Öğütülmüş Kolemanit Minerali İkameli Beton Yollardaki Aşınma Kaybının Araştırılması

Year 2020, Volume: 20 Issue: 2, 287 - 295, 20.05.2020

Tuba Kütük , Cuma Kara , Sezai Kütük

https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.652511

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Nüfus artışı ile mevcut yollarda yoğunluk artmakta ve bu yüzden yeni yollara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Ancak yol yapım ve bakım maliyetleri ise oldukça yüksektir. Ayrıca yol yapısının uzun hizmet ömrüne sahip olması hem güvenlik hem de ekonomik anlamda oldukça önem arz etmektedir. Beton yollar ise özellikle son yıllarda ekonomik ve uzun hizmet ömürlü olması sebebi ile ön plana çıkmaktadır. Beton yol hasarlarından aşınma ise yol yapısının uzun hizmet ömrü için tehlikeli bir durumdur. Bu çalışmada; ham öğütülmüş kolemanit minerali çimentoya ağırlıkça %1, %2, %3, %4 ve %5 oranlarda ikame malzemesi olarak kullanılmıştır. Üretimi yapılan beton numunelerin ise aşınmaya karşı dayanıklılığı Böhme deneyi belirlenmiş ve Böhme deney sonuçlarının tahribatsız bir test yöntemi olan Schmidt çekici ile ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak (7. ve 28. gün) kolemanit ikamesinin aşınma miktarını arttırdığı, ancak sertleşme yaşının artmasıyla (90. gün) %3’e kadar kolemanit minerali ikamesi beton numunelerin aşınma miktarlarını azalttığı görülmüştür. Schmidt çekici ile elde edilen yaklaşık basınç dayanımı incelendiğinde ise 7. ve 28. günlerde ölçülen dayanımlar üzerinde etkisinin düzensiz olduğu, 90. gün de ise %5 kolemanit ikamesi ile dayanım değerinin referansa göre düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen deneysel sonuçlara göre kolemanit minerali ikamesinin %3’e kadar kullanılmasının aşınma dayanımı ve Schmidt çekici (yaklaşık basınç dayanımını) değerlerini arttırmada etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Beton yollar, Kolemanit, Aşınma kaybı, Basınç dayanımı, Schmidt çekici

Thanks

Kolemanit mineralini tedarik eden Eti Maden İşletmeleri Genel Müdürlüğüne teşekkür ederiz.

Investigation of Abrasion Loss on Concrete Roads with Milled Colemanite Mineral Substitution

Abstract

With the increase in population, the density of the existing roads increases and therefore new roads are needed. However, road construction and maintenance costs are quite high. In addition, the long service life of the road structure is very important for both safety and economic. Concrete roads come to the forefront especially because of their economic and long service life in recent years. Wear from concrete road damages is dangerous for the long service life of the road structure. In this study; The raw milled colemanite mineral was used as a substitute in 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5% by weight of cement. The abrasion resistance of the concrete samples produced was determined by Bohme test and also a relationship between Bohme test results and Schmidt hammer, the non-destructive test method, results was investigated. As a result, it was observed that colemanite substitution increased the wear amount (day 7 and 28), but with increasing hardening age (90th day), the colemanite substitution decreased the amount of wear of concrete samples up to 3%. When the approximate compressive strength obtained from Schmidt hammer was examined, it was found that the effect on the strengths measured on the 7th and 28th days was irregular, and besides on the 90th day the strength value was lower with 5% colemanite substitution compared to the reference. According to the experimental results, the use of colemanite mineral substitution up to 3% was concluded to be effective in increasing abrasion strength and Schmidt hammer (approximate compressive strength) values.

