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PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE SAPIR-WHORF HYPOTHESIS

Year 2025, Issue: 1, 11 - 20, 31.03.2025

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı tartışmalı Sapir-Whorf Hipotezinin felsefi alt yapısını ortaya koymaktır. Antik Çağ düşünce dünyasından günümüze değin insanın iki özgül yetisi olarak ele alınan dil ve düşünce arasındaki bağlantı, üzerinde birçok görüş ortaya atılan felsefi bir sorundur. Günümüzde Benjamin Lee Whorf ve hocası Edward Sapir tarafından ortaya koyulan Sapir-Whorf Hipotezi olarak bilinen görüş -yaygın bilinenin aksine- derin felsefi alt yapısı olan disiplinler arası bir varsayımdır. İlk kez Herodot, Mısırlıların yazım sistemlerinin Yunanlılardan farklı olmasından dolayı farklı davranış tarzları sergilediklerini iddia etmiş, böylece dilsel görelilik ilkesinin temelini atmıştır. Sonraki yüzyıllarda Francis Bacon, dilsel yapılardaki farklılıkların bilim ve sanatta farklı gelişmelere neden olduğunu öne sürerek dilsel görelilik ilkesine değinmiştir. Descartes rasyonalizmine karşı Locke; Kant’ın doğuştancı görüşüne karşı ise Hamann dilsel göreliliği savunmuştur. Hamann’ın ardından Herder tarafından geliştirilen dilsel görelilik ilkesi Humboldt’la daha sistemli hale getirilmiştir. Dilsel görelilik ilkesi, bir dilin dil bilgisel yapısı ile kelime dağarcığının o dili konuşanların dış dünyaya ilişkin algı ve düşüncelerini etkilediğini ya da belirlediğini temel alan Sapir-Whorf Hipotezine dönüşmüştür. Bu çalışmada, günümüzde çok tartışılan ve kısmen kabul gören bu hipotezin derin bir felsefi alt yapısı olduğu ortaya koyulmuştur.

