Bilgi Uçurma: Kavram ve Kuramsal Temeller

Year 2017, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 397 - 423, 01.07.2017

Ali Baltacı

https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.287916

Cited By: 6

Abstract

Bilgi uçurma, son dönemde yönetim bilimi alanyazınında sıklıkla tartışılan bir kavramdır. Bilgi uçurma, örgüt içinde etik değerler ve yasalarla çelişebilen durumların bildirilmesi davranışıdır. Genel olarak, yürürlükteki yasalara ve toplumca kabul edilmiş etik değer yargıları ve ilkelere aykırı ve gayrimeşru eylem ve davranışları fark eden örgüt çalışanının, söz konusu eylem ve davranışlardan etkilenmiş olabilecek veya bu eylem ve davranışları engelleyebilecek örgüt ya da kişilere yaptığı bilinçli duyuru durumu bilgi uçurma (whistleblowing) olarak ifade edilmektedir. Son dönemde giderek önemini arttıran bilgi uçurma kavramının kuramsal temellerine odaklanan bu çalışmada, bilgi uçurma kavramı ve bu kavramın farklı örgüt kuramları ile ilişkisi analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu çalışma bilgi uçurma kavramına ilişkin alanyazında eksikliği hissedilen noktalara yoğunlaşmaktadır.

Keywords

Bilgi Uçurma, Örgüt Kuramları, Bilgi Uçurma Kuramları, Örgüt Kuramları

Whistleblowing: Concept and Theoretical Foundations

Abstract

Whistleblowing is a frequently discussed concept in the recent period on management literature. Whistleblowing is reporting behavior of situations which conflict with ethical values and laws that occur in organizations.  Generally, whistleblowing is a behavior of the employee of the organization who is aware of the illegal acts and behaviors contrary to the current legislation and the ethical principles, accepted by the society which may be influenced by such actions or behaviors, or by the organization or persons who can prevent these actions and behaviors. In this study, focused on the theoretical bases of the whistleblowing increasing in importance in the recent period, the relationship between the whistleblowing and the different organizational theories of this concept were analyzed. In addition, this study focuses on the potential gaps in the literature regarding the concept of whistleblowing.

