UZUN DÖNEMLİ DALGALANMALAR YENİLİKLER VE YENİ EKONOMİ

Year 2003, Volume: 19 Issue: 1, 145 - 160, 01.12.2003

Verda Canbey Özgüler

Abstract

Dünya yeni bir teknolojik çağa girmiştir. Sanayi toplumunda geçmişte yaşananlara benzer gelişmeler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu teknolojik dalgaların ya da çağın varlığına ilk dikkat çeken ekonomist Kondratieff olmuştur. Schumpeter, Freeman ve Perez, 1785'ten başlayan ve yaklaşık 50 yıl süren uzun dalgalarla ilgili çalışmalar yapmışlardır.
Ekonomik ve kurumsal sistemi derinden etkileyen bu yeni gelişmelerle; yeni girişimler ortaya çıkmakta, varolan faaliyetler için yeni uygulamalar söz­konusu olmakta ve yeni meslekler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ortaya çıkan yeni fır­satlar ve problemler firmaların ve devletin faaliyetlerini de etkilemektedir.
Bilgisayarlar (yazılım ve donanım gibi tüm bileşenleri), uydular, kablolu yada kablosuz iletişime dayalı küresel bilgi ağları temel teknolojiler olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Tüm bu bileşenler; bilginin işlenmesi, yayılması ve analiz edilmesine yönelik olarak önceden hayal bile edilemeyen gelişmeler ortaya çıkarmıştır.

The world has entered a new technological era. There are develop­ments similar the ones that occurred in the past in the industrial society. The first economist who pointed out this new era and technological waves was the Soviet economist Kondratieff. There are also other scholars like Schumpeter, Freeman and Perez who studied the long wa.ves that started in 1785 and lasted approximately 50 years.
New enterprises, new applications for already existent activities and new professions emerge through these new developments that affect the economic and industrial systems deeply. The new opportunities and prob­lems also affect the activities of the firms and government.
Computers (ali categories of hardware and software), satellites and global information communication networks based on optic fiber or wireless communications are the key technologies. AII of these elements emerge developments, that were impossible to imagine before, towards analyzing, processing, disseminating of information.

Keywords

Kondratieff Dalgalar, Uzun Dalgalar, Yenilikler

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