Keywords

Concrete roads, Colemanite, Abrasion loss, Compressive strength, Schmidt hammer

References

• Aksoğan, O., Binici, H. and Ortlek, E., 2016. Durability of concrete made by partial replacement of fine aggregate by colemanite and barite and cement by ashes of corn stalk, wheat straw and sunflower stalk ashes. Construction and Building Materials, 106, 253-263.
• ASTM C127-15., 2015. Standard Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate.
• ASTM C128-15., 2015. Standard Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Coarse Aggregate.
• ASTM C131 / C131M-14., 2014. Standard Test Method for Resistance to Degradation of Small-Size Coarse Aggregate by Abrasion and Impact in the Los Angeles Machine.
• AzariJafari, H., Yahia, A. and Amor, M.B., 2016. Life cycle assessment of pavements: Reviewing research challenges and opportunities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 2187-2197.
• Bekem Kara, İ. and Arslan, M., 2018. Investigation of high temperature effects on concrete additive antifreeze. Aksaray University Journal of Science and Engineering, 2, 1-12.
• Bekem Kara, İ. ve Kara, C. 2016. Farklı kimyasal katkılar ile üretilen betonlar üzerinde magnezyum sülfat ve sodyum klorür etkisinin araştırılması. Electronic Journal of Vocational Colleges. 6, 117-125.
• Bungey, J.H., Millard, S.G. and Grantham, M.G., 2006. Testing of Concrete in Structures. Taylor & Francis.
• Demir, F., Budak, G., Sahin, R., Karabulut, A., Oltulu M. and Un, A.,2011. Determination of radiation attenuation coefficients of heavyweight- and normal-weight concretes containing colemanite and barite for 0.663 MeV γ-rays. Annals of Nuclear Energy, 38, 1274-1278.
• Erdoğan, T.Y., 2007. Beton, ODTÜ Geliştirme Vakfı Yayıncılık ve İletişim A.Ş.
• Erdoğan, Y., Zeybek, M.S. and Demirbaş, A., 1998. Cement mıxes contaınıng colemanıte from concentrator wastes. Cement and Concrete Research, 28, 605-609.
• He, Z., Chena, X. and Cai, X., 2019. Influence and mechanism of micro/nano-mineral admixtures on the abrasion resistance of concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 197, 91-98.
• İyinam, Ş. ve Ağar, E., 2004. Kara yollarında hazır beton. Beton 2004 Kongresi, 66-72.
• Korkut, T., Ün, A., Demir, F., Karabulut, A., Budak, G., Şahin, R. and Oltulu, M., 2010. Neutron dose transmission measurements for several new concrete samples including colemanite. Annals of Nuclear Energy. 37, 996-998.
• Krishna Rao, S., Sravana, P. and Chandrasekhar Rao, T., 2016. Abrasion resistance and mechanical properties of Roller Compacted Concrete with GGBS. Construction and Building Materials, 114, 925-933.
• Kula, I. Olgun, A., Erdogan, Y. and Sevinc, V., 2001. Effects of colemanite waste, cool bottom ash, and fly ash on the properties of cement, Cement and Concrete Research, 31, 491-494.
• Kutuk, S. and Kutuk-Sert, T., 2017. Effect of PCA on nanosized ulexite material prepared by mechanical milling. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 42, 4801-4809.
• Kutuk-Sert, T., 2016. Stability analyses of submicron-boron mineral prepared by mechanical milling process in concrete roads. Construction and Building Materials, 121, 255-264.
• Li, H., Zhang, M. and Ou, J., 2006. Abrasion resistance of concrete containing nano-particles for pavement. Wear, 260, 1262-1266.
• Malek, J. and Kaouther, M., 2014. Destructive and non-destructive testing of concrete structures. Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 8, 432-441.
• Olgun, A., Kavas, T., Erdogan, Y. and Once, G., 2007. Physico-chemical characteristics of chemically activated cement containing boron. Building and Environment, 42, 2384-2395.
• Popek, M., Sadowski, Ł. And Szymanowski, L., 2016. Abrasion resistance of concrete containing selected mineral powders. Procedia Engineering, 153, 617-622.
• Qasrawi, H.Y., 2000. Concrete strength by combined nondestructive methods simply and reliably predicted. Cement and Concrete Research, 30, 739-746.
• Scott, B.D. and Safiuddin, M., 2015. Abrasion resistance of concrete – Design, construction and case study. Concrete Research Letters, 6,3, 136-148.
• Siddique, R., 2013. Compressive strength, water absorption, sorptivity, abrasion resistance and permeability of self-compacting concrete containing coal bottom ash. Construction and Building Materials, 47, 1444-1450.
• Singh, G. and Siddique, R., 2012. Abrasion resistance and strength properties of concrete containing waste foundry sand (WFS). Construction and Building Materials, 28, 421-426.
• Szymańskia, P., Pikosa, M. and Nowotarskia, P., 2017. Concrete road surface with the use of cement concrete-selected results. Procedia Engineering, 2008, 166-173.
• Şimşek, O., 2004. Beton ve Beton Teknolojisi. Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.
• Şimşek, O., 2016. Beton ve Beton Teknolojisi. Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.
• Targan, Ş., Erdoğan, Y., Olgun, A., Zeybek, B. ve Sevinç, V., 2002. Kula Cürufu, Bentonit ve Kolemanit Atıklarının Çimento Üretiminde Değerlendirilmesi. I. Uluslararası Bor Sempozyumu, 259-265.
• Tchamdjoua, W.H.J., Cherradia, T., Abidia, M.L. and Oliveira, L.A.P., 2018. Mechanical properties of lightweight aggregates concrete made with cameroonian volcanic scoria: Destructive and non-destructive characterization. Journal of Building Engineering, 16, 134-145.
• TS 706 EN 12620+A1., 2009. Beton agregaları.
• TS 802., 2016. Beton karışım tasarımı hesap esasları.
• TS EN 12504-2., 2013 Yapılarda beton deneyleri - Bölüm 2: Tahribatsız muayene- Geri sıçrama sayısının belirlenmesi.
• TS EN 13892-2., 2015. Şap malzemeleri - Deney yöntemleri - Bölüm 3: Aşınma direncinin tayini - Böhme.
• TS EN 14157., 2015. Doğal taş - Aşınma direncinin tayini.
• TS EN 206:2013+A1., 2017. Beton- Özellik, performans, imalat ve uygunluk.
• Tugrul Tunc, E. and Alyamac, K.E., 219. A preliminary estimation method of Los Angeles abrasion value of concrete aggregates. Construction and Building Materials, 222, 437-446.
• Yeğinobalı, A., 2010. Niçin Beton Yol. Türkiye Çimento Müstahsilleri Birliği/Arge Enstitüsü, Ankara, 1-28.
• Yen, T., Hsu, T., Liu, Y. and Chen, S., 2007. Influence of class F fly ash on the abrasion–erosion resistance of high-strength concrete. Construction and Building Materials, 21, 458-463.
• https://bmsit.ac.in/system/study_materials/documen ts/000/000/198/original/CEMENT_CONCRETE_PAVEMTS.pdf, (10.02.2019)
• http://www.etimaden.gov.tr/storage/pages/March20 19/5-1-ogutulmus-kolemanit.pdf, (02.10.2019)