Effect of Cut-outs on the Free Vibration Response of Basalt/Carbon Hybrid Composites

Year 2021, Volume: 21 Issue: 3, 724 - 734, 30.06.2021

Özkan Özbek , Yüksel Tokur Bozkurt

https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.889289

Cited By: 3

Abstract

The current work deals with an experimental investigation about the influence of cut-outs on dynamic characteristics of basalt/carbon hybrid fiber reinforced composite laminates. The composite samples have been fabricated via vacuum assisted resin transfer molding technique and cut-outs in the form of triangular, square and circular shapes with equal areas have been processed on them to systematically analyze the influences of cut-outs. The dynamic characteristics of the samples have been examined by conducting free vibration-damping tests and expressed in terms of natural frequency and damping ratio using the frequency response and time-acceleration response. The results show that the damping characteristics of the composite samples can be remarkably improved with the help of cut-outs which provide improvements approximately between 2.41% and 16.65% in damping ratio values. The maximum and minimum variations in damping ratio have observed for non-hybrid carbon fiber reinforced composite samples with triangular cut-out (T-C6) and hybrid basalt/carbon fiber reinforced composite samples with circular cut-out (C-B6), respectively. On the other hand, the presence of cut-outs have led to decreases in natural frequency values as a result of reduction in stiffness caused by the cut-outs. This point out that employment of cut-outs can be a promising application to meet the natural frequency requirements of engineering systems constructed with hybrid fiber reinforced composite laminates.

Keywords

Cut-out, Hybrid composite, Damping, Vibration, Stacking sequences

Kesiklerin Bazalt / Karbon Hibrit Kompozitlerin Serbest Titreşim Tepkisine Etkileri

Abstract

Mevcut çalışma, kesiklerin bazalt / karbon melez fiber takviyeli lamine kompozitlerin dinamik özellikleri üzerindeki etkisi hakkında deneysel bir araştırma ile ilgilidir. Kompozit numuneler, vakum destekli reçine transfer kalıplama tekniği ile imal edilmiş ve kesiklerin etkilerini sistematik olarak analiz etmek için üzerlerinde eşit alanlara sahip üçgen, kare ve dairesel şekiller şeklinde delikler açılmıştır. Numunelerin dinamik özellikleri, serbest titreşim sönümleme testleri yapılarak incelenmiş ve frekans tepkisi ve zaman-ivme tepkisi kullanılarak doğal frekans ve sönümleme oranı cinsinden ifade edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, kompozit numunelerin sönümleme özelliklerinin, sönümleme oranı değerlerinde yaklaşık %2,41 ile %16,65 arasında artışlar sağlayan kesikler yardımıyla önemli ölçüde iyileştirilebileceğini göstermektedir. Sönümleme oranındaki maksimum ve minimum varyasyonlar, sırasıyla üçgen kesikli hibrit olmayan karbon fiber takviyeli kompozit numuneler (T-C6) ve dairesel kesikli hibrit olmayan bazalt fiber takviyeli kompozit numuneler (C-B6) için gözlemlenmiştir. Öte yandan, kesiklerin varlığı, deliklerin neden olduğu sertlikte azalmanın bir sonucu olarak doğal frekans değerlerinde düşüşlere yol açmıştır. Bu, kesiklerin kullanılmasının, hibrit fiber takviyeli kompozit laminatlarla inşa edilen mühendislik sistemlerinin doğal frekans gereksinimlerini karşılamak için umut verici bir uygulama olabileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

