Sosyal Medya Tükenmişlik Ölçeği: Öğretmen Adayları Özelinde Türk Kültürüne Uyarlama, Geçerlik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması
Year 2022,
Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 238 - 247, 30.09.2022
Servet Üztemur
,
Erkan Dinç
Abstract
Covid-19 salgınının etkisiyle sosyal medya kullanımı gençler ve yetişkinler arasında her geçen gün artmakta ve bu durum sosyal medyanın bireylerin yaşamında merkezi bir konumda yer almasına neden olmaktadır. Sosyal medyanın yoğun bir biçimde kullanılmasının ve aşırı bilgi yüklemesinin bir neticesi olarak son zamanlarda “sosyal medya tükenmişliği” kavramı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu kavram; kullanıcıların sosyal medyayı kullanırken kendilerini tükenmiş hissetme derecesi olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu araştırmanın amacı Han (2018) tarafından geliştirilen sosyal medya tükenmişlik ölçeğini Türk kültürüne uyarlayarak bu ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışmalarını yapmaktır. Ölçek; duygusal tükenme (3 madde), duyarsızlaşma (4madde) ve kararsızlık (4 madde) alt boyutlarından oluşmaktadır. Kesitsel tarama modeline göre tasarlanan araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2021-2022 öğretim yılı güz döneminde Gaziantep, Eskişehir Osmangazi ve Anadolu Üniversitesinin Eğitim Fakültelerinde öğrenim gören 878 öğretmen adayı oluşturmuştur. Yapı geçerliği için orijinal ölçeğe doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Sonuçlar; Türkiye literatürü için yeni bir kavram olarak nitelendirilebilecek “sosyal medya tükenmişliği” kavramına yönelik geliştirilen ölçeğin orijinal üç boyutlu yapısının Türk kültürüne uygun bir yapıya sahip olduğunu göstermiştir.
References
- Arslan, G., Yıldırım, M., & Zangeneh, M. (2021). Coronavirus anxiety and psychological adjustment in college students: Exploring the role of college belongingness and social media addiction. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00460-4
- Barrett, K. C., Gloeckner, G. W., Leech, N. L. and Morgan, G. A. (2012). IBM SPSS for introductory statistics: Use and interpretation. United Kingdom: Rutledge Press.
- Boer, M., van Den Eijnden, R. J., Boniel-Nissim, M., Wong, S. L., Inchley, J. C., Badura, P., ... & Stevens, G. W. (2020). Adolescents' intense and problematic social media use and their well-being in 29 countries. Journal of Adolescent Health, 66(6), S89-S99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.02.014
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. (17. Baskı). Pegem.
- Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 98–104.
- Cronbach, L. J. (2004). My current thoughts on coefficient alpha and successor procedures. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 64, 391-418.
- Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. (Üçüncü baskı). Pegem.
- Dhir, A., Kaur, P., Lonka, K., & Tsai, C. C. (2017). Do psychosocial attributes of well-being drive intensive Facebook use?. Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 520-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.023
- Dhir, A., Yossatorn, Y., Kaur, P., & Chen, S. (2018). Online social media fatigue and psychological wellbeing—a study of compulsive use, fear of missing out, fatigue, anxiety and depression. International Journal of Information Management, 40, 141–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.01.012
- Garett, R., Liu, S., & Young, S. D. (2018). The relationship between social media use and sleep quality among undergraduate students. Information, Communication & Society, 21(2), 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2017.02.004
- George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. (10th ed.). Pearson.
- Hambleton, R.K., & Patsula, L. (1999). Increasing the validity of adapted tests: Myths to be avoided and guidelines for improving test adaptation practices. Journal of Applied Testing Technology, 1(1), 1-30.
- Han, B. (2018). Social media burnout: Definition, measurement instrument, and why we care. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 58(2), 122–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2016.1208064
- Harren, N., Walburg, V., & Chabrol, H. (2021). Studying social media burnout and problematic social media use: The implication of perfectionism and metacognitions. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 4, 100117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100117
- Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
- Kemp, S. (2022, 15 February). Digital 2022: Turkey. Retrieved from https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2022-turkey Access Date: 16/05/2022
- Li, L., Gao, H., & Xu, Y. (2020). The mediating and buffering effect of academic self-efficacy on the relationship between smartphone addiction and academic procrastination. Computers & Education, 159, 104001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104001
- Liu, C., & Ma, J. (2020). Social media addiction and burnout: The mediating roles of envy and social media use anxiety. Current Psychology, 39(6), 1883-1891.