References

  • Aarsleff, H. (1982). From Locke to Saussure: Essays on the Study of Language and Intellectual History. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Brysbaert, M., Fias, W. & Noel, M. P. (1998). “The Whorfian Hypothesis and Numerical Cognition: Is ‘Twenty-Four’ Processed in the Same Way as ‘Four-and-Twenty’?”. Cognition, 66, 51–77.
  • Cibelli, E., Xu Y., Austerweil J. L., Griffiths T. L. & Regier, T. (2016). “The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis and Probabilistic Inference: Evidence from the Domain of Color”. PLoS ONE, 11 (7), 1-28.
  • Crawford, T. D. (1982). “Plato's Reasoning and The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis”. Metaphilosophy 13 (3/4), 217-227.
  • Currie, I. D. (1966). “The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: A Problem in the Sociology of Knowledge”. Berkeley Journal of Sociology, 11, 14-31.
  • Daşdemir, Y. (2024). Wilhelm von Humboldt’da Dil-Düşünce İlişkisi. (Unpublished Phd Thesis). Erzurum: Atatürk University Graduate School of Social Sciences.
  • Fee, M. (2003). “The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis and the Contemporary Language and Literary Revival among the First Nations in Canada”. International Journal of Canadian Studies, 27, 199-208.
  • Fishman, J. A. (1980). "The Whorfian Hypothesis: Varieties of Valuation, Confirmation and Disconfirmation: I". International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 26, 25-40.
  • Forster, M. N. (2011). German Philosophy of Language: From Schlegel to Hegel and Beyond. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Freund, M. (2017). “Wilhelm von Humboldt”. In M. Cameron, B. Hill & R. J. Stainton (Eds.), Sourcebook in the History of Philosophy of Language: Primary Source Texts from the Pre-Socratics to Mill (pp. 963-1027). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Fromkin, V., Rodman, R. & Hyams, N. (2007). An Introduction to Language. (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth.
  • Humboldt, W. v. (1973). Schriften zur Sprache. Stuttgart: Philipp Reclam jun.
  • Humboldt, W. v. (1988). On Language: The Diversity of Human Language-Structure and Its Influence on the Mental Development of Mankind. (Trans.: Peter Heath). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hunt, E. & Agnoli, F. (1991). “The Whorfian Hypothesis: A Cognitive Psychology Perspective”. Psychological Review, 98 (3), 377-389.
  • Jinandi Chathurya, P. W. B. “Supporting and Refuting Whorf: An Analysis of Selected Evidences of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis” [Paper], International Conference On Business Innovation (ICOBI), (November 2019), Colombo.
  • Kay, P. & Kempton, W. (1984). “What Is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?”. American Anthropologist, 86 (1), 65-79.
  • Koerner, E. F. K. (1992). “The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: A Preliminary History and a Bibliographical Essay”. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 2 (2), 173-198.
  • Koparan, C. (2020). “Subversion and the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis in Contemporary Science Fiction”. Journal of Science Fiction and Philosophy, 3, 1-19.
  • Latkowska, J. (2015). “How Relevant is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis to Contemporary Psycholinguistic Research?”. Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition, 1 (1), 7–26.
  • Li, J. (2022). “Relationship Between Language and Thought: Linguistic Determinism, Independence, or Interaction?”. Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 6 (5), 32-37.
  • Lucy, J. A. (1997). “Linguistic Relativity”. Annual Review of Anthropology, 26, 291-312.
  • Michael, L. (2002). “Reformulating the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: Discourse, Interaction, and Distributed Cognition”. Texas Linguistic Forum, 45, 107-116.
  • Pable, A. (2020). “Integrating Linguistic Relativity”. Language & Communication, 75, 94-102.
  • Pae, H. K. (2012). “Linguistic Relativity Revisited: The Interaction between L1 and L2 in Thinking, Learning, and Production”. Psychology, 3 (1), 49-56.
  • Pavlenko, A. (2016). “Whorf’s Lost Argument: Multilingual Awareness”. Language Learning 66 (3), 581–607.
  • Penn, J. M. (1972). Linguistic Relativity versus Innate Ideas: The Origins of the Sapir- Whorf Hypothesis in German Thought. The Hague: Mouton.
  • Perlovsky, L. (2009). “Language and Emotions: Emotional Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis”. Neural Networks, 22, 518-526.
  • Sapir, E. (1949). Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. New York: A Harvest Book.
  • Sawin, G. (1987). “Investigating the Whorf Hypothesis”. ETC: A Review of General Semantics, 44 (3), 293-294.
  • Stam, J. H. (1977). “The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis in Historical Perspective”. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 291, 306-316.
  • Umoh, U. E. & Udoh, I. G. (2011). “The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis and the Conceptualisation of Peace Using Adjectives”. Journal of Conflictology, 2 (2), 7-17.
  • van Troyer, G. (1994). “Linguistic Determinism and Mutability: The Sapir-Whorf ‘Hypothesis’ and Intercultural Communication”. JALT Journal, 16 (2), 163-178.
  • Wang, X. (2017). “A Critical Review on the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis”. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 4 (8), 21-22.
  • Whorf, B. L. (1944). “The Relatıon of Habitual Thought and Behavior to Language”. ETC: A Review of General Semantics, 1 (4), 197-215.
  • Whorf, B. L. (1952). “Language, Mind, and Reality”. ETC: A Review of General Semantics, 9 (3), 167-188. Yule, G. (2020). The Study of Language (7th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Sapir-Whorf Hipotezinin Felsefi Temelleri

