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Year 2020, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 47 - 59, 17.06.2020

Esra N. Kılcı , Adil Akıncı

Abstract

References

  • Adkins, L.C., Moomaw, R.L. & Savvides, A. (2002) Institutions Freedom and Technical Efficiency, Southern Economic Journal, 69, 92-108.
  • Azman-Saini, W. N. W., Baharumshah, A. Z. & Law, S. H. (2010). Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Freedom and Economic Growth: International Evidence, Economic Modelling, 27(5), 1079-1089.
  • Bengoa, M. & Sanchez-Robles, B. (2003). Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Freedom and Growth: New Evidence from Latin America, European Journal of Political Economy, 19(3), 529-545.
  • Berggren, N. (2003). The Benefits of Economic Freedom: A Survey, Independent Review, 8(2), 193-211.
  • Becker, R., Enders, W. & Lee, J. (2006). A Stationarity Test in the Presence of an Unknown Number of Smooth Breaks, Journal of Time Series Analysis, 3(5), 381-409.
  • Bekaert, G., Harvey, C.R. & Lundblad, C. (2005). Does Financial Liberalization Spur Growth?, Journal of Financial Economics, 77, 3-55.
  • Çetenak, Ö.Ö. & Işık, M. (2016). Ekonomik Özgürlükler ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi: OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Uygulama, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 6(1), 1-16.
  • Freedom House (2020). Freedom House’s Index. https://freedomhouse.org/countries/freedom-world/scores adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Haan, J. & Siermann, C.L.J. (1998). Further Evidence on the Relationship between Economic Freedom and Economic Growth, Public Choice, 95, 363-380.
  • Haan, J. & Sturm, J. E. (2000). On the Relationship between Economic Freedom and Economic Growth, European Journal of Political Economy, 16, 215-241.
  • Dawson, J.W. (1998). Institutions, Investment, and Growth: New Cross-Country and Panel Data Evidence, Economic Inquiry, 36(4), 603-619.
  • Dawson, J.W. (2003). Causality in Freedom-Growth Relationship, European Journal of Political Economy, 19, 479-495.
  • Dickey, D. A. & Fuller, A. W. (1981). Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root, Econometrica, 49(4), 1057-1072.
  • Doucouliagos, C. & Ulubasoğlu, M.A. (2006). Economic Freedom and Economic Growth: Does Specification Make a Difference?, European Journal of Political Economy, 22(1), 60-81.
  • Dünya Bankası (2019). Worldbank Open Data. https://data.worldbank.org adresinden ulaşılmıştır. Phillips, P. C. B. & Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression, Biometrika, 75, 335-346.
  • Güney, T. (2017). Türkiye ve BRICS Ülkelerinde Ekonomik Özgürlüğün Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi, International Review of Economics and Management, 5(2), 30-47.
  • Gwartney, J., Lawson, R. & W. Block (1996). Economic Freedom in the World, 1975-1995, Fraser Institute.https://www.fraserinstitute.org/sites/default/files/EconomicFreedomoftheWorld1975-1995.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Gwartney, J. & Lawson, R. (2009). Economic Freedom of the World: 2009, Annual Report, Fraser Institute.https://www.fraserinstitute.org/sites/default/files/EconomicFreedomoftheWorld2009.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Gwartney, J., Lawson, R., Hall, J. & Murphy, R. (2019). Economic Freedom of the World 2019 Annual Report, https://www.fraserinstitute.org/sites/default/files/economic-freedom-of-the-world-2019.pdf Hafer, R.W. (2013). Economic Freedom and Financial Development: International Evidence, Cato Journal, 33, 111-126.
  • Hall, J., & Lawson, R. (2014). Economic Freedom of the World: An Accounting of the Literature, Contemporary Economic Policy, 32(1), 1-19.
  • Heckelman, J. C. (2000). Economic Freedom and Economic Growth: A Short-Run Causal Investigation, Journal of Applied Economics, 3(1), 71-91.
  • Helmy, H.E. (2017). The Index of “Economic Independence: A New Measure of an Economy’s Ability to Survive Unilaterally, Journal of Economic Issues, 51(3), 782-812.