- Luqman, A., Cao, X., Ali, A., Masood, A., & Yu, L. (2017). Empirical investigation of Facebook discontinues usage intentions based on SOR paradigm. Computers in Human Behavior, 70, 544–555.
Ma, J., Liu, C. (2021). Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the social media burnout scale. Current Psychology 40, 3556–3561 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00304-y
- Maier, C., Laumer, S., Eckhardt, A., & Weitzel, T. (2015). Giving too much social support: Social overload on social networking sites. European Journal of Information Systems, 24(5), 447–464.
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99-113.
- Parks, M. R. (2011). Boundary conditions for the application of three theories of computer-mediated communication to MySpace. Journal of Communication, 61(4), 557-574.
- Rainie, L., Smith, A., & Duggan, M. (2013). Coming and going on Facebook. Available from http://www.pewinternet.org/2013/02/05/comingand-going-on-facebook/ Access Date: 01/05/2022
- Sanz-Blas, S., Buzova, D., & Miquel-Romero, M. J. (2019). From Instagram overuse to instastress and emotional fatigue: The mediation of addiction. Spanish Journal of Marketing-ESIC, 23, 143–161. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-12-2018-0059
- Schoenebeck, S. Y. (2014, April). Giving up Twitter for Lent: how and why we take breaks from social media. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 773-782).
- Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. Routledge.
- Seabrook, E. M., Kern, M. L., & Rickard, N. S. (2016). Social networking sites, depression, and anxiety: A systematic review. Jmir Mental Health, 3(4), e50. https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.5842.
- Shi, C., Yu, L., Wang, N., Cheng, B., & Cao, X. (2020). Effects of social media overload on academic performance: A stressor–strain–outcome perspective. Asian Journal of Communication,
30(2), 179–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2020.1748073
- Syvertsen, T. (2020). You are the problem! Everybody online and self-regulation. In Digital detox: The Politics of disconnecting (society now). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78769-339-520201004
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2012). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
- Tromholt, M. (2016). The Facebook experiment: Quitting Facebook leads to higher levels of well-being. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 19(11), 661–666. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0259
- United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2020). COVID-19 educational disruption and response. Available at https://en.unesco.org/news/covid-19-educational-disruption-and-response Access Date: 02/01/2022
- Üztemur, S. (2020). The mediating role of academic procrastination behaviours in the relationship between pre-service social studies teachers’ social media addiction and academic success. International Journal of Education Technology and Scientific Researches, 5(11), 63-101.
- Vural, B. ve Bat, M. (2010). Yeni bir iletişim ortamı olarak sosyal medya: Ege üniversitesi iletişim fakültesine yönelik bir araştırma. Journal of Yaşar University, 5(20), 3348-3382.
- Zhang S, Shen Y, Xin T, Sun H, Wang Y, Zhang X, et al. (2021) The development and validation of a social media fatigue scale: From a cognitive-behavioral-emotional perspective. PLoS ONE16(1): e0245464. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245464
- Zhang, S., Zhao, L., Lu, Y., & Yang, J. (2015). Get tired of socializing as social animal? An empirical explanation on discontinuous usage behavior in social network services. Information &Management, 53(7), 904–914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2016.03.006
Year 2022,
Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 238 - 247, 30.09.2022
Servet Üztemur
,
Erkan Dinç
References
- Arslan, G., Yıldırım, M., & Zangeneh, M. (2021). Coronavirus anxiety and psychological adjustment in college students: Exploring the role of college belongingness and social media addiction. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-020-00460-4
- Barrett, K. C., Gloeckner, G. W., Leech, N. L. and Morgan, G. A. (2012). IBM SPSS for introductory statistics: Use and interpretation. United Kingdom: Rutledge Press.
- Boer, M., van Den Eijnden, R. J., Boniel-Nissim, M., Wong, S. L., Inchley, J. C., Badura, P., ... & Stevens, G. W. (2020). Adolescents' intense and problematic social media use and their well-being in 29 countries. Journal of Adolescent Health, 66(6), S89-S99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.02.014
- Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş. ve Demirel, F. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. (17. Baskı). Pegem.
- Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 98–104.
- Cronbach, L. J. (2004). My current thoughts on coefficient alpha and successor procedures. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 64, 391-418.
- Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. (Üçüncü baskı). Pegem.
- Dhir, A., Kaur, P., Lonka, K., & Tsai, C. C. (2017). Do psychosocial attributes of well-being drive intensive Facebook use?. Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 520-527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.023
- Dhir, A., Yossatorn, Y., Kaur, P., & Chen, S. (2018). Online social media fatigue and psychological wellbeing—a study of compulsive use, fear of missing out, fatigue, anxiety and depression. International Journal of Information Management, 40, 141–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.01.012
- Garett, R., Liu, S., & Young, S. D. (2018). The relationship between social media use and sleep quality among undergraduate students. Information, Communication & Society, 21(2), 163–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2017.02.004
- George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. (10th ed.). Pearson.
