Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Year 2015, Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 41 - 55, 17.11.2014

Olcay Ergürhan Kıroğlu , Fazilet Aksu

https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.27586

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases are almost incurable, debilitating, and they might be fatal, because of limited neurogenesis in nervous system, presence of inhibitory substances and inhibition of recovery due to development of glial scar. Despite many treatment strategies of neurodegenerative diseases no full cure has been achieved. The successful results for mesenchymal stem cells applications on muscles, heart and liver diseases and the application of these cells to the damaged area in particular, hypoxia, inflammation and apoptosis promise hope of using them for neurodegenerative diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells applications constitute a vascular and neuronal phenotype in Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Stem cells release bioactive agents that lead to suppression of local immune system, reduction of free radicals, increase in angiogenesis, inhibition of fibrosis, and apoptosis. In addition, tissue stem cells, increase neuronal healing, stimulate proliferation and differentiation. These findings show that stem cells might be a hope of a cure in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and intensive work on this issue should continue.

Keywords

Mesenchymal stem cells, therapy, neurodegenerative disease

Nörodejeneratif Hastalıklarda Mezenkimal Kök Hücre Uygulamaları

Abstract

Nörodejeneratif hastalıkların tedavisi oldukça güçtür ve bazen de öldürücüdür. Bunun nedeni santral sinir sisteminde nörogenesisin sınırlı olması, aktif inhibitör maddelerin bulunması ve glial skar dokusunun gelişmesi nedeniyle iyileşmenin engellenmesidir. Nörodejeneratif hastalıkların tedavisinde birçok uygulama yapılmasına rağmen tam bir kür elde etmek mümkün olmamıştır. Mezenkimal kök hücre uygulamalarının kas, kalp ve karaciğer gibi çeşitli doku hasarlarında uygulanması sonucu bu hücrelerin hasarlı bölgeye özellikle hipoksik, inflamasyonlu ve apoptotik alanlara yerleşerek dokunun rejenenarasyon ve tamirini oluşturduğunun gözlenmesi nörodejeneratif hastlıkların tedavisi için de bir umut olmuştur. Parkinson hastalığı, Huntington hastalığı, Amyotrofik lateral skleroz ve Alzheimer hastalığı gibi beyin ve spinal kanalda nöron ve glial hücre kaybıyla seyreden ve tedavi olasılığı çok sınırlı olan nörodejenaratif hastalıklarda uygulanan mezenkimal kök hücreler hasarlı bölgede nöronal ve vasküler fenotip oluşturmaktadır. Uygulanan kök hücreler biyoaktif maddeler salarak lokal immun sistemin baskılanmasını, anjiogenezin artmasını, serbest radikallerin azalmasını, fibrozis ve apoptozisin inhibisyonunu sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca dokuda bulunan kök hücreler, nöronal iyileşmeyi, çoğalmayı ve farklılaşmayı uyarmaktadır. Bu bulgular nörodejeneratif hastalıkların tedavisinde kök hücre uygulamalarının ciddi bir tedavi umudu olabileceğini ve bu konudaki çalışmaların yoğun bir şekilde devam etmesi gerektiğini bize göstermektedir.

Keywords

Mezenkimal kök hücre, tedavi, nörodejeneratif hastalıklar

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• Correspondence Address / Yazışma Adresi Olcay Kıroğlu
• Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi
• Farmakoloji Anabilim Dalı Adana,Turkey
• e-mail: [e-mail]