Macro and Trace Element Levels of Green Algae Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot 1889 From Dardanelles (Çanakkale/Turkey)

Year 2020, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 55 - 61, 30.12.2020

Hatice Banu Keskinkaya , Numan Emre Gümüş , Baran Aşıkkutlu , Cengiz Akköz , Emine Şükran Okudan , Serdar Karakurt

Abstract

Heavy metal pollution is one of the important pollution causes for water resources in the world. Algae can be used as an indicator species for the accumulation of heavy metals. Therefore, macro (Na, K, Mg, P, Ca, B) and trace element (Co, Cd, Cr,Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn) values were analyzed by ICP-OES in the species in our study.
In this study, we aimed to determine the element concentrations of Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot 1889 macroalgae collected from Dardanelles (Çanakkale-Turkey) coastal area (40°14'27.03"N 26°32'29.74"E during summer season in 2018. Elemental concentrations of C. fragile were determined as following order: Na>Ca>Mg>K>Fe>P>Mn>Pb>B>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cr>Co=Mo=Cd respectively in our study. We also found the Cd, Co and Mo elements below the limit values. In C.fragile, macro elements values were higher than the trace elements values. Fe is the most common trace element after macro elements in all algae samples. Fe trace element is followed by Mn and Pb elements.
We think that high metal concentrations in the Dardanelles affect the water quality negatively and may pose a threat to the living creatures living there, and we believe that serious measures should be taken to reduce continuous input in the Dardanelles, which has high shipping and tourism potential.

Keywords

Algae, Codium fragile, Dardanelles, Elemental composition, Heavy metal

Yeşil Alg Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot 1889 (Çanakkale/Türkiye)’in Makro ve İz Element Düzeyleri

Abstract

Ağır metal kirliliği, dünyadaki su kaynaklarının önemli kirlilik nedenlerinden biridir. Algler ağır metaller birikimi bakımından indikatör tür olarak kullanılabilir. Bundan dolayı çalışmadaki türümüzde makro (Na, K, Mg, P, Ca, B) ve eser elementlerin (Co, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Zn ) değerleri ICP-OES ile analiz edilmiştir.
Çalışmamızda, Çanakkale (Çanakkale-Türkiye) kıyı alanından (40 ° 14'27.03 "K 26 ° 32'29.74" D) 2018 yılı yaz sezonunda toplanan Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot 1889 (Cholorophyta) makroalg örneklerinin elementel konsantrasyonunu belirlemeyi amaçladık. Codium fragile elementel konsantrasyonları sırasıyla aşağıdaki gibi belirlenmiştir: Na> Ca> Mg > K> Fe> P> Mn> Pb> B> Zn> Cu> Ni> Cr> Co = Mo = Cd. Ayrıca Cd, Co ve Mo elementlerini sınır değerlerin altında bulduk. C.fragile alginde makro elementler eser elementlerden daha fazla miktarlarda bulunmuştur. Fe, tüm alg örneklerindeki makro elementlerden sonra en yaygın bulunan eser element olarak belirlenmiştir. Fe iz elementini Mn ve Pb elementleri takip etmiştir.
Çanakkale Boğazı'ndaki yüksek metal konsantrasyonlarının su kalitesini olumsuz etkilediğini ve orada yaşayan canlılar için tehdit oluşturabileceğini düşünüyor, denizcilik ve turizm potansiyeli yüksek Çanakkale Boğazı'nda sürekli girdiyi azaltmak için ciddi önlemler alınması gerektiğine inanıyoruz.

