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Chewing function: anatomy, physiology, and neurological control

Year 2022, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 95 - 102, 29.01.2022

Selen Serel Arslan

https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.902646
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Chewing, defined as the grinding of food with the teeth and its mixture with saliva and transformation into a swallowable bolus, requires coordinated operation of many structures including bone, muscle, and soft tissues. For accurate assessment, identification of possible causes, and determination of a patient-specific therapeutic approach, it is essential that the structures, developmental changes, and neurological control mechanisms involved in chewing be known well. The present study reviews information on all these factors.

Keywords

deglutition mastication nutritional status

References

  • Peyron MA, Woda A, Bourdiol P, Hennequin M. Age-related changes in mastication. J Oral Rehabil. 2017;44(4):299–312.
  • Lund JP, Kolta A. Generation of the central masticatory pattern and its modification by sensory feedback. Dysphagia. 2006;21(3):167–74.
  • van der Bilt A, Engelen L, Pereira LJ, van der Glas HW, Abbink JH. Oral physiology and mastication. Physiol Behav. 2006;89(1):22–7.
  • Serel Arslan S. Çocuklarda çiğneme bozukluklarına yaklaşım. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr. 2020;29(3):168–74.
  • Benfer KA, Weir KA, Bell KL, Ware RS, Davies PS, Boyd RN. Food and fluid texture consumption in a population-based cohort of preschool children with cerebral palsy: relationship to dietary intake. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2015;57(11):1056–63.
  • Kuperminc MN, Stevenson RD. Growth and nutrition disorders in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2008;14(2):137–46.
  • Serel Arslan S, Ilgaz F, Demir N, Karaduman AA. The effect of the inability to intake chewable food texture on growth, dietary intake and feeding behaviors of children with cerebral palsy. J Dev Phys Disabil. 2018;30:205–14.
  • Silva AS, Carminatti M, Lavra-Pinto B, Franzon R, Araujo FB, Gomes E. Masticatory profile in children from three to five-years old. Revista CEFAC. 2016;18(3):568–80.
  • Shaw SM, Martino R. The normal swallow: muscular and neurophysiological control. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2013;46(6):937–56.
  • Ottria L, Candotto V, Guzzo F, Gargari M, Barlattani A. Temporomandibular joint and related structures: anatomical and histological aspects. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2018;32(ek 1):203–7.
  • Sasegbon A, Hamdy S. The anatomy and physiology of normal and abnormal swallowing in oropharyngeal dysphagia. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2017;29(11).
  • Odabaş B, Gündüz Arslan S. Temporomandibular eklem anatomisi ve rahatsızlıkları. Dicle Med J. 2008;35(1):77–85.
  • Dağ C, Özalp N, Dağ M. Temporomandibular eklem ve temporomandibular düzensizlik. ADO Klinik Bilimler Derg. 2011;5(1):782–90.
  • Gezer Albayrak İ, Levendoğlu F. Temporomandibular eklem rahatsızlıklarının sınıflandırılması, tanı ve tedavisi. Genel Tıp Derg. 2016;26(1):34–40.
  • Sancak B, Cumhur M (ed.). Fonksiyonel Anatomi, Baş–Boyun ve İç Organlar, 6. ed. Ankara: ODTÜ Yayıncılık; 2012.
  • Westbrook KE, Nessel TA, Varacallo M. Anatomy, head and neck, facial muscles (2021). Erişim: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493209 (erişildi: 03.11.2020).
  • Alomar X, Medrano J, Cabratosa J, Clavero JA, Lorente M, Serra I, ve ark. Anatomy of the temporomandibular joint. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2007;28(3):170–83.
  • Ash MM, Nelson SJ. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion, 9. ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2003.
  • Serel Arslan S, Demir N, Barak Dolgun A, Karaduman AA. Development of a new instrument for determining the level of chewing function in children. J Oral Rehabil. 2016;43(7):488–95.
  • Soares MEC, Ramos-Jorge ML, de Alencar BM, Marques LS, Pereira LJ, Ramos-Jorge J. Factors associated with masticatory performance among preschool children. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21(1):159–66.
  • Özşin Özler C, Öztürk Ş, Uzamış Tekçiçek M. Yutma bozukluğu ve ağız sağlığı. Ankara Med J. 2019;19(4):789–95.
  • Pereira LJ, Gaviao MBD, van der Bilt A. Influence of oral characteristics and food products on masticatory function. Acta Odontol Scand. 2006;64(4):193–201.
  • Logemann JA. Critical factors in the oral control needed for chewing and swallowing. J Texture Stud. 2014;45(3):173–9.
  • Sanders I, Mu L. A three-dimensional atlas of human tongue muscles. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2013;296(7):1102–14.
  • Pedersen A, Sørensen CE, Proctor GB, Carpenter GH. Salivary functions in mastication, taste and textural perception, swallowing and initial digestion. Oral Dis. 2018;24(8):1399–416.
  • Vorperian HK, Kent RD, Lindstrom MJ, Kalina CM, Gentry LR, Yandell BS. Development of vocal tract length during early childhood: a magnetic resonance imaging study. J Acoust Soc Am. 2015;117:338–50.
