane diterpenoids from the latex of Euphorbia fischeriana’’. Natural product research, 1-9 (2019).
• [10] K. Konno, ‘‘Plant latex and other exudates as plant defense systems: roles of various defense chemicals and proteins contained therein’’. Phytochemistry, 72(13), 1510-1530 (2011).
• [11] M.B. Pisano, et al., Biological activities of aerial parts extracts of Euphorbia characias. BioMed research international, (2016).
• [12] J. Hua, Y. Liu, et al., ‘‘Chemical profile and defensive function of the latex of Euphorbia peplus’’. Phytochemistry, 136, 56-64 (2017).
• [13] R. Rozimamat, N. Kehrimen, H.A. Aisa, New compound from Euphorbia alatavica Boiss. Natural product research, 33(3), 380-385 (2019).
• [14] F. Pintus, D. Spano, et al., Antityrosinase activity of Euphorbia characias extracts. PeerJ, 3, e1305 (2015).
• [15] M.P. Zalucki, S.B. Malcolm, Plant latex and first-instar monarch larval growth and survival on three North American milkweed species. J Chem Ecol. 25(8):1827–1842 (1999).
• [16] C. Rajkuberan, et al., Facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Euphorbia antiquorum L. latex extract and evaluation of their biomedical perspectives as anticancer agents. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 21(8), 911-919 (2017).
• [17] J. Mwine, et al., Evaluation of larvicidal properties of the latex of Euphorbia tirucalli L.(Euphorbiaceae) against larvae of Anopheles mosquitoes. (2010).
• [18] J.B. Vimal and S.S.M. Das, Euphorbia antiquorum latex and its mosquitocidal potency against Aedes aegypti. J. Entomol. Zool. Stud., 2: 267-269 (2014).
• [19] C. C. Mello-Silva et al., Carbohydrate metabolism alterations in Biomphalaria glabrata infected with Schistosoma mansoni and exposed to Euphorbia splendens var. hislopii latex. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 105(4), 492-495 (2010).
• [20] Rollando, et al., Sterculia quadrifida R. Br ethyl acetate fraction increases cisplatin cytotoxicity on T47D breast cancer cell. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 10(03), 204-212 (2018).
• [21] O. Kweon, et al., Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolic network in mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1. Journal of bacteriology, 193(17), 4326-4337 (2011).
• [22] M. Asif, ‘‘Pharmacological activities of various phthalazine and phthalazinone derivatives (2019).
• [23] I.K. Voukeng, et al., Antibacterial activities of the methanol extract, fractions and compounds from Elaeophorbia drupifera (Thonn.) Stapf. (Euphorbiaceae). BMC complementary and alternative medicine, 17(1), 1-9 (2017).
• [24] H. Meyer, et al., U.S. Patent No. 4,360,520. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. (1982).
• [25] P. Dinesha, et al., ‘‘Effect of varying 9-Octadecenoic acid (oleic fatty acid) content in biofuel on the performance and emission of a compression ignition engine at varying compression ratio’’. Biofuels, 9(4), 441-448 (2018).
• [26] A.T. Peana, P.S. D'Aquila, et al., ‘‘Anti-inflammatory activity of linalool and linalyl acetate constituents of essential oils.’’ Phytomedicine, 9(8), 721-726 (2002).
• [27] J.E. Heubi. K.D. Setchell, K.E. Bove, ‘‘Long-term cholic acid therapy in Zellweger spectrum disorders.’’ Case reports in gastroenterology, 12, 360-372 (2018).
• [28] M.F. Banjar G.A. Mohamed, et al., ‘‘Cycloschimperols A and B, new cytotoxic cycloartane triterpenoids from Euphorbia schimperi.’’ Phytochemistry Letters, 32, 90-95. (2019).
• [29] H. Chen, L. Chen, et al., ‘‘Synergistic effect of fenretinide and curcumin for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer’’ Cancer biology & therapy, 17(10), 1022-1029 (2016).
• [30] https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov