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OPENNESS, EXCHANGE RATE AND INFLATION: AN ASYMMETRIC ANALYSIS FOR TURKEY

Year 2023, Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 518 - 534, 27.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.53443/anadoluibfd.1245291

Abstract

The magnitude of the effect of openness and changes in exchange rates on inflation is important for monetary policymakers. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of openness and exchange rate on inflation in Turkey. NARDL method was used in the study within the framework of the foresight that these relations may be asymmetrical for Turkey. Within the framework of the main findings obtained from the study, we reject Romer's (1993) hypothesis that there is a negative relationship between trade openness and inflation. A negative relationship was found between financial openness and inflation in the long run. In addition, a long-term negative relationship was found between the real effective exchange rate and inflation. According to the empirical findings, the relationship between trade openness and inflation is asymmetrical in the long run and symmetrical in the short run. In addition, the relationship between financial openness, real effective exchange rate, and inflation are asymmetrical both in the long and short run. Within the framework of the findings, this study shows to policymakers that Romer's (1993) hypothesis is not valid for Turkey and that financial openness is one of the determinants of inflation.

References

  • Aizenman, J., & Noy, I. (2009). Endogenous financial and trade openness. Review of Development Economics, 13(2), 175-189 doi:10.1111/j.1467-9361.2008.00488.x
  • Ajao, M.G. (2012). Inflation, financial openness, exchange rate, and stock market volatility. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 11(2), 623-639.
  • Ajaz, T., Nain, M. Z., & Kamaiah, B. (2016). Inflation and openness in India: An asymmetric approach. Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies, 9(2), 190-203. doi: 10.1080/17520843.2016.1162825
  • Alcala, F., & Ciccone, A. (2004). Trade and productivity. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119(2), 613–646. doi:10.1162/0033553041382139
  • Ata, A. Y., & Dallı, T. (2022). Ticari dışa açıklık ve enflasyon ilişkisinin ampirik analizi: Türkiye örneği. Journal of Economics and Research, 3(2), 61-74.
  • Ayvaz Kızılgöl, Ö., & İpek, E. (2015). Türkiye’de enflasyon ile ticaret açıklığı arasındaki ilişki. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(4), 43-54.
  • Babatunde, M.A. (2017). Trade openness and inflation in Nigeria: A nonlinear ARDL Analysis. Journal of economics and sustainable development, 8, 129-148.
  • Badinger, H. (2009). Globalization, the output‐inflation tradeoff and inflation, European Economic Review, 53(8), 888‐907.
  • Bianchi, F., & Civelli, A. (2015). Globalization and inflation: Evidence from a time-varying VAR. Review of Economic Dynamics, 18(2), 406-433.
  • Bowdler, C., & Malik, A. (2017). Openness and inflation volatility: Panel data evidence. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 41, 57-69.
  • Calderón, C., & Schmidt Hebbel, K. (2008). What drives inflation in the world? (Working Papers Central Bank of Chile 491). Central Bank of Chile.
  • Chhabra, M., & Alam, Q. (2020). An empirical study of trade openness and inflation in India. Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, 47(1), 79-90.
  • Cooke, D. (2010). Openness and inflation. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 42(2-3), 267-287.
  • Daniels, J. P., & VanHoose, D. D. (2006). Openness, the sacrifice ratio, and inflation: Is there a puzzle?, Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, 25(8), 1336-1347.
  • Doru, Ö., & Düşünceli, F. (2021). Türkiye’de Ticari Dışa Açıklık ve Enflasyon İlişkisi: ARDL sınır testi ve nedensellik analizi. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(23), 37-54.
  • Elhassan, T. G. E. (2020). The asymmetric impact of trade openness on inflation in Sudan. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 10(12), 1396–1409.