Kesik, Hibrit kompozit, Sönümleme, Titreşim, İstifleme sırası

References

• Aksoylu, C., Yazman, Ş., Özkılıç, Y.O., Gemi, L., & Arslan, M.H., 2020. Experimental analysis of reinforced concrete shear deficient beams with circular web openings strengthened by CFRP composite. Composite Structures, 249, 112561.
• Bedon, C., 2019. Diagnostic analysis and dynamic identification of a glass suspension footbridge via on-site vibration experiments and FE numerical modelling. Composite Structures, 216, 366-378.
• Bhudolia, S.K., Perrotey, P. and Joshi, S.C., 2017. Enhanced vibration damping and dynamic mechanical characteristics of composites with novel pseudo-thermoset matrix system. Composite Structures, 179, 502-513.
• Bicos, A.S. and Springer, G.S., 1989. Vibrational characteristics of composite panels with cutouts. AIAA journal, 27(8), 1116-1122.
• Bozkurt, Ö.Y., 2017. Hybridization effects on tensile and bending behavior of aramid/basalt fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Polymer Composites, 38(6), 1144-1150.
• Bozkurt, Ö.Y. and Gökdemir, M.E., 2018. Effect of basalt fiber hybridization on the vibration‐damping behavior of carbon fiber/epoxy composites. Polymer Composites, 39(S4), E2274-E2282.
• Bozkurt, Ö.Y., Bulut, M. and Özbek, Ö., 2016, March. Effect of fibre orientations on damping and vibration characteristics of basalt epoxy composite laminates. In Proceedings of the World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering (CSEE’16).
• Bozkurt, Ö.Y., Erkliğ, A., and Bozkurt, Y.T., 2018. Influence of basalt fiber hybridization on the vibration-damping properties of glass fiber reinforced epoxy laminates. Materials Research Express, 6(1), 015301.
• Bulut, M., Bozkurt, Ö.Y., Erkliğ, A., Yaykaşlı, H. and Özbek, Ö., 2020. Mechanical and Dynamic Properties of Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Composites with Nanoclay Particles. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 45(2), 1017-1033.
• Bulut, M., Erkliğ, A. and Doğan, N.F., 2017. On adhesive properties of perlite and sewage sludge ash with epoxy resin bonded single-strap repairs. Materials Research Express, 4(8), 085302.
• Draiche, K., Tounsi, A. and Khalfi, Y., 2014. A trigonometric four variable plate theory for free vibration of rectangular composite plates with patch mass. Steel and Composite Structures, 17(1), 69-81.
• Doğan, N.F., Bulut, M., Erkliğ, A., & Bozkurt, Ö.Y., 2019. Mechanical and low velocity impact characterization of carbon/glass hybrid composites with graphene nanoplatelets. Materials Research Express, 6(8), 085304.
• Duc, N.D., Seung-Eock, K., Cong, P.H., Anh, N.T. and Khoa, N.D., 2017. Dynamic response and vibration of composite double curved shallow shells with negative Poisson's ratio in auxetic honeycombs core layer on elastic foundations subjected to blast and damping loads. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 133, 504-512.
• Erkliğ, A., Bulut, M. and Yeter, E., 2013. Effects of cutouts on natural frequency of laminated composite plates. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, 20(2), 179-185.
• Erkliğ, A., Bulut, M. and Yeter, E., 2014. Natural frequency response of laminated hybrid composite beams with and without cutouts. Journal of Polymer Engineering, 34(9), 851-857.
• Gemi, L., 2018. Investigation of the effect of stacking sequence on low velocity impact response and damage formation in hybrid composite pipes under internal pressure. A comparative study. Composites Part B: Engineering, 153, 217-232.
• Gemi, L., Köklü, U., Yazman, Ş., & Morkavuk, S. 2020. The effects of stacking sequence on drilling machinability of filament wound hybrid composite pipes: Part-1 mechanical characterization and drilling tests. Composites Part B: Engineering, 186, 107787.
• Gemi, L., Morkavuk, S., Köklü, U., & Yazman, Ş. 2020. The effects of stacking sequence on drilling machinability of filament wound hybrid composite pipes: Part-2 damage analysis and surface quality. Composite Structures, 235, 111737.
• Hachemi, M. and Hamza-Cherif, S.M., 2020. Free vibration of composite laminated plate with complicated cutout. Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 48(2), 192-216.
• Huang, C.Y. and Tsai, J.L., 2015. Characterizing vibration damping response of composite laminates containing silica nanoparticles and rubber particles. Journal of Composite Materials, 49(5), 545-557.
• Ilangovan, S., Kumaran, S.S. and Naresh, K., 2020. Effect of nanoparticles loading on free vibration response of epoxy and filament winding basalt/epoxy and E-glass/epoxy composite tubes: experimental, analytical and numerical investigations. Materials Research Express, 7(2), 025007.
• Jadhav, Y.G. and Deshmukh, P.V., 2016. Effect of cut-out shape on free vibration of composite plates. International Journal Of Current Engineering And Scientific Research (Ijcesr), 3, 48-53.
• Jones, R.M., 1998. Mechanics of composite materials. CRC press. Taylor and Francis, Philadelphia, USA.
• Kabir, A. and Hoa, S.V., 2011. Improvement of vibration damping and flexural fatigue property incorporating nanoclay into glass/epoxy composite. In ICAF 2011 Structural Integrity: Influence of Efficiency and Green Imperatives (pp. 155-165). Springer, Dordrecht.
• Khosravi, H. and Eslami-Farsani, R., 2016. Enhanced mechanical properties of unidirectional basalt fiber/epoxy composites using silane-modified Na+-montmorillonite nanoclay. Polymer Testing, 55, 135-142.
• Kumar, S., Kumar, A. and Vanitha, C., 2019. Corrosion behaviour of Al 7075/TiC composites processed through friction stir processing. Materials Today: Proceedings, 15, 21-29.
