Farklı Arazi Örtüsünün Arazi Degradasyonu Üzerine Etkileri: Çanakkale Çıplak Köyü Örneği

Year 2021, Volume: 31 Issue: 2, 180 - 193, 15.12.2021

Timuçin Everest , Ali Sungur Mehmet Parlak Erdem Temel , Hasan Özcan

https://doi.org/10.18615/anadolu.1030058

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Çanakkale-Karamenderes ovasının fluviyal taşkın düzlüğü üzerinde oluşmuş ve benzer özelliklere sahip fakat farklı arazi örtüsünün bulunduğu üç farklı parselde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada arazi örtüsündeki değişimin toprakların fiziko-kimyasal özellikleri ve ağır metal içerikleri üzerine olan etkileri incelenmiştir. Amaç doğrultusunda 15 yıldır mısır tarımı yapılan arazi (P1), 7 yıldır mısır tarımı yapılan arazi (P2) ve münavebeli tarımın yapıldığı arazi (P3) olmak üzere üç farklı parsel seçilmiştir. Taksonomik incelemeler neticesinde (P1)’de önemli düzeyde sıkışma ve pulluk altı katmanının oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre (P1) profilinde hacim ağırlığında %12’lik artış yaşanırken, diğer parsellerde bu artışın %7,5 (P2) ve %8,6 (P3) olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışma sonuçları ağır metallerin önemli derecede litolojiden etkilendiği fakat Cd ve kısmen Pb’nin antropojenik kaynaklardan etkilendiğine işaret etmiştir. Cd elementinin konsantrasyonları her üç parselde kritik değerlerin üzerinde bulunmuş ve toprakların Cd ile kontamine olduğu belirlenmiştir. Diğer yandan, Pb’nin birinci derece kaynağı litoloji olmakla beraber antropojenik kaynaklardan da (emisyonlar ve tarımsal üretimde kullanılan kimyasallar) etkilenmiş olabileceğini gösterilmiştir. Jeobirikim indeksine göre yapılan değerlendirmede bu sonuçları desteklemiştir. Sonuç olarak 15 yıl ard arda mısır tarımı yapılan parselde toprağın bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerinde (özellikle sıkışma, Cd ve Pb içeriği) değişim olduğu ortaya konmuştur.

Keywords

Ağır metal, arazi kullanım türü, degradasyon, monokültür tarım

Effects of Different Land Cover on Land Degradation: The Case of Çanakkale Çıplak Village

Abstract

This study was carried out in the Fluvial Flood Plain of Çanakkale-Karamenderes plain. The parcels on which the study was carried out have similar characteristics and have different land cover. In the study, we examined how land use type affects the physicochemical properties and heavy metal contents of soils. For this purpose, three different parcels were selected, namely, the land where maize has been cultivated for 15 years (P1), the land where maize has been cultivated for 7 years (P2), and the land where alternate agriculture has been carried out (P3). As a result of taxonomic survey, it was determined that a significant level of compaction and plowed layer occurred in (P1). Analysis results showed that there was an increase of 12% in bulk density in (P1). On the other hand, it was observed that this increase was lower in other parcels: P2 (7.5 %) and P3 (8.6 %). The results of the study indicated that heavy metals were significantly affected by lithology, but Cd and partial Pb were affected by anthropogenic sources. The concentrations of Cd were found to be above the critical values in all three parcels, and it was determined that the soils were contaminated with Cd. In addition, the results showed that although the primary source of Pb is lithology, it may have been affected by anthropogenic sources (emissions and chemicals used in agricultural production). The evaluation of the geoaccumulation index also supported these results. As a result, it was revealed that some physical and chemical properties of soil (especially compaction, Cd, and Pb content) were changed in the parcel where maize cultivation was carried out for 15 consecutive years.

Keywords

Heavy metals, land use type, degradation, monoculture agriculture

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