Depresyon Hastalarında Nörodavranışsal Kognitif Durum Değerlendirme Testi Sonuçları

Vahap Ozan Kotan; Zeynep Kotan; Birgül Aydın; Selçuk Kırlı

doi:10.17098/amj.408969

Research Article

Depresyon Hastalarında Nörodavranışsal Kognitif Durum Değerlendirme Testi Sonuçları

Year 2018, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 84 - 93, 30.03.2018

Vahap Ozan Kotan , Zeynep Kotan Birgül Aydın Selçuk Kırlı

https://doi.org/10.17098/amj.408969

Abstract

Giriş: Depresyon dikkat, bellek, psikomotor fonksiyonlar ve yönetici
işlevleri içeren bilişsel işlevlerde bozukluklara neden olabilen bir
hastalıktır. Bu çalışmada depresyon tanısı almış hastaların bilişsel işlev
özelliklerini Nörodavranışsal Kognitif Durum Değerlendirme Testi (COGNISTAT)
aracılığıyla değerlendirmek, test sonuçlarını sağlıklı kontrollerle
karşılaştırmak ve test sonuçlarının depresyon özellikleriyle ilişkisini
araştırmak amaçlanmıştır.
Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmaya alınan
70 depresyon hastasına ve 40 sağlıklı kontrole depresyon ve anksiyetenin
şiddetini değerlendirmek amacıyla Hamilton Depresyon Derecelendirme Ölçeği
(HAM-D), Hamilton Anksiyete Derecelendirme Ölçeği ve kognitif performans ölçümü
amacıyla COGNISTAT testi uygulanmıştır.
Bulgular: COGNISTAT nöropsikoloji
testinin hesaplama alt biriminde depresyon hastalarının hesaplama toplam
zamanının uzadığı; yapılandırma başarısı, tekrarlama toplam puanı ve muhakeme
başarısı alanlarında kontrollerle karşılaştırıldıklarında daha başarısız
oldukları saptanmıştır. Hesaplama başarı zamanı ile depresyon şiddetini
gösteren HAM-D skorları arasında pozitif korelasyon ortaya çıkmıştır.
Sonuç: Depresyon bilişsel işlev
bozukluklarının eşlik ettiği bir hastalıktır. Birden fazla bilişsel işlevi
ölçebilen, kısa ve uygulaması kolay bir test olarak klinik pratikte kullanıma
uygun olan COGNISTAT nöropsikolojik testi depresyonda değerlendirme ve
araştırma amaçlarıyla uygulanabilir bir seçenektir.