  • Evbayiro-Osagies, E. I., & Kehinde, E.F. (2015). Inflation rates, financial openness, exchange rates and stock market return volatility in Nigeria. ICAN Journal of Accounting and Finance, 4(1), 125-140.
  • Ghosh, A. (2014). How do openness and exchange-rate regimes affect inflation?. International Review of Economics & Finance, 34, 190-202. doi:10.1016/j.iref.2014.08.008
  • Granato, J., Lo, M., & Wong, M. (2007). A note on Romer's openness inflation relation: The responsiveness of AS and AD to economic openness and monetary policy. Journal of Applied Economics, 39(2), 191-197.
  • Gruben W.C., & Mcleod D. (2004). The openness-inflation puzzle revisited. Applied Economics Letters, 11(8), 465-468. doi: 10.1080/1350485042000244477
  • Güneş, Ş., & Konur, F. (2013). Türkiye ekonomisinde dışa açıklık ve enflasyon ilişkisi üzerine ampirik bir analiz. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), 7-20.
  • Kydland, F., & Prescott, E. (1977). Rules rather than discretion: The inconsistency of optimal plans. Journal of Political Economy, 85, 473–491.
  • Lartey, Emmanuel K.K. (2012). Financial openness, nontradable inflation and optimal monetary policy. Economics Letters, Elsevier, 117(3), 782-785.
  • Lin, H.-Y. (2010). Openness and inflation revisited. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 37, 40-45.
  • Lin F., Mei D., Wang H., & Yao X. (2017). Romer was right on openness and inflation: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa, Journal of Applied Economics, 20(1), 121-140. doi: 10.1016/S1514-0326(17)30006-5
  • Mahmoudzadeh, M., & Shadab, L. (2012). Inflation and trade freedom: An empirical analysis. World Applied Sciences Journal, 18(2), 286-291.
  • Munir, S., & Kiani, A. K. (2011). Relationship between trade openness and inflation: Empirical evidences from Pakistan (1976–2010). The Pakistan Development Review, 50(4), 853-876.
  • Narayan, P. K., & Smyth, R. (2006). What determines migration flows from low‐income to high‐income countries? An empirical investigation of Fiji–Us migration 1972–2001. Contemporary Economic Policy, 24(2), 332-342.
  • Özçağ, M., & Bölükbaş, M. (2018). Ticari dışa açıklık ve enflasyon ilişkisi: Romer hipotezi çerçevesinde Türkiye için bir analiz. Maliye Dergisi, 174, 12-30.
  • Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R.J., (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326.
  • Romer, D. (1993). Openness and inflation: Theory and evidence. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 58, 869–903.
  • Sakanko, M. A., & Joseph, D. (2019). Trade openness and ınflation: Empirical explanation of the nexus in Nigeria. International Journal of Social Sciences and Economic Review, 1(2), 35-45.
  • Samimi A.J., Ghaderi S., Hosseinzadeh R., & Nademi Y. (2012). Openness and inflation: New empirical panel data evidence, Economics Letters, 117(3), 573-577. doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2012.07.028
  • Sekmen, F. (2007). Açıklık ve para politikasının etkinliği: Türkiye uygulaması, Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 33, 171-177.
  • Shin,Y., Yu, B., & Greenwood-Nimmo, M., (2014). Modelling asymmetric cointegration and dynamic multipliers in a nonlinear ARDL framework. W.Horrace,& R. Sickles (Editörler) Festschrift in Honor of Peter Schmidt, (Vol. 44) (s. 281-314) içinde. New York: Springer.
  • Sizer, L. (2020). Döviz kuru ve dışa açıklığın enflasyon üzerindeki etkisi: Doğrusal olmayan regresyon analizi. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(19), 146-158.
  • Şimşek, D., & Hepaktan, C. E. (2019). Ticari açıklık, istihdam ve enflasyon ilişkisi: Türkiye örneği. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(4), 316-336
  • Terra, C. T. (1998). Openness and inflation: A new assessment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(2), 641-648.
  • Tytell, I., & Wei, S. J. (2004). Does financial globalization induce better macroeconomic policies? (International monetary fund working paper. No. 04/84).
  • Wynne, M.A., & E. K. Kersting (2007). Openness and inflation. Federal reserve bank of dallas. (Staff Papers, No.2.) Zakaria, M. (2010). Openness and inflation: Evidence from time series data. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 11(2), 313-322.