- Hambleton, R.K., & Patsula, L. (1999). Increasing the validity of adapted tests: Myths to be avoided and guidelines for improving test adaptation practices. Journal of Applied Testing Technology, 1(1), 1-30.
- Han, B. (2018). Social media burnout: Definition, measurement instrument, and why we care. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 58(2), 122–130. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2016.1208064
- Harren, N., Walburg, V., & Chabrol, H. (2021). Studying social media burnout and problematic social media use: The implication of perfectionism and metacognitions. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 4, 100117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100117
- Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55.
- Kemp, S. (2022, 15 February). Digital 2022: Turkey. Retrieved from https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2022-turkey Access Date: 16/05/2022
- Li, L., Gao, H., & Xu, Y. (2020). The mediating and buffering effect of academic self-efficacy on the relationship between smartphone addiction and academic procrastination. Computers & Education, 159, 104001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2020.104001
- Liu, C., & Ma, J. (2020). Social media addiction and burnout: The mediating roles of envy and social media use anxiety. Current Psychology, 39(6), 1883-1891.
- Luqman, A., Cao, X., Ali, A., Masood, A., & Yu, L. (2017). Empirical investigation of Facebook discontinues usage intentions based on SOR paradigm. Computers in Human Behavior, 70, 544–555.
Ma, J., Liu, C. (2021). Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the social media burnout scale. Current Psychology 40, 3556–3561 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00304-y
- Maier, C., Laumer, S., Eckhardt, A., & Weitzel, T. (2015). Giving too much social support: Social overload on social networking sites. European Journal of Information Systems, 24(5), 447–464.
Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2(2), 99-113.
- Parks, M. R. (2011). Boundary conditions for the application of three theories of computer-mediated communication to MySpace. Journal of Communication, 61(4), 557-574.
- Rainie, L., Smith, A., & Duggan, M. (2013). Coming and going on Facebook. Available from http://www.pewinternet.org/2013/02/05/comingand-going-on-facebook/ Access Date: 01/05/2022
- Sanz-Blas, S., Buzova, D., & Miquel-Romero, M. J. (2019). From Instagram overuse to instastress and emotional fatigue: The mediation of addiction. Spanish Journal of Marketing-ESIC, 23, 143–161. https://doi.org/10.1108/SJME-12-2018-0059
- Schoenebeck, S. Y. (2014, April). Giving up Twitter for Lent: how and why we take breaks from social media. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 773-782).
- Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. Routledge.
- Seabrook, E. M., Kern, M. L., & Rickard, N. S. (2016). Social networking sites, depression, and anxiety: A systematic review. Jmir Mental Health, 3(4), e50. https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.5842.
- Shi, C., Yu, L., Wang, N., Cheng, B., & Cao, X. (2020). Effects of social media overload on academic performance: A stressor–strain–outcome perspective. Asian Journal of Communication,
30(2), 179–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/01292986.2020.1748073
- Syvertsen, T. (2020). You are the problem! Everybody online and self-regulation. In Digital detox: The Politics of disconnecting (society now). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78769-339-520201004
- Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2012). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.). Pearson.
- Tromholt, M. (2016). The Facebook experiment: Quitting Facebook leads to higher levels of well-being. Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking, 19(11), 661–666. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0259
- United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2020). COVID-19 educational disruption and response. Available at https://en.unesco.org/news/covid-19-educational-disruption-and-response Access Date: 02/01/2022
- Üztemur, S. (2020). The mediating role of academic procrastination behaviours in the relationship between pre-service social studies teachers’ social media addiction and academic success. International Journal of Education Technology and Scientific Researches, 5(11), 63-101.
- Vural, B. ve Bat, M. (2010). Yeni bir iletişim ortamı olarak sosyal medya: Ege üniversitesi iletişim fakültesine yönelik bir araştırma. Journal of Yaşar University, 5(20), 3348-3382.
- Zhang S, Shen Y, Xin T, Sun H, Wang Y, Zhang X, et al. (2021) The development and validation of a social media fatigue scale: From a cognitive-behavioral-emotional perspective. PLoS ONE16(1): e0245464. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245464
- Zhang, S., Zhao, L., Lu, Y., & Yang, J. (2015). Get tired of socializing as social animal? An empirical explanation on discontinuous usage behavior in social network services. Information &Management, 53(7), 904–914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2016.03.006