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A Research On The Effectiveness Of Communication Strategies Applied In Crisis Management

Year 2021, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 92 - 106, 15.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.17550/akademikincelemeler.737850

Abstract

Evidence-based research data is required to identify valid and reliable crisis communication strategies in crisis management. This can be revealed by understanding how those affected by a crisis situation react to crisis communication strategies. In this research conducted on 301 people, it was found out how the emotional, intellectual and behavioral relationships of the affected people with the organization responsible for the crisis changed during and after the crisis. According to research data; positive correlations were found between trust in organizations and perceptions about the cause of the crisis, between taking responsibility in the crisis and maintaining relations after the crisis, between the corporate reputation and the preventability of the crisis situation, neglect and accusation situation. According to the results of the research, those affected by the crisis are not interested in how the crisis situation arises, but in the messages given to the solution of the crisis and to reduce the damages. The lack of responsibility and denial in the crisis adversely affects trust, corporate reputation, emotional and behavioral intentions.

References

  • Aydın, A.F. (2019). Kurumsal Markalar Açısından Kriz İletişiminin Önemi: Pınar Krizi Örneği, BAİBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt: 19, Sayı 4, 1169-1188.
  • Benoit, W. L. (1997). Image repair discourse and crisis communication, Public Relations Review 23(2), 177–186.
  • Brown, K. A. & White, C. L. (2010). Organization-public relationships and crisis response strategies: Impact on attribution of responsibility, Journal of Public Relations Research 23(1), 75–92.
  • Brown, K. A. & Ki, E-J. (2013). Developing a Valid and Reliable Measure of Organizational Crisis Responsibility, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 90(2), 363–384.
  • Carone, A. & Lorio, L.D. (2013). Crisis management: An extended reference framework for decision makers, Journal of Business Continuity & Emergency Planning, Vol. 6, No. 4, 347-359.
  • Claeys, A.S. & Cauberghe, V. (2015). ReviewThe role of a favorable pre-crisis reputation in protecting organizations during crises, Public Relations Review 41, 64–71.
  • Coombs, W.T. (2007). Protecting Organization Reputations During a Crisis: The Development and Application of Situational Crisis Communication Theory, Corporate Reputation Review, Vol. 10, No 3, 163-176.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2010). “Parameters for Crisis Communication”, In W. T. Coombs & S. J. Holladay (Eds.), The Handbook of Crisis Communication. West Sussex: WileyBlackwell.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2014). Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing, and responding, Fourth Edition, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Coombs, W. T. & Holladay, S. J. (2006). Unpacking the halo effect: Reputation and crisis management, Journal of Communication Management 10(2), 123-137.
  • Çelebi, E. (2020a). Sosyal Medya İletişiminin Kurumsal İtibar Algısı Üzerindeki Rolü, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Sayı 41, 108-118.
  • Çelebi, E. (2020b). Sosyal Medya Ve Krizde İletişim(sizlik): GSM Operatörlerinin Yaşadığı Şebeke Krizi Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 34 , 141-158.
  • Duğan, Ö. (2018). Sosyal Medya Kaynaklı Krizlerin ‘İmaj Restorasyon Teorisi’ Açısından Örnek Olaylar Üzerinden İncelenmesi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, (AKİL) Haziran (29), 293-313.
  • Falkheimer, J. & Heide, M. (2006). Multicultural crisis communication: Towards a social constructionist perspective, Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 14, 180-189.
  • Gök Demir, Z., Karakaya Şatır Ç., & Erendağ Sümer, F. (2018). Sosyal Medya Üzerinden Kriz Yönetimi: Krize Yanıt Verme Stratejileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, (AKİL) Aralık (30), 410-428.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2020). Kriz İletişiminde Kurumsal Özür Yanıtlarının Kamu Öfkesi Üzerinde Etkisi: Deneysel Bir Çalışma, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi (e-gifder), 8 (1), 21-44.
  • Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture’s consequences, International differences in work-related values, London, UK: Sage.
  • Holtzhausen, D.R. & Roberts, G.F. (2009). An Investigation into the Role of Image Repair Theory in Strategic Conflict Management, Journal of Public Relations Research 21:2, 165-186.
  • Huang, Y.-H. (2006). Crisis situations, communication strategies, and media coverage. A multicase study revisiting the communicative response model, Communication Research 33, 180-205.
  • Jeong, S.-H. (2009). Public’s responses to an oil spill accident: A test of the attribution theory and situational crisis communication theory, Public Relations Review 35(3), 307–309.
  • Jina, Y., Liu, B.F., Anagondahalli, D. & Austin, L. (2014). Scale development for measuring publics’ emotions in organizational crises, Public Relations Review, Vol. 40, 509-518.
  • Jin, Y., Pang, A. & Cameron, G.T. (2012). Toward a Publics-Driven, Emotion-Based Conceptualization in Crisis Communication: Unearthing Dominant Emotions in Multi-Staged Testing of the Integrated Crisis Mapping (ICM) Model, Journal of Public Relations Research, Vol. 24:3, 266-298.
  • Lyon, L. & Cameron, G. T. (2004). A Relational Approach Examining the Interplay of Prior Reputation and Immediate Response to a Crisis, Journal of Public Relations Research 16:3, 213-241.
  • Reber, B.H. & Berger, B.K. (2006). Finding influence: examining the role of influence in public relations practice, Journal of Communication Management, Vol. 10, No. 3, 235-249.
  • Stephens, K.K., Malone, P.C. & Bailey, C.M. (2005). Communicating with Stakeholders During a Crisis, Journal of Business Communication, Vol. 42, No. 4, 390-419.
  • Turk, J. V., Jin, Y., Stewart, S., Kim, J. & Hipple, J. R. (2012). Examining the interplay of an organization’s prior reputation, CEO’s visibility, and immediateresponse to a crisis, Public Relations Review 38(4), 574-583.
  • Ulmer, R. R., Seeger, M. W., & Sellnow, T. L. (2007). Post-crisis communication and renewal: Expanding the parameter of post-crisis discourse, Public Relations Review 33, 130-134.
  • Van Der Meer, T.G.L.A. & Verhoeven, J.W.M. (2014). Emotional crisis communication, Public Relations Review, Vol. 40, 526-536.
  • Wakefield, R.I., Plowman, K.D. & Curry, A. (2013). Institutionalizing Public Relations: An International Multiple-Case Study, Journal of Public Relations Research, Vol. 25:3, 207-224.
  • Xu, S. (2019). Prioritizing relationships: The investment model and relationship maintenance strategies in organizational crises, Public Relations Review 45, 1-16.