DIŞA AÇIKLIK, DÖVİZ KURU VE ENFLASYON: TÜRKİYE İÇİN ASİMETRİK BİR ANALİZ

Year 2023, Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 518 - 534, 27.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.53443/anadoluibfd.1245291

Abstract

Ülkelerin dışa açıklığının ve bununla birlikte döviz kurlarındaki değişmelerin enflasyon üzerindeki etkisinin büyüklüğü para politikası yapıcıları açısından önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye için dışa açıklık ve döviz kurunun enflasyon üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Türkiye için bu ilişkilerin asimetrik olabileceği düşüncesiyle, çalışmada NARDL yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen temel bulgular çerçevesinde, Romer (1993)’in ticari dışa açıklık ile enflasyon arasında negatif ilişki bulunduğuna yönelik hipotezi reddedilmiştir. Finansal dışa açıklık ile enflasyon arasında ise uzun dönemde negatif ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca reel efektif döviz kuru ile enflasyon arasında uzun dönemde negatif ilişki saptanmıştır. Çalışmanın ampirik bulgularına göre, ticari dışa açıklık ile enflasyon arasındaki ilişki uzun dönemde asimetrik iken kısa dönemde simetriktir. Ayrıca finansal dışa açıklık ve reel efektif döviz kuru ile enflasyon arasındaki ilişki hem uzun dönemde hem de kısa dönemde asimetriktir. Bu çalışma, elde edilen bulgular çerçevesinde politika yapıcılara Türkiye için Romer (1993) hipotezinin geçerli olmadığını ve enflasyonun belirleyicilerinden birinin de finansal dışa açıklık olduğunu göstermektedir.