Year 2025, Issue: 1, 11 - 20, 31.03.2025

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı tartışmalı Sapir-Whorf Hipotezinin felsefi alt yapısını ortaya koymaktır. Antik Çağ düşünce dünyasından günümüze değin insanın iki özgül yetisi olarak ele alınan dil ve düşünce arasındaki bağlantı, üzerinde birçok görüş ortaya atılan felsefi bir sorundur. Günümüzde Benjamin Lee Whorf ve hocası Edward Sapir tarafından ortaya koyulan Sapir-Whorf Hipotezi olarak bilinen görüş -yaygın bilinenin aksine- derin felsefi alt yapısı olan disiplinler arası bir varsayımdır. İlk kez Herodot, Mısırlıların yazım sistemlerinin Yunanlılardan farklı olmasından dolayı farklı davranış tarzları sergilediklerini iddia etmiş, böylece dilsel görelilik ilkesinin temelini atmıştır. Sonraki yüzyıllarda Francis Bacon, dilsel yapılardaki farklılıkların bilim ve sanatta farklı gelişmelere neden olduğunu öne sürerek dilsel görelilik ilkesine değinmiştir. Descartes rasyonalizmine karşı Locke; Kant’ın doğuştancı görüşüne karşı ise Hamann dilsel göreliliği savunmuştur. Hamann’ın ardından Herder tarafından geliştirilen dilsel görelilik ilkesi Humboldt’la daha sistemli hale getirilmiştir. Dilsel görelilik ilkesi, bir dilin dil bilgisel yapısı ile kelime dağarcığının o dili konuşanların dış dünyaya ilişkin algı ve düşüncelerini etkilediğini ya da belirlediğini temel alan Sapir-Whorf Hipotezine dönüşmüştür. Bu çalışmada, günümüzde çok tartışılan ve kısmen kabul gören bu hipotezin derin bir felsefi alt yapısı olduğu ortaya koyulmuştur.