Kriz Yönetiminde Kullanılan İletişim Stratejilerinin Etkinliği Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Year 2021, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 92 - 106, 15.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.17550/akademikincelemeler.737850

Abstract

Kriz yönetiminde, geçerli ve güvenilir kriz iletişim stratejilerinin belirlenmesi için kanıta dayalı araştırma verilerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu ise bir kriz durumundan etkilenen kesimlerin kriz iletişim stratejilerine nasıl tepki verdiğinin anlaşılmasıyla ortaya çıkartılabilir. 301 kişi üzerinde yapılan bu araştırma ile bir kriz durumundan etkilenen kişilerin, krizden dolayı sorumlu tuttukları kuruluşla olan duygusal, düşünsel ve davranışsal ilişkilerinin kriz esnasında ve sonrasında nasıl değiştiği ortaya çıkartılmıştır. Araştırma verilerine göre; kuruluşlara duyulan güven ile krizin nedenine yönelik algılamalar arasında, krizde sorumluluk alınması durumu ile krizden sonra ilişkilerin sürdürülmesi arasında, kurumsal itibar ile kriz durumunun önlenebilirliği arasında ve kriz durumuna yönelik hata ile suçlanma durumu arasında olumlu yönde yüksek korelasyonlar bulunmuştur. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; krizden etkilenenler kriz durumunun nasıl ortaya çıktığıyla değil, krizin çözümüne ve mağduriyetlerin giderilmesine yönelik verilen mesajlara ilgi duymaktadır. Krizde sorumluluk alınmaması ve inkâr durumu; kuruluşlara yönelik güveni, kurumsal itibarı, duygusal ve davranışsal niyetleri olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir.