  • Heritage Vakfı (2019). Index of Economic Freedom. https://www.heritage.org/index/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Justesen, M. K. (2008). The Effect of Economic Freedom on Growth Revisited: New Evidence on Causality from a Panel of Countries 1970-1999, European Journal of Political Economy, 24(3), 642-660.
  • Karabegovic, A., Samida, D. Schlegel, C. & McMahon, F. (2003). North American Economic Freedom: An Index of 10 Canadian Provinces and 50 US States, European Journal of Political Economy, 19(2003), 431-452.
  • Kılcı, E. N. (2018). Ekonomik Özgürlük Endeksi ile Makroekonomik İndikatörler Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisinin İncelenmesi; Türkiye Örneği, Dünden Bugüne Ekonomi Yazıları II, 151-170.
  • Lawson, R.A. (2009). Economic Freedom and the Wealth and Well-Being of Nations, The Annual Proceedings of the Wealth and Well-Being of Nations, 65-80. https://www.beloit.edu/upton/assets/Lawson.pgs.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Maki, D. (2012). Tests for Cointegration allowing for an Unknown Number of Breaks, Economic Modelling, 29(5), 2011-2015.
  • Mankiw, N.G. (1987). The Optimal Collection of Seigniorage: Theory and Evidence, Journal of Monetary Economics, 20(2), 327-341.
  • Miller, J. & Holmes, K.R. (2010). 2010 Index of Economic Freedom, Heritage Organization, https://www.heritage.org/index/pdf/2010/index2010_full.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Miller, T., Kim, A.B. & Roberts, J.M. (2018). 2018 Index of Economic Freedom, The Heritage Foundation, 1- 470 Available at; https://www.heritage.org/index/pdf/2018/book/index_2018.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Nazlioglu, Ş., Görmüş, A. & Soytaş, U. (2016). Oil Prices and Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs): Gradual-shift Causality and Volatility Transmission Analysis, Energy Economics, (60), 168-175. Olson, R. (2014). Using the Index of Economic Freedom A Practical Guide for Citizens and Leaders, The Heritage Foundation, 1-16. http://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/2014/pdf/UsingTheIndexOfEconomicFreedomBooklet.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Schaefer, B.D (2006). How Economic Freedom is Central to Development in Sub-Saharan Africa, Heritage Foundation, https://www.heritage.org/trade/report/how-economic-freedom-central-development-sub-saharan-africa adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Sucu, M.B. (2017). Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomilerinde Ekonomik Özgürlük, Büyüme ve Kalkınma İlişkisi: Bir Panel Veri Analizi, Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis, BETA Journals, 2(2), 135-167.
  • Şahin, D. (2018). BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Ekonomik Özgürlükler ve Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatrımları Arasındaki İlişki: Bootstrap Panel Nedensellik Testi, Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(16).
  • Rasiah, D., Ying, T.L. & Solarin, A. (2016). Economic Freedom Index and Stock Returns in Malaysia, Theoretical and Applied Economics, 1(606), 213-236.
  • Tunçsiper, B. & Biçen, Ö.F. (2015). Ekonomik Özgürlükler ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri Üzerine Bir İnceleme, International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2015, https://www.avekon.org/papers/1271.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Türen, U., Gökmen, Y.ve Dilek, H. (2011). Ekonomik Özgürlük Endeksinin Yurt Dışına Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım Yapan Türk Sermayesinin Ülke Seçim Kararına Etkisi Var mıdır?, Maliye Dergisi, 161, 298-325.
  • Williamson, C.R & Mathers, R.L. (2009). Economic Freedom, Culture, and Growth, Working Paper, No. 09-40, Mercatus Center, George Mason University, https://www.mercatus.org/system/files/Economic_Freedom_Culture_and_Growth.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Zghidi, N. & Sghaier, I. M & Abida, Z. (2016). Does Economic Freedom Enhance the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in North African Countries? A Panel Data Analysis, African Development Review, African Development Bank, 28(1), 64-74.