• Lakes, R.S., 2002. High damping composite materials: effect of structural hierarchy. Journal of composite materials, 36(3), 287-297.
• Liang, Z., Lee, G.C., Dargush, G.F. and Song, J., 2011. Structural damping: applications in seismic response modification (Vol. 3). CRC press, Taylor & Francis Group.
• Madenci, E., Özkılıç, Y.O. and Gemi, L., 2020. Buckling and free vibration analyses of pultruded GFRP laminated composites: Experimental, numerical and analytical investigations. Composite Structures, 254, 112806.
• Madenci, E., Özkılıç, Y.O., & Gemi, L., 2020. Experimental and theoretical investigation on flexure performance of pultruded GFRP composite beams with damage analyses. Composite Structures, 242, 112162.
• Madenci, E., Özkılıç, Y.O., & Lokman, G., 2020. Theoretical investigation on static analysis of pultruded GFRP composite beams. Akademik Platform Mühendislik ve Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(3), 483-490.
• Madenci, E., and Ozutok, A., 2020. Variational approximate for high order bending analysis of laminated composite plates. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 73(1), 97-108.
• Mandal, A., Ray, C. and Haldar, S., 2020. Experimental and Numerical Free Vibration Analysis of Laminated Composite Plates with Arbitrary Cut-Outs. Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, 101(2), 281-289.
• Mondal, S., Patra, A.K., Chakraborty, S. and Mitra, N., 2015. Dynamic performance of sandwich composite plates with circular hole/cut-out: A mixed experimental–numerical study. Composite Structures, 131, 479-489.
• Murugan, R., Ramesh, R. and Padmanabhan, K., 2016. Investigation of the mechanical behavior and vibration characteristics of thin walled glass/carbon hybrid composite beams under a fixed-free boundary condition. Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 23(8), 909-916.
• Noor, A.K. and Burton, W.S., 1989. Stress and free vibration analyses of multilayered composite plates. Composite Structures, 11(3), 183-204.
• Oguz, Z.A., Erklig, A., & Bozkurt, Ö.Y., 2020. Degradation of hybrid aramid/glass/epoxy composites hydrothermally aged in distilled water. Journal of Composite Materials, 0021998320984237.
• Özbek, Ö., Bozkurt, Ö.Y., 2019. Hoop tensile and compression behavior of glass-carbon intraply hybrid fiber reinforced filament wound composite pipes. Materials Testing, 61(8), 763-769.
• Özbek, Ö., 2020. Axial and lateral buckling analysis of kevlar/epoxy fiber‐reinforced composite laminates incorporating silica nanoparticles. Polymer Composites.
• Özkılıç YO, Madenci E, Gemi L., 2020. Tensile and compressive behaviors of the pultruded GFRP lamina. Turkish Journal of Engineering (TUJE). 4(4):169-75.
• Özkılıç, Y.O., Yazman, Ş., Aksoylu, C., Arslan, M. H., & Gemi, L., 2021. Numerical investigation of the parameters influencing the behavior of dapped end prefabricated concrete purlins with and without CFRP strengthening. Construction and Building Materials, 275, 122173.
• Özütok, A., and Madenci, E. (2013). Free vibration analysis of cross-ply laminated composite beams by mixed finite element formulation. International journal of structural stability and dynamics, 13(02), 1250056.
• Ozutok, A., Madenci, E., & Kadioglu, F. (2014). Free vibration analysis of angle-ply laminate composite beams by mixed finite element formulation using the Gâteaux differential. Science and Engineering of Composite Materials, 21(2), 257-266.
• Özütok, A., and Madenci, E., 2017. Static analysis of laminated composite beams based on higher-order shear deformation theory by using mixed-type finite element method. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 130, 234-243.
• Poore, A.L., Barut, A. and Madenci, E., 2008. Free vibration of laminated cylindrical shells with a circular cutout. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 312(1-2), 55-73.
• Qatu, M.S., Sullivan, R.W. and Wang, W., 2010. Recent research advances on the dynamic analysis of composite shells: 2000–2009. Composite Structures, 93(1), 14-31.
• Ramakrishna, C.S., Rao, Y.S.R., Murthy, A.S.D., Taranikanth, K. and Harishankar, B., 2021. Vibration behavior of graphite powder in carbon/basalt reinforced epoxy composites. Materials Today: Proceedings.
• Roundi, W., El Mahi, A., El Gharad, A. and Rebière, J.L. (2017). Experimental and numerical investigation of the effects of stacking sequence and stress ratio on fatigue damage of glass/epoxy composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 109, 64-71.
• Sinha, L., Das, D., Nayak, A.N. and Sahu, S.K., 2021. Experimental and numerical study on free vibration characteristics of laminated composite plate with/without cut-out. Composite Structures, 256, 113051.
• Sivakumar, K., Iyengar, N.G.R. and Deb, K., 1999. Free vibration of laminated composite plates with cutout. Journal of sound and Vibration, 221(3), 443-470.
• Uslu, E., Gavgali, M., Erdal, M.O., Yazman, Ş. and Gemi, L., 2021. Determination of mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites reinforced with electrospinning N66, PAN, PVA and PVC nanofibers: A comparative study. Materials Today Communications, 26, 101939.
• Venkateshappa, S.C., Kumar, P. and Ekbote, T., 2019. Free vibration studies on plates with central cut-out. CEAS Aeronautical Journal, 10(2), 623-632.
• Wang, Y., Xie, K., Fu, T. and Shi, C., 2019. Vibration response of a functionally graded graphene nanoplatelet reinforced composite beam under two successive moving masses. Composite structures, 209, 928-939.
• Yasir, M., Amir, N., Ahmad, F., Ullah, S. and Jimenez, M., 2018. Effect of basalt fibers dispersion on steel fire protection performance of epoxy-based intumescent coatings. Progress in Organic Coatings, 122, 229-238.