References

  • Aydın, A.F. (2019). Kurumsal Markalar Açısından Kriz İletişiminin Önemi: Pınar Krizi Örneği, BAİBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt: 19, Sayı 4, 1169-1188.
  • Benoit, W. L. (1997). Image repair discourse and crisis communication, Public Relations Review 23(2), 177–186.
  • Brown, K. A. & White, C. L. (2010). Organization-public relationships and crisis response strategies: Impact on attribution of responsibility, Journal of Public Relations Research 23(1), 75–92.
  • Brown, K. A. & Ki, E-J. (2013). Developing a Valid and Reliable Measure of Organizational Crisis Responsibility, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 90(2), 363–384.
  • Carone, A. & Lorio, L.D. (2013). Crisis management: An extended reference framework for decision makers, Journal of Business Continuity & Emergency Planning, Vol. 6, No. 4, 347-359.
  • Claeys, A.S. & Cauberghe, V. (2015). ReviewThe role of a favorable pre-crisis reputation in protecting organizations during crises, Public Relations Review 41, 64–71.
  • Coombs, W.T. (2007). Protecting Organization Reputations During a Crisis: The Development and Application of Situational Crisis Communication Theory, Corporate Reputation Review, Vol. 10, No 3, 163-176.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2010). “Parameters for Crisis Communication”, In W. T. Coombs & S. J. Holladay (Eds.), The Handbook of Crisis Communication. West Sussex: WileyBlackwell.
  • Coombs, W. T. (2014). Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing, and responding, Fourth Edition, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Coombs, W. T. & Holladay, S. J. (2006). Unpacking the halo effect: Reputation and crisis management, Journal of Communication Management 10(2), 123-137.
  • Çelebi, E. (2020a). Sosyal Medya İletişiminin Kurumsal İtibar Algısı Üzerindeki Rolü, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Sayı 41, 108-118.
  • Çelebi, E. (2020b). Sosyal Medya Ve Krizde İletişim(sizlik): GSM Operatörlerinin Yaşadığı Şebeke Krizi Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, 34 , 141-158.
  • Duğan, Ö. (2018). Sosyal Medya Kaynaklı Krizlerin ‘İmaj Restorasyon Teorisi’ Açısından Örnek Olaylar Üzerinden İncelenmesi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, (AKİL) Haziran (29), 293-313.
  • Falkheimer, J. & Heide, M. (2006). Multicultural crisis communication: Towards a social constructionist perspective, Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management 14, 180-189.
  • Gök Demir, Z., Karakaya Şatır Ç., & Erendağ Sümer, F. (2018). Sosyal Medya Üzerinden Kriz Yönetimi: Krize Yanıt Verme Stratejileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi, (AKİL) Aralık (30), 410-428.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2020). Kriz İletişiminde Kurumsal Özür Yanıtlarının Kamu Öfkesi Üzerinde Etkisi: Deneysel Bir Çalışma, Gümüşhane Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi (e-gifder), 8 (1), 21-44.
  • Hofstede, G. (1984). Culture’s consequences, International differences in work-related values, London, UK: Sage.
  • Holtzhausen, D.R. & Roberts, G.F. (2009). An Investigation into the Role of Image Repair Theory in Strategic Conflict Management, Journal of Public Relations Research 21:2, 165-186.
  • Huang, Y.-H. (2006). Crisis situations, communication strategies, and media coverage. A multicase study revisiting the communicative response model, Communication Research 33, 180-205.
  • Jeong, S.-H. (2009). Public’s responses to an oil spill accident: A test of the attribution theory and situational crisis communication theory, Public Relations Review 35(3), 307–309.
  • Jina, Y., Liu, B.F., Anagondahalli, D. & Austin, L. (2014). Scale development for measuring publics’ emotions in organizational crises, Public Relations Review, Vol. 40, 509-518.
  • Jin, Y., Pang, A. & Cameron, G.T. (2012). Toward a Publics-Driven, Emotion-Based Conceptualization in Crisis Communication: Unearthing Dominant Emotions in Multi-Staged Testing of the Integrated Crisis Mapping (ICM) Model, Journal of Public Relations Research, Vol. 24:3, 266-298.
  • Lyon, L. & Cameron, G. T. (2004). A Relational Approach Examining the Interplay of Prior Reputation and Immediate Response to a Crisis, Journal of Public Relations Research 16:3, 213-241.
  • Reber, B.H. & Berger, B.K. (2006). Finding influence: examining the role of influence in public relations practice, Journal of Communication Management, Vol. 10, No. 3, 235-249.
  • Stephens, K.K., Malone, P.C. & Bailey, C.M. (2005). Communicating with Stakeholders During a Crisis, Journal of Business Communication, Vol. 42, No. 4, 390-419.
  • Turk, J. V., Jin, Y., Stewart, S., Kim, J. & Hipple, J. R. (2012). Examining the interplay of an organization’s prior reputation, CEO’s visibility, and immediateresponse to a crisis, Public Relations Review 38(4), 574-583.
  • Ulmer, R. R., Seeger, M. W., & Sellnow, T. L. (2007). Post-crisis communication and renewal: Expanding the parameter of post-crisis discourse, Public Relations Review 33, 130-134.
  • Van Der Meer, T.G.L.A. & Verhoeven, J.W.M. (2014). Emotional crisis communication, Public Relations Review, Vol. 40, 526-536.
  • Wakefield, R.I., Plowman, K.D. & Curry, A. (2013). Institutionalizing Public Relations: An International Multiple-Case Study, Journal of Public Relations Research, Vol. 25:3, 207-224.
  • Xu, S. (2019). Prioritizing relationships: The investment model and relationship maintenance strategies in organizational crises, Public Relations Review 45, 1-16.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Reserch Articles
Authors

Engin Çelebi 0000-0001-5791-8080

Publication Date April 15, 2021
Submission Date May 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 16 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çelebi, E. (2021). Kriz Yönetiminde Kullanılan İletişim Stratejilerinin Etkinliği Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, 16(1), 92-106. https://doi.org/10.17550/akademikincelemeler.737850

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