TÜRKİYE’DE EKONOMİK ÖZGÜRLÜK DÜZEYİNİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME VE DOĞRUDAN YATIRIMLAR ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASINA YÖNELİK BİR ANALİZ

Year 2020, Volume: 21 Issue: 2, 47 - 59, 17.06.2020

Esra N. Kılcı , Adil Akıncı

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye için, dünyada ekonomik özgürlük düzeyinin karşılaştırmalı olarak ölçülmesine olanak sağlayan endekslerden biri olan Heritage Vakfı Ekonomik Özgürlük Endeksi kullanılarak, ekonomik özgürlük genel endeksi ile ekonomik büyüme oranları ve doğrudan yatırımlar arasındaki ilişkinin analiz edilmesidir. Analize konu dönem, 1995-2018 periyodudur. Değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönemli ilişkinin varlığı, Maki (2012) analizi kullanılarak araştırılmaktadır. Analiz sonuçları, Türkiye’de ilgili dönemde, ekonomik özgürlük endeksinin doğrudan yatırımlar ve ekonomik büyüme üzerinde etkisi olduğuna işaret etmektedir.

Keywords

Ekonomik Özgürlük Endeksi Ekonomik Büyüme Doğrudan Yatırımlar

References

  • Adkins, L.C., Moomaw, R.L. & Savvides, A. (2002) Institutions Freedom and Technical Efficiency, Southern Economic Journal, 69, 92-108.
  • Azman-Saini, W. N. W., Baharumshah, A. Z. & Law, S. H. (2010). Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Freedom and Economic Growth: International Evidence, Economic Modelling, 27(5), 1079-1089.
  • Bengoa, M. & Sanchez-Robles, B. (2003). Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Freedom and Growth: New Evidence from Latin America, European Journal of Political Economy, 19(3), 529-545.
  • Berggren, N. (2003). The Benefits of Economic Freedom: A Survey, Independent Review, 8(2), 193-211.
  • Becker, R., Enders, W. & Lee, J. (2006). A Stationarity Test in the Presence of an Unknown Number of Smooth Breaks, Journal of Time Series Analysis, 3(5), 381-409.
  • Bekaert, G., Harvey, C.R. & Lundblad, C. (2005). Does Financial Liberalization Spur Growth?, Journal of Financial Economics, 77, 3-55.
  • Çetenak, Ö.Ö. & Işık, M. (2016). Ekonomik Özgürlükler ile Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisi: OECD Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Uygulama, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 6(1), 1-16.
  • Freedom House (2020). Freedom House’s Index. https://freedomhouse.org/countries/freedom-world/scores adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Haan, J. & Siermann, C.L.J. (1998). Further Evidence on the Relationship between Economic Freedom and Economic Growth, Public Choice, 95, 363-380.
  • Haan, J. & Sturm, J. E. (2000). On the Relationship between Economic Freedom and Economic Growth, European Journal of Political Economy, 16, 215-241.
  • Dawson, J.W. (1998). Institutions, Investment, and Growth: New Cross-Country and Panel Data Evidence, Economic Inquiry, 36(4), 603-619.
  • Dawson, J.W. (2003). Causality in Freedom-Growth Relationship, European Journal of Political Economy, 19, 479-495.
  • Dickey, D. A. & Fuller, A. W. (1981). Likelihood Ratio Statistics for Autoregressive Time Series with a Unit Root, Econometrica, 49(4), 1057-1072.
  • Doucouliagos, C. & Ulubasoğlu, M.A. (2006). Economic Freedom and Economic Growth: Does Specification Make a Difference?, European Journal of Political Economy, 22(1), 60-81.
  • Dünya Bankası (2019). Worldbank Open Data. https://data.worldbank.org adresinden ulaşılmıştır. Phillips, P. C. B. & Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a Unit Root in Time Series Regression, Biometrika, 75, 335-346.
  • Güney, T. (2017). Türkiye ve BRICS Ülkelerinde Ekonomik Özgürlüğün Ekonomik Büyüme Üzerindeki Etkisi, International Review of Economics and Management, 5(2), 30-47.
  • Gwartney, J., Lawson, R. & W. Block (1996). Economic Freedom in the World, 1975-1995, Fraser Institute.https://www.fraserinstitute.org/sites/default/files/EconomicFreedomoftheWorld1975-1995.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Gwartney, J. & Lawson, R. (2009). Economic Freedom of the World: 2009, Annual Report, Fraser Institute.https://www.fraserinstitute.org/sites/default/files/EconomicFreedomoftheWorld2009.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Gwartney, J., Lawson, R., Hall, J. & Murphy, R. (2019). Economic Freedom of the World 2019 Annual Report, https://www.fraserinstitute.org/sites/default/files/economic-freedom-of-the-world-2019.pdf Hafer, R.W. (2013). Economic Freedom and Financial Development: International Evidence, Cato Journal, 33, 111-126.
  • Hall, J., & Lawson, R. (2014). Economic Freedom of the World: An Accounting of the Literature, Contemporary Economic Policy, 32(1), 1-19.
  • Heckelman, J. C. (2000). Economic Freedom and Economic Growth: A Short-Run Causal Investigation, Journal of Applied Economics, 3(1), 71-91.