References

  • Aizenman, J., & Noy, I. (2009). Endogenous financial and trade openness. Review of Development Economics, 13(2), 175-189 doi:10.1111/j.1467-9361.2008.00488.x
  • Ajao, M.G. (2012). Inflation, financial openness, exchange rate, and stock market volatility. Indian Journal of Economics and Business, 11(2), 623-639.
  • Ajaz, T., Nain, M. Z., & Kamaiah, B. (2016). Inflation and openness in India: An asymmetric approach. Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies, 9(2), 190-203. doi: 10.1080/17520843.2016.1162825
  • Alcala, F., & Ciccone, A. (2004). Trade and productivity. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 119(2), 613–646. doi:10.1162/0033553041382139
  • Ata, A. Y., & Dallı, T. (2022). Ticari dışa açıklık ve enflasyon ilişkisinin ampirik analizi: Türkiye örneği. Journal of Economics and Research, 3(2), 61-74.
  • Ayvaz Kızılgöl, Ö., & İpek, E. (2015). Türkiye’de enflasyon ile ticaret açıklığı arasındaki ilişki. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(4), 43-54.
  • Babatunde, M.A. (2017). Trade openness and inflation in Nigeria: A nonlinear ARDL Analysis. Journal of economics and sustainable development, 8, 129-148.
  • Badinger, H. (2009). Globalization, the output‐inflation tradeoff and inflation, European Economic Review, 53(8), 888‐907.
  • Bianchi, F., & Civelli, A. (2015). Globalization and inflation: Evidence from a time-varying VAR. Review of Economic Dynamics, 18(2), 406-433.
  • Bowdler, C., & Malik, A. (2017). Openness and inflation volatility: Panel data evidence. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 41, 57-69.
  • Calderón, C., & Schmidt Hebbel, K. (2008). What drives inflation in the world? (Working Papers Central Bank of Chile 491). Central Bank of Chile.
  • Chhabra, M., & Alam, Q. (2020). An empirical study of trade openness and inflation in India. Indian Institute of Management Calcutta, 47(1), 79-90.
  • Cooke, D. (2010). Openness and inflation. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 42(2-3), 267-287.
  • Daniels, J. P., & VanHoose, D. D. (2006). Openness, the sacrifice ratio, and inflation: Is there a puzzle?, Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, 25(8), 1336-1347.
  • Doru, Ö., & Düşünceli, F. (2021). Türkiye’de Ticari Dışa Açıklık ve Enflasyon İlişkisi: ARDL sınır testi ve nedensellik analizi. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 12(23), 37-54.
  • Elhassan, T. G. E. (2020). The asymmetric impact of trade openness on inflation in Sudan. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 10(12), 1396–1409.
  • Evbayiro-Osagies, E. I., & Kehinde, E.F. (2015). Inflation rates, financial openness, exchange rates and stock market return volatility in Nigeria. ICAN Journal of Accounting and Finance, 4(1), 125-140.
  • Ghosh, A. (2014). How do openness and exchange-rate regimes affect inflation?. International Review of Economics & Finance, 34, 190-202. doi:10.1016/j.iref.2014.08.008
  • Granato, J., Lo, M., & Wong, M. (2007). A note on Romer's openness inflation relation: The responsiveness of AS and AD to economic openness and monetary policy. Journal of Applied Economics, 39(2), 191-197.
  • Gruben W.C., & Mcleod D. (2004). The openness-inflation puzzle revisited. Applied Economics Letters, 11(8), 465-468. doi: 10.1080/1350485042000244477
  • Güneş, Ş., & Konur, F. (2013). Türkiye ekonomisinde dışa açıklık ve enflasyon ilişkisi üzerine ampirik bir analiz. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), 7-20.
  • Kydland, F., & Prescott, E. (1977). Rules rather than discretion: The inconsistency of optimal plans. Journal of Political Economy, 85, 473–491.
  • Lartey, Emmanuel K.K. (2012). Financial openness, nontradable inflation and optimal monetary policy. Economics Letters, Elsevier, 117(3), 782-785.
  • Lin, H.-Y. (2010). Openness and inflation revisited. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 37, 40-45.
  • Lin F., Mei D., Wang H., & Yao X. (2017). Romer was right on openness and inflation: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa, Journal of Applied Economics, 20(1), 121-140. doi: 10.1016/S1514-0326(17)30006-5
  • Mahmoudzadeh, M., & Shadab, L. (2012). Inflation and trade freedom: An empirical analysis. World Applied Sciences Journal, 18(2), 286-291.
  • Munir, S., & Kiani, A. K. (2011). Relationship between trade openness and inflation: Empirical evidences from Pakistan (1976–2010). The Pakistan Development Review, 50(4), 853-876.
  • Narayan, P. K., & Smyth, R. (2006). What determines migration flows from low‐income to high‐income countries? An empirical investigation of Fiji–Us migration 1972–2001. Contemporary Economic Policy, 24(2), 332-342.
  • Özçağ, M., & Bölükbaş, M. (2018). Ticari dışa açıklık ve enflasyon ilişkisi: Romer hipotezi çerçevesinde Türkiye için bir analiz. Maliye Dergisi, 174, 12-30.
  • Pesaran, M.H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R.J., (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326.
  • Romer, D. (1993). Openness and inflation: Theory and evidence. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 58, 869–903.
  • Sakanko, M. A., & Joseph, D. (2019). Trade openness and ınflation: Empirical explanation of the nexus in Nigeria. International Journal of Social Sciences and Economic Review, 1(2), 35-45.
  • Samimi A.J., Ghaderi S., Hosseinzadeh R., & Nademi Y. (2012). Openness and inflation: New empirical panel data evidence, Economics Letters, 117(3), 573-577. doi:10.1016/j.econlet.2012.07.028
  • Sekmen, F. (2007). Açıklık ve para politikasının etkinliği: Türkiye uygulaması, Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, 33, 171-177.
  • Shin,Y., Yu, B., & Greenwood-Nimmo, M., (2014). Modelling asymmetric cointegration and dynamic multipliers in a nonlinear ARDL framework. W.Horrace,& R. Sickles (Editörler) Festschrift in Honor of Peter Schmidt, (Vol. 44) (s. 281-314) içinde. New York: Springer.
  • Sizer, L. (2020). Döviz kuru ve dışa açıklığın enflasyon üzerindeki etkisi: Doğrusal olmayan regresyon analizi. Dicle Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(19), 146-158.
  • Şimşek, D., & Hepaktan, C. E. (2019). Ticari açıklık, istihdam ve enflasyon ilişkisi: Türkiye örneği. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(4), 316-336
  • Terra, C. T. (1998). Openness and inflation: A new assessment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113(2), 641-648.
  • Tytell, I., & Wei, S. J. (2004). Does financial globalization induce better macroeconomic policies? (International monetary fund working paper. No. 04/84).
  • Wynne, M.A., & E. K. Kersting (2007). Openness and inflation. Federal reserve bank of dallas. (Staff Papers, No.2.) Zakaria, M. (2010). Openness and inflation: Evidence from time series data. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 11(2), 313-322.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesileri
Authors

Cem Gökce 0000-0001-7805-6977

Publication Date March 27, 2023
Submission Date January 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 24 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gökce, C. (2023). DIŞA AÇIKLIK, DÖVİZ KURU VE ENFLASYON: TÜRKİYE İÇİN ASİMETRİK BİR ANALİZ. Anadolu Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(1), 518-534. https://doi.org/10.53443/anadoluibfd.1245291


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