  • Hohoff A, Stamm T, Meyer U, Wiechmann D, Ehmer U. Objective growth monitoring of the maxilla in full term infants. Arch Oral Biol. 2006;51:222–35.
  • Bruggink R, Baan F, Kramer GJC, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Bergé SJ, Maal TJJ, ve ark. Symmetry of palatal shape during the first year of life in healthy infants. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;25(3):1069–76.
  • Castelo PM, Pereira LJ, Bonjardim LR, Gavião MB. Changes in bite force, masticatory muscle thickness, and facial morphology between primary and mixed dentition in preschool children with normal occlusion. Ann Anat. 2010;192:23–6.
  • le Révérend BJ, Edelson LR, Loret C. Anatomical, functional, physiological and behavioural aspects of the development of mastication in early childhood. Br J Nutr. 2014;111(3):403–14.
  • van Keulen C, Martens G, Dermaut L. Unilateral posterior crossbite and chin deviation: is there a correlation?. Eur J Orthod. 2004;26(3):283–8.
  • Koc D, Dogan A, Bek B. Bite force and influential factors on bite force measurements: a literature review. Eur J Dent. 2010;4(2):223–32.
  • Öz U, Ciğer P. Çiğneme fonksiyonları ve maloklüzyon. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2013;23(3):436–40.
  • Charalampidou M, Kjellberg H, Georgiakaki I, Kiliaridis S. Masseter muscle thickness and mechanical advantage in relation to vertical craniofacial morphology in children. Acta Odontol Scand. 2008;66(1):23–30.
  • Castelo PM, Gavião MB, Pereira LJ, Bonjardim LR. Masticatory muscle thickness, bite force, and occlusal contacts in young children with unilateral posterior crossbite. Eur J Orthod. 2007;29(2):149–56.
  • The American Dental Association. For the dental patient. Tooth eruption: the primary teeth. J Am Dent Assoc. 2005;136:1619.
  • Meyer PG. Tongue lip and jaw differentiation and its relationship to orofacial myofunctional treatment. Int J Orofacial Myology. 2000;26:44–52.
  • Arvedson JC, Rudolph CD. Feeding and swallowing issues relevant to pediatric nutrition support. In: Baker SS, Baker RD, Davies AM (ed.), Pediatric Nutrition Support. Londra: Jones & Barlett; 2007:149–58.
  • Dovey TM, Martin C. Developmental cognitive and regulatory aspects of feeding disorders. In: Southall A, Martin C (ed.), Feeding Problems in Children. Oxford: Radcliff Publishing; 2011:94–110.
  • Wilson EM, Green JR, Weismer G. A kinematic description of the temporal characteristics of jaw motion for early chewing: preliminary findings. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2012;55(2):626–38.
  • Manno GJ, Fox C, Eicher PS, Kerwin ME. Early oral-motor interventions for pediatric feeding problems: what, when and how. J Early Intensive Behav Interv. 2005;2(3):145–59.
  • Delaney AL, Arvedson JC. Development of swallowing and feeding: prenatal through first year of life. Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2008;14(2):105–17.
  • Lepley C, Throckmorton G, Parker S, Buschang PH. Masticatory performance and chewing cycle kinematics. Angle Orthod. 2010;80(2):295–301.
  • Hiiemae KM. Mechanisms of food reduction, transport and deglutition: how the texture of food affects feeding behavior. J Texture Stud. 2004;35:171–200.
  • Pedersen AM, Bardow A, Jensen SB, Nauntofte B. Saliva and gastrointestinal functions of taste, mastication, swallowing and digestion. Oral Dis. 2002;8(3):117–29.
  • Fontijn-Tekamp FA, van der Bilt A, Abbink JH, Bosman F. Swallowing threshold and masticatory performance in dentate adults. Physiol Behav. 2004;83(3):431–6.
  • Lund JP, Kolta A. Brainstem circuits that control mastication: do they have anything to say during speech? J Commun Disord. 2006;39(5):381–90.
  • Hatanaka H, Ono Y, Takahashi K, Komasa Y. Influence of oral sensation on mastication and deglutition. J Osaka Dent Univ. 2013;47(1):139–48.
  • Yoneda M, Saitoh K. Modification of masticatory rhythmicity leading to the initiation of the swallowing reflex in humans. Dysphagia. 2018;33:358–68.
  • Ertekin C, Aydoğdu İ, Seçil Y. Orofaringiyal yutmanın fizyoloji ve nörolojisi. Ege Tıp Derg. 2002;41(3):163–75.
  • Kayabekir M, Tuncer M, Türker K. Çiğnemenin nörofizyolojisi ve genel motor kontrol ile etkileşimi. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2016;26(4):146–51.
  • Sessle BJ. Neural Basis of Oral and Facial Function. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2014.
  • Onozuka M, Fujita M, Watanabe K, Hirano Y, Niwa M, Nishiyama K, ve ark. Mapping brain region activity during chewing: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J Dent Res. 2002;81:743–6.
  • Takahashi T, Miyamoto T, Terao A, Yokoyama A. Cerebral activation related to the control of mastication during changes in food hardness. Neuroscience. 2007;145(3):791–4.
  • Onozuka M, Fujita M, Watanabe K, Hirano Y, Niwa M, Nishiyama K, ve ark. Age-related changes in brain regional activity during chewing: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J Dent Res. 2003;82:657–60.
  • Turker KS. Reflex control of human jaw muscles. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2002;13(1):85–104.