  • Helmy, H.E. (2017). The Index of “Economic Independence: A New Measure of an Economy’s Ability to Survive Unilaterally, Journal of Economic Issues, 51(3), 782-812.
  • Heritage Vakfı (2019). Index of Economic Freedom. https://www.heritage.org/index/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Justesen, M. K. (2008). The Effect of Economic Freedom on Growth Revisited: New Evidence on Causality from a Panel of Countries 1970-1999, European Journal of Political Economy, 24(3), 642-660.
  • Karabegovic, A., Samida, D. Schlegel, C. & McMahon, F. (2003). North American Economic Freedom: An Index of 10 Canadian Provinces and 50 US States, European Journal of Political Economy, 19(2003), 431-452.
  • Kılcı, E. N. (2018). Ekonomik Özgürlük Endeksi ile Makroekonomik İndikatörler Arasındaki Nedensellik İlişkisinin İncelenmesi; Türkiye Örneği, Dünden Bugüne Ekonomi Yazıları II, 151-170.
  • Lawson, R.A. (2009). Economic Freedom and the Wealth and Well-Being of Nations, The Annual Proceedings of the Wealth and Well-Being of Nations, 65-80. https://www.beloit.edu/upton/assets/Lawson.pgs.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Maki, D. (2012). Tests for Cointegration allowing for an Unknown Number of Breaks, Economic Modelling, 29(5), 2011-2015.
  • Mankiw, N.G. (1987). The Optimal Collection of Seigniorage: Theory and Evidence, Journal of Monetary Economics, 20(2), 327-341.
  • Miller, J. & Holmes, K.R. (2010). 2010 Index of Economic Freedom, Heritage Organization, https://www.heritage.org/index/pdf/2010/index2010_full.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Miller, T., Kim, A.B. & Roberts, J.M. (2018). 2018 Index of Economic Freedom, The Heritage Foundation, 1- 470 Available at; https://www.heritage.org/index/pdf/2018/book/index_2018.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Nazlioglu, Ş., Görmüş, A. & Soytaş, U. (2016). Oil Prices and Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs): Gradual-shift Causality and Volatility Transmission Analysis, Energy Economics, (60), 168-175. Olson, R. (2014). Using the Index of Economic Freedom A Practical Guide for Citizens and Leaders, The Heritage Foundation, 1-16. http://thf_media.s3.amazonaws.com/2014/pdf/UsingTheIndexOfEconomicFreedomBooklet.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Schaefer, B.D (2006). How Economic Freedom is Central to Development in Sub-Saharan Africa, Heritage Foundation, https://www.heritage.org/trade/report/how-economic-freedom-central-development-sub-saharan-africa adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Sucu, M.B. (2017). Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomilerinde Ekonomik Özgürlük, Büyüme ve Kalkınma İlişkisi: Bir Panel Veri Analizi, Bulletin of Economic Theory and Analysis, BETA Journals, 2(2), 135-167.
  • Şahin, D. (2018). BRICS-T Ülkelerinde Ekonomik Özgürlükler ve Doğrudan Yabancı Sermaye Yatrımları Arasındaki İlişki: Bootstrap Panel Nedensellik Testi, Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(16).
  • Rasiah, D., Ying, T.L. & Solarin, A. (2016). Economic Freedom Index and Stock Returns in Malaysia, Theoretical and Applied Economics, 1(606), 213-236.
  • Tunçsiper, B. & Biçen, Ö.F. (2015). Ekonomik Özgürlükler ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri Üzerine Bir İnceleme, International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2015, https://www.avekon.org/papers/1271.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Türen, U., Gökmen, Y.ve Dilek, H. (2011). Ekonomik Özgürlük Endeksinin Yurt Dışına Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırım Yapan Türk Sermayesinin Ülke Seçim Kararına Etkisi Var mıdır?, Maliye Dergisi, 161, 298-325.
  • Williamson, C.R & Mathers, R.L. (2009). Economic Freedom, Culture, and Growth, Working Paper, No. 09-40, Mercatus Center, George Mason University, https://www.mercatus.org/system/files/Economic_Freedom_Culture_and_Growth.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır.
  • Zghidi, N. & Sghaier, I. M & Abida, Z. (2016). Does Economic Freedom Enhance the Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in North African Countries? A Panel Data Analysis, African Development Review, African Development Bank, 28(1), 64-74.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesileri
Authors

Esra N. Kılcı 0000-0002-2239-4560

Adil Akıncı 0000-0002-2181-6952

Publication Date June 17, 2020
Submission Date April 25, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 21 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kılcı, E. N., & Akıncı, A. (2020). TÜRKİYE’DE EKONOMİK ÖZGÜRLÜK DÜZEYİNİN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME VE DOĞRUDAN YATIRIMLAR ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN ARAŞTIRILMASINA YÖNELİK BİR ANALİZ. Anadolu Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 47-59.
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