A new part of the masseter muscle’s Anatomy and Embryology: Pars coronoidea controversy

Year 2023, Volume: 32 Issue: 3, 147 - 153, 30.09.2023

Sema Özandaç Polat , Samet Kara

https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1332003

Abstract

The major basic task of the masseter muscle, which is a quadrangular thick muscle, is to close the jaw by elevating the mandible against the maxilla and performing the biting and chewing functions of the teeth. The masseter muscle slightly involved in lateral movements and mandibular protraction, is one of the four masticatory muscles that are very important in facial aesthetics. In an article published by Mezey et al. in December 2021, it was shown that anatomically, a deep different third layer of the masseter muscle extends from the medial surface of the os temporale processus zygomaticus to the posterior edge and root of the coronoideus. It has been suggested that this structure, called the masseter pars coronoidea, is a third and new part of the masseter muscle. This study, as well as being quite interesting in the scientific world, also brought up the existence of some question marks and caused reactions.
In this study, it was aimed to review the embryological development, anatomical and histological structures of the masseter muscle from the past to the present in the light of current knowledge and to address the debate on the masseter muscle, which was presented to the scientific world as a new definition, in all aspects.

Keywords

Masseter, Anatomy, Morphology

Masseter kası yeni bir parça Anatomi ve Embriyolojisi: Pars coronoidea tartışması

Abstract

Dörtgen şeklinde kalın bir kas olan masseter kasının en temel görevi mandibula’yı maxilla’ya karşı eleve etmek, dişlerin ısırma ve çiğneme işlevlerini gerçekleştirmek suretiyle çeneyi kapatmaktır. Lateral hareketlerde ve mandibula protraksiyonunda az da olsa görev alan masseter kası, esasen yüz estetiğinde oldukça önem arz eden dört çiğneme kasından biridir. Aralık 2021’de Mezey ve ark.ları tarafından yayınlanan bir makalede, anatomik olarak, masseter kasına ait derin farklı üçüncü bir tabakanın os temporale processus zygomaticus medial yüzeyinden, coronoideus posterior kenarına ve köküne doğru uzandığı gösterildi. Masseter pars coronoidea olarak adlandırılan bu yapının masseter kasına ait üçüncü ve yeni bir parça olduğu ileri sürüldü. Bu çalışma, bilim dünyasında oldukça ilgi çekici bulunduğu kadar, beraberinde bazı soru işaretlerinin varlığını da gündeme getirmiş ve tepkilere neden olmuştur.
Sunulan bu çalışmada, geçmişten günümüze masseter kasının, embriyolojik gelişimleri ile anatomik ve histolojik yapılarının güncel bilgiler ışığında gözden geçirilmesi ve yeni bir tanımlama olarak bilim dünyasına sunulan masseter kası ile ilgili tartışmanın tüm yönleriyle ele alınması amaçlandı.

