Turunçgillerde Korkutan Hastalık: Yeşillenme

Year 2019, Volume: 29 Issue: 2, 164 - 176, 20.12.2019

Serhat Kara , İlhami Tozlu , Özer Çalış

https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.660335

Abstract

Turunçgil yeşillenme hastalığı (Huanglongbing-HLB, Greening Disease) turunçgil ağaçlarında ekonomik kayıplara neden olan bakteriyel bir hastalıktır. Hastalığı oluşturan patojenin bilimsel ismi Candidatus liberibacter’dir. HLB ye sebep olan şu ana kadar üç farklı Candidatus tür’ü saptanmıştır. Bunlardan Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), dünya genelinde HLB ile ilişkili en yaygın Liberibacter türüdür. Diğer iki tür olan, Candidatus liberibacter americanus (CLam) ve Candidatus liberibacter africanus (CLaf) ise daha az yoğunlukta ve ekolojilere özel olarak yaygınlık gösterirler. Hastalık Hindistan’da 1929 yılında “turunçgillerde geriye ölüm” olarak tanımlanmıştır. Ancak bu hastalık 1890’lı yıllarda Çin de ‘yellow shoot diseas, sarı sürgün hastalığı’ olarak çok iyi bilinmekte olması nedeniyle çoğu bilim insanı hastalığın ilk ortaya çıktığı yeri Çin olarak kabul etmektedir. Turunçgil yeşillenme hastalığına karşı bugüne kadar yüzde yüz etkili herhangi bir mücadele yöntemi bulunamamıştır. Bu da, patojenin ne kadar tehlikeli ve önemli olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Hastalık, turunçgil üretim alanlarında veya ülkeler arasında vektör böceklerle, (Afrika Turunçgil Psillidi olan Trioza erytreae Del Guercio, diğer bir Psillid türü olan Asya Psillidi Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) veya enfekteli aşı gözleri ile taşınmaktadır. HLB, özellikle portakal, mandarin, tangelo ve greyfurt fidan veya ağaçlarında yaşa bakmaksızın etkilidir. Enfekteli ağaçlarda ortaya çıkan tipik hastalık belirtileri çinko eksikliği, bazı abiyotik stres faktörlerinin belirtileri veya diğer bazı turunçgil hastalıklarının oluşturduğu belirtiler ile karıştırılabilmektedir.

Keywords

Candidatus liberibacter, psillid, Asya, Afrika, Huanglongbing, sarı sürgün, geriye ölüm.

The Scary Disease in Citrus: Greening

Abstract

Citrus greening disease (Huanglongbing-HLB) is a bacterial disease
causes economic losses on citrus trees. The scientific name of the causal agent
is Candidatus liberibacter. Three Candidatus
species have identified so far. Candidatus
liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) is the most common Liberibacter species which
is associated with HLB disease in the world. Candidatus liberibacter americanus (CLam) and Candidatus liberibacter africanus (CLaf) is observed less than CLas because
they require specific ecological environments. Bacterial disease described in 1929 inIndia as citrus die back. However,
the bacterial disease has already been known in China as yellow shoot in the 1890s.
There is no 100% effective management methods controling this devastating
widespread disease. It reveals that citrus greening is very dangerous and
important disease. The disease can be disseminated via vectors, African Citrus Psyllid (Trioza erytreae Del Gue), other Psyllid species (Asian Citrus Psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama), or infected
bud grafting. Especially, HLB is an effective disease on orange, mandarin,
tangelo and grapefruit seedlings or trees regardless of age.  Typical infected tree symptoms can be
confused with zinc deficiency, some abiotic stress factors, or some other
citrus diseases symptoms.

Keywords

Candidatus liberibacter Greening, psyllid, Asia, Africa, Huanglongbing, yellow shoot, dieback

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