Keywords

Codium fragile, Alg, Ağır metal, Çanakkale, Element kompozisyonu

References

• Abdallah, M. A., and Abdallah, A. M. 2008. Biomonitoring study of heavy metals in biota and sediments in the South Eastern coast of Mediterranean sea, Egypt. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 146(1-3), 139-145.
• Ahmadpour, P., Ahmadpour, F., Mahmud, T.M.M., Abdu, A., Soleimani, M., and Tayefeh, F.H. 2012. Phytoremediation of heavy metals: A green technology. African Journal of Biotechnology. 11(76):14036-14043).
• Akcali, I., & Kucuksezgin, F. 2011. A biomonitoring study: heavy metals in macroalgae from eastern Aegean coastal areas. Marine pollution bulletin, 62(3), 637-645.
• Al-Homaidan, A., 2007. Heavy metal concentration in three species of green algae from the Saudi coast of the Persian Gulf. J. Food Agriculture Environment, 5(3-4): 345-358.
• Alp, M.T., Şen,B. and Özbay, Ö. 2011. Heavy Metal Levels in Cladophora glomerata which Seasonally Occurrence in the Lake of Hazar. Ecology,20(78), 13-17.
• Alp, M. T., Ozbay, O., and Sungur, M. A. 2012. Determination of Heavy Metal Levels in Sediment and Macroalgae (Ulva Sp. and Enteromorpha Sp.) on the Mersin Coast. Ecology, 21(82), 47-55.
• Atici, T.,Ahiska, S., Altindag, A, Aydin,D.2008. Ecological effects of some heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Hg, Cr) pollution of phytoplanktonic algae and zooplanktonic organisms in Sarýyar Dam Reservoir in Turke. African Journal of Biotechnology,7(12).
• Balkıs, N., Topcuoğlu, S., Güven, K.C., Öztürk, B., Topaloğlu, B., Kırbaşoğlu, Ç., Aksu, A. 2007. Heavy metals in shallow sediments from the Black Sea Marmara Sea and Aegean Sea Region of Turkey. J.Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment. 13:147-153.
• Batkı, H., Kücüksezgin, F., Uslu, O. 1999. Trace metal distribution in different chemical fractions of marine sediments along the Eastern Aegean Shelf. Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry 70: 243-258.
• Boran, M., Altınok, I. 2010. A review of heavy metals in water, sediment and living organisms in the Black Sea. Tukish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 10:565-572.
• Conti, M.E., G. Cecchetti. 2003. A biomonitoring study: trace metals in algae and molluscs from Tyrrhenian coastal areas. Environmental Research, 93: 99-112.
• Çetingül, V., Aysel, V., Kurumlu-Kuran, Y. 2000. Biochemical ınvestigation and heavy metal contents of Cladophora dalmatica Kütz. and Ceramium ciliatum (Ellis) Ducl. var. robustum (J.Ag.) from Aegean Sea (Turkish Coast). Turkish J. Marine Sciences. 6: 9–22.
• Dadolahi-Sohrab, A., Nabavi, A.N.S. M.B., Safahyeh, A., and Ketal-Mohseni, M. 2011. Environmental Monitoring of Heavy Metals in Seaweed and Associated Sediment from the Strait of Hormuz, IR Iran. World, 3(6), 576-589. Erakın, S. 2005. Deniz Alglerinde petrol kirliliği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
• Espinosa, F., Guerra-García, J.M., García-Gómez, J.C. 2007. Sewage pollution and exinction risk: an endangered limpet as bioindicator? Biodiversity and Conservation,16, 377-397.
• Foster, P. 1976. Concentrations and concentration factors of heavy metals in brown algae.Environmental Pollution.10(1), 45-53.
• Fowler, S.W. 1979. Use of marine algae as a reference material for pollutant monitoring and specimen banking. In: Luepke, N.P. (ed.). Monitoring Environmental Materials and Specimen Banking. Martinus Nijhoff, The Hague. (pp. 267-347).
• Güven, K.C., Topcuoğlu, S., Kut, D., Esen, N., Erentürk, N., Saygı, N., Cevher E., Güvener, B., 1992. Metal uptake by Black Sea Algae. Botanica Marina. 35–44: 337–340.
• Hoffman, R., Shemesh, E., Ramot, M., Dubinsky, Z., Pinchasov-Grinblat, Y., Iluz, D., 2011. First record of the Indo-Pacific seaweed Codium arabicum Kütz. (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta) in the Mediterranean Sea. Botanica Marina, 54(5), 487-495.
• Kamala-Kannan, S., Prabhu, B. Dass Batvari, K.L. Lee, N.Kannan, R. Krishnamoorthy, K. Shanthi and M. Jayaparakash 2008. Assessment of heavy metals (Cr, Cd and Pb) in water, sediments and seaweed (Ulva lactuca) in the Pulicat Lake, Southeast India. Chemosphere, 71(7): 1233-1240.