Keywords

Depresyon, kognisyon, COGNISTAT

References

1. Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği (Çev. ed. Köroğlu E). Psikiyatride Hastalıkların Tanımlanması ve Sınıflandırılması Elkitabı, Yeniden Gözden Geçirilmiş Dördüncü Baskı (DSM-IV-TR). Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği; 2001.
2. Yazıcı O, Oral ET, Vahip S. Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği Duygudurum Bozuklukları Bilimsel Çalışma Birimi Depresyon Sağaltım Kılavuzu Kaynak Kitabı. 1.Baskı. Ankara: Tuna Matbaacılık San. ve Tic. A.Ş.; 2008.
3. Knight MJ, Baune BT. Psychosocial Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder—Rationale, Design, and Characteristics of the Cognitive and Emotional Recovery Training Program for Depression (CERT-D) Front Psychiatry 2012;8:280.
4. Hill SK, Keshavan MS, Thase ME, Sweeney JA. Neuropsychological dysfunction in antipsychotic-naive first episode unipolar psychotic depression. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:996–1003.
5. Smith DJ, Muir WJ, Blackwood DHR. Neurocognitive impairment in euthymic young adults with bipolar spectrum disorder and recurrent major depressive disorder. Bipolar Disord 2006;8:40-6.
6. Trivedi MH, Greer TL. Cognitive dysfunction in unipolar depression: implications for treatment. J Affect Disord 2014 Jan;152-154:19-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.09.012.
7. Berktaş F, Kıroğlu O, Aksu F. Antidepresan İlaçların Öğrenme ve Bellek Mekanizmasına Etkileri. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi 2017;26(2):178-206 doi:10.17827/aktd.280538.
8. Stordal KI, Lundervold AJ, Egeland J, Mykletun A, Asbjornsen A, Landro NI, Roness A, Rund BR, Sundet K, Oedegaard KJ, Lund A. Impairment across executive functions in recurrent major depression. Nord J Psychiatry 2004;58:41-7.
9. Parlar M, Frewen PA, Oremus C, Lanius RA, McKinnon MC. Dissociative symptoms are associated with reduced neuropsychological performance in patients with recurrent depression and a history of trauma exposure. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2016;7:29061.
10. Basso MR, Bornstein RA. Neuropsychological deficits in psychotic versus nonpsychotic unipolar depression. Neuropsychology 1999;13:69–75.
11. Massman PJ, Delis DC, Butters N, DuPont RM, Gillin JC. The subcortical dysfunction hypothesis of memory deficits in depression: Neuropsychological validation in a subgroup of patients. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1992;14:687–706.
12. Mazziotta JC, Toga AW, Franckowiak RSJ. Brain Mapping. New York: Academic Press; 2000.
13. Lampe IK, HulshoffPol HE, Janssen J, Schnack HG, Kahn RS, Heeren TJ. Association of depression duration with a reduction of global cerebral gray matter volume in female patients with recurrent major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:2052–4.
14. Lampe IK, Sitskoorn MM, Heeren TJ. Effects of recurent major depressive disorder on behavior and cognitive function in female depressed patients. Psychiatry Res 2004;125:73-9.
15. de Bartolomeis A, Fagiolini A, Maina G. Vortioxetine in the treatment of major depression. Riv Psichiatr 2016;51(6):215-30.
16. Keefe RSE. The contribution of neuropsychology to psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:6–15.
17. Lezak MD, Howieson DB, Loring DW. Neuropsychological Assessment, Fourth Edition. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 2004.
18. Castaneda AE, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Marttunen M, Suvisaari J, Lönnqvist J. A review on cognitive impairments in depressive and anxiety disorders with a focus on young adults. J Affect Disord 2008;106:1–27.
19. Kiernan RJ, Mueller J, Langston JW, Van Dyke C. The neurobehavioral cognitive status examination: A brief but quantitative approach to cognitive assessment. Ann Intern Med 1987;107:481–5.
20. Fladby T, Schuster M, Gronli O, Sjoholm H, Loseth S, Sexton H. Organic brain disease in psychogeriatric patients: Impact of symptoms and screening methods on the diagnostic process. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1999;12:16–20.
21. Tsuruoka Y, Takahashi M, Suzuki M, Sato K, Shirayama Y. Utility of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (COGNISTAT) in differentiating between depressive states in late-life depression and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: a preliminary study. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2016;15:3. doi: 10.1186/s12991-016-0091-5.
22. Niekawa N, Sakuraba Y, Uto H, Kumazawa Y, Matsuda O. Relationship between financial cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiat Clin Neuros 2007;61:455–61.
23. Schrimsher GW, Parker JD, Burke RS. Relation between cognitive testing performance and pattern of substance use in males at treatment entry. Clin Neuropsychol 2007;21:498–510.
24. Acarer A. Cognistat nöropsikoloji testinin standardize edilmesi ve Alzheimer demanslı olgularda uygulanması.Uzmanlık Tez, Ege Ü. Tıp Fak.,İzmir; 2002.
25. Marvel CL, Paradiso S. Cognitive and neuological impairment in mood disorders. Psychiatr Clin N Am 2004;27:19–36.
26. Everett J, Lavoie K, Gagnon JF, Gosselin N. Performance of patients with schizophrenia on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). J Psychiatry Neurosci 2001;26:123–30.
27. Franke P, Maier W, Hardt J, Frieboes R, Lichtermann D, Hain C. Assesment of frontal cortex functioning in schizophrenia and unipolar major depression. Psychopathology 1993;26:76–84.
28. Purcell R, Maruff P, Kyrios M, Pantelis C. Neuropsychological function in young patients with unipolar major depression. Psychol Med 1997;27:1277-85.
29. Austin MP, Mitchell P, Wilhelm K, Parker G, Hıckie I, Brodaty H, Chan J, Eyers K, Milic M, Hadzi-Pavlovic D. Cognitive function in depression: a distinct pattern of frontal impairment in melancholia? Psychol Med 1999;29:73–85.
30. Pujol J, Bello J, Deus J, Cardoner N, Marti-Vilalta JL, Capdevila A. Beck Depression Inventory factors related to demyelinating lesions of the left arcuate fasciculus region. Psychiatry Res 2000;99:151–9.
31. Aanhet Rot M, Mathew SJ, Charney DS. Neurobiological mechanisms in major depressive disorder. CMAJ 2009;180:305–13.

The Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination Test Results in Patients with Depression

Year 2018, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 84 - 93, 30.03.2018

Vahap Ozan Kotan , Zeynep Kotan Birgül Aydın Selçuk Kırlı

https://doi.org/10.17098/amj.408969

Abstract

Abstract

Objectives: Depression is a disorder causing cognitive deficits including
impairments in attention, memory, psychomotor and executive functions. In the
present study, it is aimed to assess cognitive domains of patients with the
diagnosis of depression with Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination
(COGNISTAT), compare the test results with healthy controls and investigate the
association of test results with depression.
Materials and Methods: Seventy
depression patients and 40 healthy controls recruited in the study were assesed
by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale in
order to determine the severity of depression and anxiety and by COGNISTAT test
in order to determine the cognitive performance.
Results: Depressive patients needed
longer time in order to complete calculation sub-domain of COGNISTAT and scored
lower in spatial performance, repetition total score and reasoning performance
compared with the healthy controls. Calculation performance time and HDRS
scores indicating the severity of depression were found to be positively
correlated.
Conclusion: Depression is a disorder
accompanied by cognitive impairments. COGNISTAT test, a short and easy to apply
test, is a clinically practical assessment tool which can evaluate multiple cognitive
domains. It is a suitable choice which can be used for evaluation and research
purposes in depression.