References

  • Aarsleff, H. (1982). From Locke to Saussure: Essays on the Study of Language and Intellectual History. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Brysbaert, M., Fias, W. & Noel, M. P. (1998). “The Whorfian Hypothesis and Numerical Cognition: Is ‘Twenty-Four’ Processed in the Same Way as ‘Four-and-Twenty’?”. Cognition, 66, 51–77.
  • Cibelli, E., Xu Y., Austerweil J. L., Griffiths T. L. & Regier, T. (2016). “The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis and Probabilistic Inference: Evidence from the Domain of Color”. PLoS ONE, 11 (7), 1-28.
  • Crawford, T. D. (1982). “Plato's Reasoning and The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis”. Metaphilosophy 13 (3/4), 217-227.
  • Currie, I. D. (1966). “The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: A Problem in the Sociology of Knowledge”. Berkeley Journal of Sociology, 11, 14-31.
  • Daşdemir, Y. (2024). Wilhelm von Humboldt’da Dil-Düşünce İlişkisi. (Unpublished Phd Thesis). Erzurum: Atatürk University Graduate School of Social Sciences.
  • Fee, M. (2003). “The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis and the Contemporary Language and Literary Revival among the First Nations in Canada”. International Journal of Canadian Studies, 27, 199-208.
  • Fishman, J. A. (1980). "The Whorfian Hypothesis: Varieties of Valuation, Confirmation and Disconfirmation: I". International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 26, 25-40.
  • Forster, M. N. (2011). German Philosophy of Language: From Schlegel to Hegel and Beyond. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Freund, M. (2017). “Wilhelm von Humboldt”. In M. Cameron, B. Hill & R. J. Stainton (Eds.), Sourcebook in the History of Philosophy of Language: Primary Source Texts from the Pre-Socratics to Mill (pp. 963-1027). Switzerland: Springer International Publishing.
  • Fromkin, V., Rodman, R. & Hyams, N. (2007). An Introduction to Language. (8th ed.). Boston, MA: Thomson Wadsworth.
  • Humboldt, W. v. (1973). Schriften zur Sprache. Stuttgart: Philipp Reclam jun.
  • Humboldt, W. v. (1988). On Language: The Diversity of Human Language-Structure and Its Influence on the Mental Development of Mankind. (Trans.: Peter Heath). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hunt, E. & Agnoli, F. (1991). “The Whorfian Hypothesis: A Cognitive Psychology Perspective”. Psychological Review, 98 (3), 377-389.
  • Jinandi Chathurya, P. W. B. “Supporting and Refuting Whorf: An Analysis of Selected Evidences of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis” [Paper], International Conference On Business Innovation (ICOBI), (November 2019), Colombo.
  • Kay, P. & Kempton, W. (1984). “What Is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?”. American Anthropologist, 86 (1), 65-79.
  • Koerner, E. F. K. (1992). “The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: A Preliminary History and a Bibliographical Essay”. Journal of Linguistic Anthropology, 2 (2), 173-198.
  • Koparan, C. (2020). “Subversion and the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis in Contemporary Science Fiction”. Journal of Science Fiction and Philosophy, 3, 1-19.
  • Latkowska, J. (2015). “How Relevant is the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis to Contemporary Psycholinguistic Research?”. Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition, 1 (1), 7–26.
  • Li, J. (2022). “Relationship Between Language and Thought: Linguistic Determinism, Independence, or Interaction?”. Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 6 (5), 32-37.
  • Lucy, J. A. (1997). “Linguistic Relativity”. Annual Review of Anthropology, 26, 291-312.
  • Michael, L. (2002). “Reformulating the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis: Discourse, Interaction, and Distributed Cognition”. Texas Linguistic Forum, 45, 107-116.
  • Pable, A. (2020). “Integrating Linguistic Relativity”. Language & Communication, 75, 94-102.
  • Pae, H. K. (2012). “Linguistic Relativity Revisited: The Interaction between L1 and L2 in Thinking, Learning, and Production”. Psychology, 3 (1), 49-56.
  • Pavlenko, A. (2016). “Whorf’s Lost Argument: Multilingual Awareness”. Language Learning 66 (3), 581–607.
  • Penn, J. M. (1972). Linguistic Relativity versus Innate Ideas: The Origins of the Sapir- Whorf Hypothesis in German Thought. The Hague: Mouton.
  • Perlovsky, L. (2009). “Language and Emotions: Emotional Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis”. Neural Networks, 22, 518-526.
  • Sapir, E. (1949). Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech. New York: A Harvest Book.
  • Sawin, G. (1987). “Investigating the Whorf Hypothesis”. ETC: A Review of General Semantics, 44 (3), 293-294.
  • Stam, J. H. (1977). “The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis in Historical Perspective”. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 291, 306-316.
  • Umoh, U. E. & Udoh, I. G. (2011). “The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis and the Conceptualisation of Peace Using Adjectives”. Journal of Conflictology, 2 (2), 7-17.
  • van Troyer, G. (1994). “Linguistic Determinism and Mutability: The Sapir-Whorf ‘Hypothesis’ and Intercultural Communication”. JALT Journal, 16 (2), 163-178.
  • Wang, X. (2017). “A Critical Review on the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis”. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 4 (8), 21-22.
  • Whorf, B. L. (1944). “The Relatıon of Habitual Thought and Behavior to Language”. ETC: A Review of General Semantics, 1 (4), 197-215.
  • Whorf, B. L. (1952). “Language, Mind, and Reality”. ETC: A Review of General Semantics, 9 (3), 167-188. Yule, G. (2020). The Study of Language (7th ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Philosophy of Language
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Yavuz Daşdemir 0000-0003-4770-5692

Early Pub Date March 28, 2025
Publication Date March 31, 2025
Submission Date February 24, 2025
Acceptance Date March 24, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Daşdemir, Y. (2025). PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE SAPIR-WHORF HYPOTHESIS. Anadolu Felsefe Dergisi(1), 11-20.

AJP © 2025 by Mustafa Bingöl is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International


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