Çiğneme fonksiyonu: anatomi, fizyoloji ve nörolojik kontrol

Year 2022, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 95 - 102, 29.01.2022

Selen Serel Arslan

https://doi.org/10.21673/anadoluklin.902646
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Yiyeceklerin dişler ile öğütülmesi ve tükürük ile karıştırılarak yutulabilir bolus haline getirilmesi olarak tanımlanan çiğneme, kemik, kas ve yumuşak dokular gibi birçok yapının koordinasyon içinde çalışmasını gerektirir. Çiğneme bozukluğunda doğru değerlendirme, olası nedenlerin tanımlanması ve hastaya özel tedavi yaklaşımının belirlenmesi için çiğnemede görevli yapıların, büyümeye bağlı değişikliklerin ve nörolojik kontrol mekanizmalarının iyi bilinmesi şarttır. Bu çalışmada tüm bu etmenlere dair bilgiler derlenmiştir.

Keywords

beslenme durumu çiğneme yutma

References

  • Peyron MA, Woda A, Bourdiol P, Hennequin M. Age-related changes in mastication. J Oral Rehabil. 2017;44(4):299–312.
  • Lund JP, Kolta A. Generation of the central masticatory pattern and its modification by sensory feedback. Dysphagia. 2006;21(3):167–74.
  • van der Bilt A, Engelen L, Pereira LJ, van der Glas HW, Abbink JH. Oral physiology and mastication. Physiol Behav. 2006;89(1):22–7.
  • Serel Arslan S. Çocuklarda çiğneme bozukluklarına yaklaşım. Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr. 2020;29(3):168–74.
  • Benfer KA, Weir KA, Bell KL, Ware RS, Davies PS, Boyd RN. Food and fluid texture consumption in a population-based cohort of preschool children with cerebral palsy: relationship to dietary intake. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2015;57(11):1056–63.
  • Kuperminc MN, Stevenson RD. Growth and nutrition disorders in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2008;14(2):137–46.
  • Serel Arslan S, Ilgaz F, Demir N, Karaduman AA. The effect of the inability to intake chewable food texture on growth, dietary intake and feeding behaviors of children with cerebral palsy. J Dev Phys Disabil. 2018;30:205–14.
  • Silva AS, Carminatti M, Lavra-Pinto B, Franzon R, Araujo FB, Gomes E. Masticatory profile in children from three to five-years old. Revista CEFAC. 2016;18(3):568–80.
  • Shaw SM, Martino R. The normal swallow: muscular and neurophysiological control. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2013;46(6):937–56.
  • Ottria L, Candotto V, Guzzo F, Gargari M, Barlattani A. Temporomandibular joint and related structures: anatomical and histological aspects. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2018;32(ek 1):203–7.
  • Sasegbon A, Hamdy S. The anatomy and physiology of normal and abnormal swallowing in oropharyngeal dysphagia. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2017;29(11).
  • Odabaş B, Gündüz Arslan S. Temporomandibular eklem anatomisi ve rahatsızlıkları. Dicle Med J. 2008;35(1):77–85.
  • Dağ C, Özalp N, Dağ M. Temporomandibular eklem ve temporomandibular düzensizlik. ADO Klinik Bilimler Derg. 2011;5(1):782–90.
  • Gezer Albayrak İ, Levendoğlu F. Temporomandibular eklem rahatsızlıklarının sınıflandırılması, tanı ve tedavisi. Genel Tıp Derg. 2016;26(1):34–40.
  • Sancak B, Cumhur M (ed.). Fonksiyonel Anatomi, Baş–Boyun ve İç Organlar, 6. ed. Ankara: ODTÜ Yayıncılık; 2012.
  • Westbrook KE, Nessel TA, Varacallo M. Anatomy, head and neck, facial muscles (2021). Erişim: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493209 (erişildi: 03.11.2020).
  • Alomar X, Medrano J, Cabratosa J, Clavero JA, Lorente M, Serra I, ve ark. Anatomy of the temporomandibular joint. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2007;28(3):170–83.
