TÜRKİYE’NİN 100. YILINDA ULUSLARARASI İKLİM POLİTİKALARI

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 10 Sayı: Cumhuriyet Özel Sayısı, 319 - 345, 29.10.2023

Ezgi Kovancı

https://doi.org/10.58884/akademik-hassasiyetler.1350652

Öz

İklim değişikliği küresel düzeyde acil hassasiyet gerektiren ve tüm ülkelerin önlem alması gereken bir kriz haline gelmiştir. Kırılgan olarak nitelendirilen bazı coğrafyalar ve ülkeler iklim krizinin etkilerini daha derin hissetmekte ve sonuçlarıyla daha ağır bir şekilde yüzleşmektedirler. İklim krizinden sorumlu olanlar ve iklim krizinin etkilerinden olumsuz etkilenen aynı kümede olmamasına karşın iklim krizine karşı alınacak önlemlerin küresel olması elzemdir. Bu doğrultuda uluslararası anlamda Birleşmiş Milletler öncülüğünde iklim değişikliği gündeme alınmış ve somut adımlar atılmaya başlanmıştır. Birleşmiş Milletler İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesiyle başlayan süreç Kyoto Protokolü ve Paris Anlaşması'yla en önemli üçlü sac ayağının kurulmasını beraberinde getirmiştir. Türkiye Akdeniz havzasında yer alan bir ülke olarak iklim değişikliğinin etkilerini en derinden hisseden ülkelerin başında gelmektedir. Yakın zamanlarda Paris Anlaşmasını imzalayarak yürürlüğe koyan ve katkı beyanını güncelleyen Türkiye 2053 yılı için sıfır karbon bir ülke olma hedefinde olduğunu beyan etmiştir. Türkiye'nin uluslararası iklim politikalarının tarihsel süreçten günümüze değin nasıl şekillendiği çalışmada ele alınmıştır. Atılan adımlara karşın Türkiye'nin fosil yakıta dayalı politikaları ile yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına henüz yönelememiş olması ise hedefinden uzak olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda Türkiye'nin yüzüncü yılında iklim yasasını çıkarıp, sıfır karbon bir ülke olma yolundaki uygulaması gereken azaltma ve uyum çalışmalarıyla uluslararası iklim politikalarına nasıl uyumlu hale gelebileceğine çalışmada yer verilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İklim değişikliği, Uluslararası iklim politikaları, Paris Anlaşması, Sıfır Karbon Emisyonu, Ulusal Katkı Beyanı

INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES OF TÜRKİYE IN ITS 100TH YEAR

Öz

Climate change has escalated into a global crisis requiring urgent attention from all countries. While some regions and nations, labelled as vulnerable, experience the profound impacts of this crisis more intensely, it's essential to note that those responsible for causing climate change and those negatively affected by its consequences might not be the same. Regardless of these differences, global measures are crucial to effectively address the crisis. In this context, the international community, led by the United Nations, has taken concrete steps to tackle climate change.
Initiated with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the process led to the establishment of the three crucial pillars with the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement. Türkiye, being a country located within the Mediterranean basin, is among those most acutely affected by the impacts of climate change. Despite its recent efforts such as signing and implementing the Paris Agreement and updating its nationally determined contributions, Türkiye’s continued reliance on fossil fuels indicates a misalignment with sustainability goals. Despite the strides taken, the fact that Türkiye has not yet shifted towards renewable energy sources due to its fossil fuel-based policies suggests that there is still a long way to go. Therefore, the study explores how Türkiye can harmonize with international climate policies by enacting a climate law and implementing mitigation and adaptation efforts on its journey towards net zero carbon emissions by its centennial year.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Climate Change, International Climate Policies, Zero Carbon Emissions, Nationally Determined Contributions, Paris Agreement

Kaynakça

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