Keywords

Depression, cognition, COGNISTAT

References

1. Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği (Çev. ed. Köroğlu E). Psikiyatride Hastalıkların Tanımlanması ve Sınıflandırılması Elkitabı, Yeniden Gözden Geçirilmiş Dördüncü Baskı (DSM-IV-TR). Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği; 2001.
2. Yazıcı O, Oral ET, Vahip S. Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği Duygudurum Bozuklukları Bilimsel Çalışma Birimi Depresyon Sağaltım Kılavuzu Kaynak Kitabı. 1.Baskı. Ankara: Tuna Matbaacılık San. ve Tic. A.Ş.; 2008.
3. Knight MJ, Baune BT. Psychosocial Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder—Rationale, Design, and Characteristics of the Cognitive and Emotional Recovery Training Program for Depression (CERT-D) Front Psychiatry 2012;8:280.
4. Hill SK, Keshavan MS, Thase ME, Sweeney JA. Neuropsychological dysfunction in antipsychotic-naive first episode unipolar psychotic depression. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:996–1003.
5. Smith DJ, Muir WJ, Blackwood DHR. Neurocognitive impairment in euthymic young adults with bipolar spectrum disorder and recurrent major depressive disorder. Bipolar Disord 2006;8:40-6.
6. Trivedi MH, Greer TL. Cognitive dysfunction in unipolar depression: implications for treatment. J Affect Disord 2014 Jan;152-154:19-27. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.09.012.
7. Berktaş F, Kıroğlu O, Aksu F. Antidepresan İlaçların Öğrenme ve Bellek Mekanizmasına Etkileri. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi 2017;26(2):178-206 doi:10.17827/aktd.280538.
8. Stordal KI, Lundervold AJ, Egeland J, Mykletun A, Asbjornsen A, Landro NI, Roness A, Rund BR, Sundet K, Oedegaard KJ, Lund A. Impairment across executive functions in recurrent major depression. Nord J Psychiatry 2004;58:41-7.
9. Parlar M, Frewen PA, Oremus C, Lanius RA, McKinnon MC. Dissociative symptoms are associated with reduced neuropsychological performance in patients with recurrent depression and a history of trauma exposure. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2016;7:29061.
10. Basso MR, Bornstein RA. Neuropsychological deficits in psychotic versus nonpsychotic unipolar depression. Neuropsychology 1999;13:69–75.
11. Massman PJ, Delis DC, Butters N, DuPont RM, Gillin JC. The subcortical dysfunction hypothesis of memory deficits in depression: Neuropsychological validation in a subgroup of patients. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 1992;14:687–706.
12. Mazziotta JC, Toga AW, Franckowiak RSJ. Brain Mapping. New York: Academic Press; 2000.
13. Lampe IK, HulshoffPol HE, Janssen J, Schnack HG, Kahn RS, Heeren TJ. Association of depression duration with a reduction of global cerebral gray matter volume in female patients with recurrent major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2003;160:2052–4.
14. Lampe IK, Sitskoorn MM, Heeren TJ. Effects of recurent major depressive disorder on behavior and cognitive function in female depressed patients. Psychiatry Res 2004;125:73-9.
15. de Bartolomeis A, Fagiolini A, Maina G. Vortioxetine in the treatment of major depression. Riv Psichiatr 2016;51(6):215-30.
16. Keefe RSE. The contribution of neuropsychology to psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry 1995;152:6–15.
17. Lezak MD, Howieson DB, Loring DW. Neuropsychological Assessment, Fourth Edition. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 2004.
18. Castaneda AE, Tuulio-Henriksson A, Marttunen M, Suvisaari J, Lönnqvist J. A review on cognitive impairments in depressive and anxiety disorders with a focus on young adults. J Affect Disord 2008;106:1–27.
19. Kiernan RJ, Mueller J, Langston JW, Van Dyke C. The neurobehavioral cognitive status examination: A brief but quantitative approach to cognitive assessment. Ann Intern Med 1987;107:481–5.
20. Fladby T, Schuster M, Gronli O, Sjoholm H, Loseth S, Sexton H. Organic brain disease in psychogeriatric patients: Impact of symptoms and screening methods on the diagnostic process. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1999;12:16–20.
21. Tsuruoka Y, Takahashi M, Suzuki M, Sato K, Shirayama Y. Utility of the Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (COGNISTAT) in differentiating between depressive states in late-life depression and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: a preliminary study. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2016;15:3. doi: 10.1186/s12991-016-0091-5.
22. Niekawa N, Sakuraba Y, Uto H, Kumazawa Y, Matsuda O. Relationship between financial cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiat Clin Neuros 2007;61:455–61.
23. Schrimsher GW, Parker JD, Burke RS. Relation between cognitive testing performance and pattern of substance use in males at treatment entry. Clin Neuropsychol 2007;21:498–510.
24. Acarer A. Cognistat nöropsikoloji testinin standardize edilmesi ve Alzheimer demanslı olgularda uygulanması.Uzmanlık Tez, Ege Ü. Tıp Fak.,İzmir; 2002.
25. Marvel CL, Paradiso S. Cognitive and neuological impairment in mood disorders. Psychiatr Clin N Am 2004;27:19–36.
26. Everett J, Lavoie K, Gagnon JF, Gosselin N. Performance of patients with schizophrenia on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). J Psychiatry Neurosci 2001;26:123–30.
27. Franke P, Maier W, Hardt J, Frieboes R, Lichtermann D, Hain C. Assesment of frontal cortex functioning in schizophrenia and unipolar major depression. Psychopathology 1993;26:76–84.
28. Purcell R, Maruff P, Kyrios M, Pantelis C. Neuropsychological function in young patients with unipolar major depression. Psychol Med 1997;27:1277-85.
29. Austin MP, Mitchell P, Wilhelm K, Parker G, Hıckie I, Brodaty H, Chan J, Eyers K, Milic M, Hadzi-Pavlovic D. Cognitive function in depression: a distinct pattern of frontal impairment in melancholia? Psychol Med 1999;29:73–85.
30. Pujol J, Bello J, Deus J, Cardoner N, Marti-Vilalta JL, Capdevila A. Beck Depression Inventory factors related to demyelinating lesions of the left arcuate fasciculus region. Psychiatry Res 2000;99:151–9.
31. Aanhet Rot M, Mathew SJ, Charney DS. Neurobiological mechanisms in major depressive disorder. CMAJ 2009;180:305–13.