  • Ash MM, Nelson SJ. Wheeler’s Dental Anatomy, Physiology, and Occlusion, 9. ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2003.
  • Serel Arslan S, Demir N, Barak Dolgun A, Karaduman AA. Development of a new instrument for determining the level of chewing function in children. J Oral Rehabil. 2016;43(7):488–95.
  • Soares MEC, Ramos-Jorge ML, de Alencar BM, Marques LS, Pereira LJ, Ramos-Jorge J. Factors associated with masticatory performance among preschool children. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21(1):159–66.
  • Özşin Özler C, Öztürk Ş, Uzamış Tekçiçek M. Yutma bozukluğu ve ağız sağlığı. Ankara Med J. 2019;19(4):789–95.
  • Pereira LJ, Gaviao MBD, van der Bilt A. Influence of oral characteristics and food products on masticatory function. Acta Odontol Scand. 2006;64(4):193–201.
  • Logemann JA. Critical factors in the oral control needed for chewing and swallowing. J Texture Stud. 2014;45(3):173–9.
  • Sanders I, Mu L. A three-dimensional atlas of human tongue muscles. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2013;296(7):1102–14.
  • Pedersen A, Sørensen CE, Proctor GB, Carpenter GH. Salivary functions in mastication, taste and textural perception, swallowing and initial digestion. Oral Dis. 2018;24(8):1399–416.
  • Vorperian HK, Kent RD, Lindstrom MJ, Kalina CM, Gentry LR, Yandell BS. Development of vocal tract length during early childhood: a magnetic resonance imaging study. J Acoust Soc Am. 2015;117:338–50.
  • Hohoff A, Stamm T, Meyer U, Wiechmann D, Ehmer U. Objective growth monitoring of the maxilla in full term infants. Arch Oral Biol. 2006;51:222–35.
  • Bruggink R, Baan F, Kramer GJC, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM, Bergé SJ, Maal TJJ, ve ark. Symmetry of palatal shape during the first year of life in healthy infants. Clin Oral Investig. 2021;25(3):1069–76.
  • Castelo PM, Pereira LJ, Bonjardim LR, Gavião MB. Changes in bite force, masticatory muscle thickness, and facial morphology between primary and mixed dentition in preschool children with normal occlusion. Ann Anat. 2010;192:23–6.
  • le Révérend BJ, Edelson LR, Loret C. Anatomical, functional, physiological and behavioural aspects of the development of mastication in early childhood. Br J Nutr. 2014;111(3):403–14.
  • van Keulen C, Martens G, Dermaut L. Unilateral posterior crossbite and chin deviation: is there a correlation?. Eur J Orthod. 2004;26(3):283–8.
  • Koc D, Dogan A, Bek B. Bite force and influential factors on bite force measurements: a literature review. Eur J Dent. 2010;4(2):223–32.
  • Öz U, Ciğer P. Çiğneme fonksiyonları ve maloklüzyon. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2013;23(3):436–40.
  • Charalampidou M, Kjellberg H, Georgiakaki I, Kiliaridis S. Masseter muscle thickness and mechanical advantage in relation to vertical craniofacial morphology in children. Acta Odontol Scand. 2008;66(1):23–30.
  • Castelo PM, Gavião MB, Pereira LJ, Bonjardim LR. Masticatory muscle thickness, bite force, and occlusal contacts in young children with unilateral posterior crossbite. Eur J Orthod. 2007;29(2):149–56.
  • The American Dental Association. For the dental patient. Tooth eruption: the primary teeth. J Am Dent Assoc. 2005;136:1619.
  • Meyer PG. Tongue lip and jaw differentiation and its relationship to orofacial myofunctional treatment. Int J Orofacial Myology. 2000;26:44–52.
  • Arvedson JC, Rudolph CD. Feeding and swallowing issues relevant to pediatric nutrition support. In: Baker SS, Baker RD, Davies AM (ed.), Pediatric Nutrition Support. Londra: Jones & Barlett; 2007:149–58.
