Nursing Care in Managing Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome After Kidney Transplant

Year 2019, Volume: 28 Issue: 1, 60 - 65, 31.03.2019

Dilek Soylu , Özlem Ceyhan , Pınar Tekinsoy Kartın

Abstract

Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity, high blood pressure, low HDL cholesterol, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. Immunological risk factors for loss of graft function after renal transplantation may be acute and chronic rejection, infection, calcineurin inhibitor toxicity and metabolic complications. New-onset diabetes mellitus after transplantation and hypertension after kidney transplantation both reduce graft survival and increase mortality. Rejection after transplantation may also require patients to receive a new renal replacement therapy. Metabolic syndrome can be reduced by taking precautions such as increasing physical activity, prevention of weight gain and control of cardiovascular risk factors, and by well planning of immunosuppressive use. For this reason, the well-known risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome and the metabolic syndrome are of great importance for the planning of nursing care, for the education and counselling of the patient and his / her family, in distinguishing high-risk patients and in identifying prevention / preventive approaches. In this review, nursing care in the prevention and control of metabolic syndrome risk factors, which we consider to be critical after kidney transplantation, will be summarized in the light of current knowledge.

Keywords

Kidney Transplantation, Metabolic syndrome management, Nursing Care

Böbrek Nakli Sonrası Metabolik Sendrom Risk Faktörlerinin Yönetiminde Hemşirelik Bakımı

Abstract

Metabolik Sendrom; obezite, yüksek tansiyon, düşük HDL kolestrol, dislipidemi ve hiperglisemi gibi sistemik bozuklukların bir arada bulunduğu bir durum olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Böbrek nakli sonrası gelişen greft fonksiyon kaybına immünolojik risk faktörleri, akut ve kronik rejeksiyon, enfeksiyon, kalsinorin inhibitör toksisitesi ve metabolik komplikasyonlar neden olabilmektedir. Böbrek naklinden sonra gelişen diyabet ve hipertansiyon hem greft sağkalımını azaltmakta hem de mortaliteyi arttırmaktadır. Nakil sonrasında gelişen rejeksiyon hastaların yeni bir renal replasman tedavisi almasını da gerektirebilmektedir. Metabolik sendrom, fiziksel aktivitenin artırılması, kilo alınımın önlenmesi ve kardiyovasküler risk faktörlerinin kontrolü gibi riski önleyici tedbirler alınarak ve immünsupresif kullanımının iyi planlanması ile azaltılabilmektedir. Bu nedenle, metabolik sendrom ve metabolik sendrom ile ilişkili risk faktörlerinin iyi bilinmesi, yüksek riskli hastaların ayırt edilmesinde ve önleme/koruyucu yaklaşımların belirlenmesinde hasta ve ailesinin eğitimi ve danışmanlığının yapılmasında hemşirelik bakımı büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu derlemede, böbrek nakli sonrası kritik önem taşıdığını düşündüğümüz metabolik sendrom risk faktörlerini önleme ve kontrolünde hemşirelik bakımı güncel bilgiler ışığında özetlenecektir.

Keywords

Böbrek transplantasyonu, Metabolik sendrom yönetimi, Hemşirelik bakımı

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