Keywords

Masseter, Anatomi, Morfoloji

References

• 1. Ergün N. Fonksiyonel Anatomi. İstanbul, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2021.
• 2. Moore KL, Dalley FA. Kliniğe yönelik anatomi. İstanbul, Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 2007.
• 3. Arıncı K, Elhan A. Anatomi ders kitabı. Ankara, Güneş Kitapevi, 2001.
• 4. Yücel AH. Dere Anatomi Atlası ve Ders Kitabı. 7 Baskı, Adana, Akademisyen Kitabevi, 2018.
• 5. Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology. Terminologia Anatomica: International Anatomical Terminology. Stuttgart: Thieme, 1998.
• 6. Standring S, Gray H. Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. 40Th ed. anniversary ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier; 2008.
• 7. Mezey SE, Müller-Gerbl M, Toranelli M, Türp JC. The human masseter muscle revisited: First description of its coronoid part. Ann Anat. 2022;240:151879.
• 8. Tsuneki M, Maruyama S, Yamazaki M, Niimi K, Kobayashi T, Nishiyama H, Hayshi T, Tanuma Jİ. Masseter muscle hypertrophy: A case report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg Med Pathol. 2019;31(6):428-31.
• 9. Ahlgren J, Omnell KA, Sonesson B, Toremalm NG. Bruxism and hypertrophy of the masseter muscle. A clinical, morphological and functional investigation. Pract Otorhinolaryngol (Basel). 1969;31(1):22-9.
• 10. Kebede B, Megersa S. Idiopathic masseter muscle hypertrophy. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2011;21(3):209-12.
• 11. Yeh YT, Peng JH, Peng HP. Literature review of the adverse events associated with botulinum toxin injection for the masseter muscle hypertrophy. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2018;17(5):675-687.
• 12. Ahn J, Horn C, Blitzer A. Botulinum toxin for masseter reduction in Asian patients. Arch Facial Plast Surg. 2004;6(3):188‐91.
• 13. Lobbezoo F, van der Glas HW, van der Bilt A, Buchner R, Bosman F. Sensitivity of the jaw-jerk reflex in patients with myogenous temporomandibular disorder. Arch Oral Biol. 1996;41(6):553-63.
• 14. Hassel B. Tetanus: pathophysiology, treatment, and the possibility of using botulinum toxin against tetanus-induced rigidity and spasms. Toxins (Basel). 2013;5(1):73-83.
• 15. Moore KL, Persaud TVN, Torchia MG. The developing human-e-book: clinically oriented embryology. Elsevier Health Sciences, 2018.
• 16. Radlanski RJ, Renz H, Klarkowski MC. Prenatal development of the human mandible. 3D reconstructions, morphometry and bone remodelling pattern, sizes 12-117 mm CRL. Anat Embryol (Berl). 2003;207(3):221-32.
• 17. Spyropoulos MN. The morphogenetic relationship of the temporal muscle to the coronoid process in human embryos and fetuses. Am J Anat. 1977;150(3):395-409.
• 18. Anthwal N, Peters H, Tucker AS. Species-specific modifications of mandible shape reveal independent mechanisms for growth and initiation of the coronoid. Evodevo. 2015;6:35.
• 19. Katsube M, Yamada S, Utsunomiya N, Yamaguchi Y, Takakuwa T, Yamamoto A et al.. A 3D analysis of growth trajectory and integration during early human prenatal facial growth. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):6867.
• 20. Mérida Velasco JR, Rodríguez Vázquez JF, De la Cuadra Blanco C, Campos López R, Sánchez M, Mérida Velasco JA. Development of the mandibular condylar cartilage in human specimens of 10-15 weeks' gestation. J Anat. 2009;214(1):56-64.
• 21. Madland G, Newton-John T, Feinmann C. Chronic idiopathic orofacial pain: I: what is the evidence base? Br Dent J. 2001;191(1):22–4.
• 22. McComas AJ. Oro-facial muscles: internal structure, function and ageing. Gerodontology. 1998;15(1):3–14.
• 23. Sasaki K, Hannam AG, Wood WW. Relationships between the size, position, and angulation of human jaw muscles and unilateral first molar bite force. J Dent Res. 1989;68(3):499–503.
• 24. Raadsheer MC, van Eijden TM, van Ginkel FC, Prahl-Andersen B. Contribution of jaw muscle size and craniofacial morphology to human bite force magnitude. J Dent Res. 1999;78(1):31–42.
• 25. Procópio Pinheiro R, Gaubeur MA, Itezerote AM, Saleh AO, Hojaij F, Andrade M et al.. Anatomical Study of the Innervation of the Masseter Muscle and Its Correlation with Myofascial Trigger Points. J Pain Res. 2020;13:3217-26.
• 26. Brunel G, El-Haddioui A, Bravetti P, Zouaoui A, Gaudy JF. General organization of the human intra-masseteric aponeuroses: changes with ageing. Surg Radiol Anat. 2003;25(3-4):270-83.
• 27. Akita K, Fukino K. The significance and classification of the layered structures of the human masseter and temporalis. Ann Anat. 2022;242:151907.
• 28. Sappey PC. Traitè d anatomie descriptive. Tome 2. 3rd ed. A Delahaye, Paris. pp. 135–142, Paris, 1876.
• 29. Chrysikos D, Solia E, Karamouzis K, Tsakotos G, Samolis A, Karampelias V, Troupis T. The Coronoid Anatomical Variation of the Masseter Muscle: A Case Report. J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2023;33(4):67-9
• 30. Tufail A, Pullan S, Amini A, Komath D. Deep masseteric layer. Br Dent J. 2022; 232:760.
• 31. Buch HA. Rediscovered deep layer of the masseter. Br Dent J. 2022;233(5):361.
• 32. Mudry A, Jackler RK. The coronoid insertion of the human masseter muscle was well described in the 18th century. Ann Anat. 2022;243:151922.
• 33. Wilckens M. Form und Leben der Landwirthschaftlichen Hausthiere. Parey, Berlin, 1878;230.
• 34. Breeland G, Aktar A, Patel BC. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Mandible. [Updated 2021 Jun 18]. StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing. Treasure Island (FL) 2022 Jan-. Available from. (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532292/).
• 35. Gaudy JF, Zouaoui A, Bravetti P, Charrier JL, Guettaf A. Functional organization of the human masseter muscle. Surg Radiol Anat. 2000;22(3-4):181-190.
• 36. Lanesse, N. Scientists discover new part of the body. Live Sci;2021;23 December. Available from: https://www.livescience.com/new-body-part-in-jaw-discovered〉.