  • Dovey TM, Martin C. Developmental cognitive and regulatory aspects of feeding disorders. In: Southall A, Martin C (ed.), Feeding Problems in Children. Oxford: Radcliff Publishing; 2011:94–110.
  • Wilson EM, Green JR, Weismer G. A kinematic description of the temporal characteristics of jaw motion for early chewing: preliminary findings. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2012;55(2):626–38.
  • Manno GJ, Fox C, Eicher PS, Kerwin ME. Early oral-motor interventions for pediatric feeding problems: what, when and how. J Early Intensive Behav Interv. 2005;2(3):145–59.
  • Delaney AL, Arvedson JC. Development of swallowing and feeding: prenatal through first year of life. Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2008;14(2):105–17.
  • Lepley C, Throckmorton G, Parker S, Buschang PH. Masticatory performance and chewing cycle kinematics. Angle Orthod. 2010;80(2):295–301.
  • Hiiemae KM. Mechanisms of food reduction, transport and deglutition: how the texture of food affects feeding behavior. J Texture Stud. 2004;35:171–200.
  • Pedersen AM, Bardow A, Jensen SB, Nauntofte B. Saliva and gastrointestinal functions of taste, mastication, swallowing and digestion. Oral Dis. 2002;8(3):117–29.
  • Fontijn-Tekamp FA, van der Bilt A, Abbink JH, Bosman F. Swallowing threshold and masticatory performance in dentate adults. Physiol Behav. 2004;83(3):431–6.
  • Lund JP, Kolta A. Brainstem circuits that control mastication: do they have anything to say during speech? J Commun Disord. 2006;39(5):381–90.
  • Hatanaka H, Ono Y, Takahashi K, Komasa Y. Influence of oral sensation on mastication and deglutition. J Osaka Dent Univ. 2013;47(1):139–48.
  • Yoneda M, Saitoh K. Modification of masticatory rhythmicity leading to the initiation of the swallowing reflex in humans. Dysphagia. 2018;33:358–68.
  • Ertekin C, Aydoğdu İ, Seçil Y. Orofaringiyal yutmanın fizyoloji ve nörolojisi. Ege Tıp Derg. 2002;41(3):163–75.
  • Kayabekir M, Tuncer M, Türker K. Çiğnemenin nörofizyolojisi ve genel motor kontrol ile etkileşimi. Ata Diş Hek Fak Derg. 2016;26(4):146–51.
  • Sessle BJ. Neural Basis of Oral and Facial Function. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2014.
  • Onozuka M, Fujita M, Watanabe K, Hirano Y, Niwa M, Nishiyama K, ve ark. Mapping brain region activity during chewing: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J Dent Res. 2002;81:743–6.
  • Takahashi T, Miyamoto T, Terao A, Yokoyama A. Cerebral activation related to the control of mastication during changes in food hardness. Neuroscience. 2007;145(3):791–4.
  • Onozuka M, Fujita M, Watanabe K, Hirano Y, Niwa M, Nishiyama K, ve ark. Age-related changes in brain regional activity during chewing: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J Dent Res. 2003;82:657–60.
  • Turker KS. Reflex control of human jaw muscles. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2002;13(1):85–104.
There are 56 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section REVİEW
Authors

Selen Serel Arslan 0000-0002-2463-7503

Publication Date January 29, 2022
Acceptance Date April 15, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 27 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Serel Arslan S. Çiğneme fonksiyonu: anatomi, fizyoloji ve nörolojik kontrol. Anatolian Clin. 2022;27(1):95-102.

Cited By

Konjenital Nörolojik Problemi Olan Çocuklarda Görülen Beslenme Sorunları ve Çözüm Önerileri
Türkiye Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.51536/tusbad.1233639
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