Covid 19 Pandemisi ve Deliryum
Year 2022,
Volume: 31 Issue: 3, 137 - 150, 30.09.2022
Ebru Biricik
,
Yasemin Güneş
Abstract
Covid 19 pandemisi ciddi akut solunum ve organ yetmezlikleri ile seyreden mortalite ile sonuçlanabilen bir salgın olarak tarihe geçmektedir. Covid 19 enfeksiyonuna yakalanan bu hastalarda ciddi bir izolasyonun yanı sıra medikal tedavi de uygulanması hatta mekanik ventilatör ihtiyacı da doğmaktadır. Hastalar Covid 19 enfeksiyonunun santral sinir sistemine yapmış olduğu etkilerden dolayı da deliryum tablosuna girebilmektedir. Deliryumun önlenmesi ve tedavisi hem ortamın hasta açısından düzenlenmesi hem de medikal tedavinin uygulanması ile sağlanabilir. Bu hastalarda oluşan deliryuma yaklaşım multidisipliner olmalı ve öncelik deliryumun önlenmesi amaçlanmalıdır. Çünkü gelişen deliryum ile hastanede kalış süresi, sekonder enfeksiyonlar ve mortalite artabilmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı Covid 19 salgını ile deliryumun önlenmesi ve yönetimini yorumlamaktır.
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Year 2022,
Volume: 31 Issue: 3, 137 - 150, 30.09.2022
Ebru Biricik
,
Yasemin Güneş
References
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- Referans25. Devlin JW, Skrobik Y, Gelinas C, Needham DM, Slooter AJC, Pandharipande PP et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of pain, agitation/sedation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disruption in adult patients in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2018; 46: 825-73.
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- Referans30. Shen Q-H, Li H-F, Zhou X-Y, Yuan X-Z: Dexmedetomidine in the prevention of postoperative delirium in elderly patients following non-cardiac surgery: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2020; 47: 1333–41.
- Referans31. Skrobik Y, Duprey MS, Hill NS, Devlin JW. Low-dose nocturnal dexmedetomidine prevents ICU delirium. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2018; 197: 1147–56.
- Referans32. Rubino AS, Onorati F, Caroleo S, Galato E, Nucera S, Amantea B, et al: Impact of clonidine administration on delirium and related respiratory weaning after surgical correction of acute type-A aortic dissection: results of a pilot study. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2010; 10: 58-62.
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- Referans34. Hardeland R. Melatonin in aging and disease —multiple consequences of reduced secretion, options and limits of treatment. Aging Dis. 2012; 3: 194–225.
- Referans35. Simko F, Reiter R.J, Pechanova O, Paulis L. Experimental models of melatonin-deficient hypertension. Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed). 2013; 18: 616–25.
- Referans36. Tutuncu NB, Batur M.K, Yildirir A. Melatonin levels decrease in type 2 diabetic patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy. J Pineal Res. 2005; 39: 43–49.
- Referans37. Dominguez-Rodriguez A, Abreu-Gonzalez P, Arroyo-Ucar E, Reiter RJ. Decreased level of melatonin in serum predicts left ventricular remodelling after acute myocardial infarction. J Pineal Res. 2012; 53: 319–23.
- Referans38. Zambrelli E, Canevini M, Gambini O, D'Agostino A. Delirium and sleep disturbances in COVID-19: a possible role for melatonin in hospitalized patients? Sleep Med. 2020; 70: 111.
- Referans39. Bourne RS, Mills GH, Minelli C: Melatonin therapy to improve nocturnal sleep in critically ill patients: encouraging results from a small randomised controlled trial. Crit Care. 2008; 12: 52.
- Referans40. Zhang R, Wang X, Ni L, Di X, Ma B, Niu S et al. COVID-19: melatonin as a potential adjuvant treatment. Life Sci. 2020; 250: 117583.
- Referans41. Shneider A, Kudriavtsev A, Vakhrusheva A. Can melatonin reduce the severity of COVID-19 pandemic? Int Rev Immunol. 2020; 29: 1-10.
- Referans42. Prommer E. Aripiprazole: A New Option in Delirium. Am J Hosp Palliat Care. 2017; 34: 180–5.
- Referans43. Liverpool Drug Interaction Group 2020. https://www.covid19-druginteractions.org/checker
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- Referans45. Shen Y, Peng K, Zhang J, Meng X, Ji F. Effects of haloperidol on delirium in adult patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Princ Pract. 2018; 27: 250–9.
- Referans46. Gordon DE, Jang GM, Bouhaddou M, Xu J, Obernier K, White KM et al. A SARS-CoV- 2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing. Nature. 2020: 1–13.
- Referans47. Khorassani F, Saad M. Intravenous olanzapine for the management of agitation: review of the literature. Ann Pharmacother. 2019; 53: 853–9.
- Referans48. Beach S, Praschan N, Hogan C, Dotson S, Merideth F, Kontos N et al. Delirium in COVID-19: a case series and exploration of potential mechanisms for central nervous system involvement. Gen. Hosp. Psychiatr. 2020; 65: 47-53.
- Referans49. Haeusler IL, Chan XHS, Guérin PJ, White NJ. The arrhythmogenic cardiotoxicity of the quinoline and structurally related antimalarial drugs: a systematic review. BMC Med. 2018; 16: 200.
- Referans50. Ojeahere MI, de Filippis R, Ransing R, Karaliuniene R, Ullah I, Bytyçi DG et al. Management of psychiatric conditions and delirium during the COVID-19 pandemic across continents: lessons learned and recommendations. Brain Behav Immun Health. 2020; 9 : 100147.
- Referans51. Plasencia-García BO, Rodríguez-Menéndez G, Rico-Rangel MI, Rubio-García A, Torelló-Iserte J, Crespo-Facorro B. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2021; 238: 329-40.
- Referans52. Gagnon DJ, Fontaine GV, Smith KE, Riker RR, Miller RR, Lerwick PA et al: Valproate for agitation in critically ill patients: a retrospective study. J Crit Care. 2017; 37:119–25.
- Referans53. Yang SY, Liao YT, Liu, HC, Chen WJ, Chen CC, Kuo CJ. Antipsychotic Drugs, Mood Stabilizers, and Risk of Pneumonia in Bipolar Disorder: A Nationwide Case-Control Study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2013; 74: 79-86.
- Referans54. Grieb P, Świątkiewicz M, Prus K, Rejdak K. Amantadine for COVID-19. J Clin Pharmacol. 2021; 61: 412-3.
- Referans55. Fryml LD, Williams KR, Pelic CG, Fox J, Sahlem G, Robert S et al. The role of amantadine withdrawal in 3 cases of treatment-refractory altered mental status. J Psychiatr Pract. 2017; 23: 191–9.
- Referans56. LaHue SC, James TC, Newman JC, Esmaili AM, Ormseth CH, Ely EW. Collaborative Delirium Prevention in the Age of COVID-19. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2020; 68: 947-9.
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