• Kut, D., Topçuoğlu, S., Esen, N., Küçükcezzar, R., Güven, K.C. 2000. Trace metals in marine algae and sediment samples from the Bosphorus. Water, Air and Soil Pollution 118: 27-33.
• Kuyucak, N., Valesky, B. 1986. Recovery of gold by a new biosorbent. Precious Met. Proc. Int. Conf, 10th, 211–216. Malea, P., S. Haritonidis. 1999. Metal content in Enteromorpha linza (Linnaeus) in Thermaikos Gulf (Greece). Hydrobiologia, 394: 103.
• Mavili, S. 2011. Distribution of Hydromedusae Population and Aglaura hemistoma Péron and Lesueur, 1810 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) in the surface layers (0-10 m) of Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea)., 1810 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)’nın Dağılımı. Ege Univ J Fish Aquat Sci, 28, 25-28.
• Nuhoğlu, Y, Malkoc, E., Gürses, A., Canpolat, N. 2002. Removal of Cu (II) From Aqueous solution by Ulothrix zonata. Bioresource Technolgy 85: 331–333.
• Olgunoğlu, M.P.P., S. Polat. 2007. Seasonal changes of heavy metals in two macroalgae species [Cystoseira corniculata (Phaeophyta), Laurencia papillosa (Rhodophyta)] in the Iskenderun Bay, (in Turkish). E.U. Journal of Fisheries&Aquatic Sciences, 24(1-2): 25-30.
• Özden, S. 2006. Çanakkale Boğazı’nda yaşayan bazı alg türlerinde ağır metal düzeylerinin birikimlerinin araştırılması. 59. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurultayı Bildiri Özetleri. Ankara 332- 333.
• Öy, E.,1940. Content of iron,copper, manganese and boron in seaweeds. Tidsskr, Kemi Bergv., 20,114-117. Rao, S.V.R. 1986. Cadmium accumulation in fiddler crabs Uca annulipes uptake of lead chromium, cadmium and cobalt by cladophora glomerata, International Journal Environment Studies, 27, 219-223.
• Sawidis, T., M.T. Brown, G. Zachariadis, I. Sratis. 2001. Trace metal concentrations in marine algae from different biotopes in the Aegean Sea. Environment International, 27: 43-47.
• Sukatar, A., İlkme, B. 1984. İzmir Körfezi Konak-Karşıyaka kıyı şeridindeki bazı alglerde bulunan iz elementlerin zamana bağımlı periyodik değişimlerinin saptanması. Ege Denizi ve Civarı Kıyılarının Korunması Sempozyumu. 28- 29.
• Süren, E., Yılmaz, S., Türkoğlu M., Kaya, S. 2007. Concentrations of cadmium and lead heavy metals in dardanelles seawater. Environ. Monit. Assess., 125: 91-98.
• Villares, R., Puente, X., and Carballeira, A. 2001. Ulva and Enteromorpha as indicators of heavy metal pollution. Hydrobiologia, 462(1-3), 221-232.
• Tanyolaç, J. 2009. Limnology: Fresh Water Science, Hatiboğlu Publishing.
• Taylan, B., and Hoşsucu, B. 2008. Abundance and Distribution of Teleost Fish Postlarva in the Bay of Izmir. Ege Univ J Fish Aquat Sci, 25(3) , 197-202.
• Topçuoğlu, S., Kılıç, Ö., Belivermiş, M., Ergül, H.A. and Kalaycı, G. 2010. Use of Marine Algae as Biological Indicator of Heavy Metal Pollution in Turkish Marine Environment. Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment. 16(1): 43-52.
• Topçuoğlu, S., Güven, K.C., Kırbaşoğlu, Ç., Güngör, N., Ünlü, S., Yılmaz, Z. 2001. Heavy metals in marine algae from Şile in the Black Sea. Bulletion Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 67: 288–294.
• Topçuoğlu, S Kırbaşoğlu, Ç., Güngör, N. 2002. Heavy Metals in organisms and sediments from Turkish Coast of the Black Sea 1997–1998. Environment International 27: 521–526.
• Topçuoğlu, S., Kırbaşoğlu, Ç., Yılmaz, Y.Z. 2004. Heavy metal levels in biota and sediments in the Northern Coast of the Marmara Sea. Environmental Monitoring and Assesment 96: 183-189.
• Tüzen, M., Verep, B., Öğretmen, Ö.A., and Soylak, M. 2009. Trace Element Content in Marine Algae Species from the Black Sea, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 151: 363-368.
• Üstünada, M , Erdugan, H , Aysel, V , Akgül, R . 2011. Codium fragile subsp. fragile (Suringar) Hariot ve Cystoseira barbata (Stackhouse) C. Agardh (Çanakkale Boğazı, Türkiye) Taksonlarında Bazı Ağır Metallerin Mevsimsel Değişimi . Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Eğirdir Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Dergisi , 7 (1) , 5-17.