There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	Turkish
Subjects	Health Care Administration
Journal Section	Research Articles
Authors	Vahap Ozan Kotan Zeynep Kotan This is me Birgül Aydın This is me Selçuk Kırlı This is me
Publication Date	March 30, 2018
Published in Issue	Year 2018 Volume: 18 Issue: 1

Cite

APA	Kotan, V. O., Kotan, Z., Aydın, B., Kırlı, S. (2018). Depresyon Hastalarında Nörodavranışsal Kognitif Durum Değerlendirme Testi Sonuçları. Ankara Medical Journal, 18(1), 84-93. https://doi.org/10.17098/amj.408969
AMA	Kotan VO, Kotan Z, Aydın B, Kırlı S. Depresyon Hastalarında Nörodavranışsal Kognitif Durum Değerlendirme Testi Sonuçları. Ankara Med J. March 2018;18(1):84-93. doi:10.17098/amj.408969
Chicago	Kotan, Vahap Ozan, Zeynep Kotan, Birgül Aydın, and Selçuk Kırlı. “Depresyon Hastalarında Nörodavranışsal Kognitif Durum Değerlendirme Testi Sonuçları”. Ankara Medical Journal 18, no. 1 (March 2018): 84-93. https://doi.org/10.17098/amj.408969.
EndNote	Kotan VO, Kotan Z, Aydın B, Kırlı S (March 1, 2018) Depresyon Hastalarında Nörodavranışsal Kognitif Durum Değerlendirme Testi Sonuçları. Ankara Medical Journal 18 1 84–93.
IEEE	V. O. Kotan, Z. Kotan, B. Aydın, and S. Kırlı, “Depresyon Hastalarında Nörodavranışsal Kognitif Durum Değerlendirme Testi Sonuçları”, Ankara Med J, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 84–93, 2018, doi: 10.17098/amj.408969.
ISNAD	Kotan, Vahap Ozan et al. “Depresyon Hastalarında Nörodavranışsal Kognitif Durum Değerlendirme Testi Sonuçları”. Ankara Medical Journal 18/1 (March 2018), 84-93. https://doi.org/10.17098/amj.408969.
JAMA	Kotan VO, Kotan Z, Aydın B, Kırlı S. Depresyon Hastalarında Nörodavranışsal Kognitif Durum Değerlendirme Testi Sonuçları. Ankara Med J. 2018;18:84–93.
MLA	Kotan, Vahap Ozan et al. “Depresyon Hastalarında Nörodavranışsal Kognitif Durum Değerlendirme Testi Sonuçları”. Ankara Medical Journal, vol. 18, no. 1, 2018, pp. 84-93, doi:10.17098/amj.408969.
Vancouver	Kotan VO, Kotan Z, Aydın B, Kırlı S. Depresyon Hastalarında Nörodavranışsal Kognitif Durum Değerlendirme Testi Sonuçları. Ankara Med J. 2018;18(1):84-93.

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