Keywords

Whistleblowing, Theories of Whistleblowing, Organizational Theory

References

• Ailon, G. (2006). What B would otherwise do: a critique of conceptualizations of ‘Power’in organizational theory. Organization, 13(6), 771-800.
• Aktan, C. C. (2006). Organizasyonlarda yanlış uygulamalara karşı bir sivil erdem, ahlaki tepki ve vicdani red davranışı: Whistleblowing. Mercek Dergisi, 1(13), 1-13.
• Anicich, A. (2009). Management Theorist: Chester Barnard's Theories of Management. Doctoral Research Papers, UMD (2): 1-15.
• Armstrong, D. (2005). Delicate operation: how a famed hospital invests in device it uses and promotes; Cleveland Clinic set up fund that has stock in maker of heart-surgery system. Wall Street journal (Eastern ed.), A1-A16.
• Aselage, J., & Eisenberger, R. (2003). Perceived organizational support and psychological contracts: A theoretical integration. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(3), 491-509.
• Atkinson, R.L., & Hilgard A., (2012). Hilgard's introduction to psychology. Philadelphia: Harcourt Brace College Publishers.
• Aydın, İ. P. (1998). Yönetsel mesleki ve örgütsel etik. Ankara: PegemA Yayıncılık.
• Aydın, U. (2003). İş hukuku açısından işçinin bilgi uçurması (Whistleblowing). Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2 (2), 79-100.
• Balcı, A., Baltacı, A., Fidan, T., Cereci, C., & Acar, U. (2012). Örgütsel sosyalleşmenin, örgütsel özdeşleşme ve örgütsel vatandaşlıkla ilişkisi: ilköğretim okulu yöneticileri üzerinde bir araştırma. Eğitim Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi-Journal of Educational Sciences Research, 2(2), 47-74.
• Balci, A. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma: Yöntem, teknik ve ilkeler. Ankara: PegemA Yayıncılık.
• Baltaci, A., & Balcı, A. (2017). Complexity Leadership: A Theorical Perspective. International Journal of Educational Leadership and Management, 5(1), 30-58.
• Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
• Başaran, E. (2010). Devlete 5.2 milyon kazandırdı, işsiz kaldı. (Erişim: 21.12. 2016), http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/devlete-5-2-milyon-kazandirdi-issiz-kaldi-14740826
• Bies, R., & Moag, J. (1986). Interactional justice: Communication criteria of fairness. In R. Lewicki, B. Sheppard, ve M. Bazerman (Eds.). Research on Negotiations in Organizations (Vol. 1). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
• Bies, R., Martin, C., & Brockner, J. (1993). Just laid-off, but still a ‘‘good citizen?” Only if the process is fair. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 6 (2), 227–238.
• Bjørkelo, B., Einarsen, S., & Matthiesen, S. B. (2010). Predicting proactive behaviour at work: Exploring the role of personality as an antecedent of whistleblowing behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(2), 371-394.
• Blau, G. J. (1986). Job involvement and organizational commitment as interactive predictors of tardiness and absenteeism. Journal of Management,12(4), 577-584.
• Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. New Jersey: John&Wiley Sons, Inc.
• Blizek, W. L. (2013). Service Learning. Teaching Ethics, 13(2), 73-84.
• Blumberg, G. (1971). Corporate responsibility and the employee's duty of loyalty and obedience: a preliminary ınquiry. Oklahoma Law Journal, 24, (4). 279-297.
• Bolsin, S., Pal, R., Wilmshurst, P., & Pena, M. (2011). Whistleblowing and patient safety: the patient's or the profession's interests at stake?. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 104 (7), 278-282.
• Bowie, N. (1982). Blowing the whistle and other `why be moral questions?, Business Ethics. Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice Hall. 138-149.
• Bradbaum, R. (2001). Understanding Business Ethics. London: Continuum,Ic.
• Brickey, K. F. (2003). From Enron to WorldCom and beyond: Life and crime after Sarbanes-Oxley. Washington University Law Quarterly, 81 (2), 142-165.
• Buchholza, R., & Rosenthal, B. S. (1998). Business Ethics. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
• Bullis, C. (1991). Communication practices as unobtrusive control: An observational study. Communication Studies, 42(3), 254-271.
• Cevizci, A. (2010). Felsefe terimleri sözlüğü. İstanbul: Paradigma yayınları.
• Cross, F. B., & Tiller, E. H. (1998). Judicial partisanship and obedience to legal doctrine: Whistleblowing on the federal courts of appeals. Yale Law Journal, 28 (2), 2155-2176.
• Davidson, R., Goodwin‐Stewart, J., & Kent, P. (2005). Internal governance structures and earnings management. Accounting & Finance, 45(2), 241-267.
• De Maria, W. (1999). Deadly Disclosures: Whistle Blowing and the Ethical Meltdown of Australia. New York: Wakefield Press.
• DeGeorge, R. T. (1990). Business Ethics. New York: McMillan Publishing.
• Delk, K. L. (2013). Whistleblowing—Is it Really Worth the Consequences?.Workplace health & safety, 61(2), 61-64.
• Delmas, C. (2014). The Ethics of Government Whistleblowing. Social Theory and Practice, 41(1), 77-105.
• Donkin, M., Smith, R., & Brown, A. J. (2008). How do officials report? Internal and external whistleblowing. Whistleblowing in the Australian public sector, 83-108.
• Dozier, J. B., & Miceli, M. P. (1985). Potential predictors of whistle-blowing: A prosocial behavior perspective. Academy of Management Review, 10(4), 823-836.
• Eaton, T.V., & Akers, M. D. (2007). Whistleblowing and A Good Governance, The CPA Journal. 77(6). 66-71.
• Elliston, F. A. (1982). Civil disobedience and whistleblowing: A comparative appraisal of two forms of dissent. Journal of Business Ethics, 1(1), 23-28.
• Ernst G. Jr., & Young, T. (2010). Driving ethical growth – new markets, new challenges 11th Global Fraud Survey. New York: EYGM Limited.
• Estlund, C. L. (1995). Free speech and due process in the workplace. Indiana Law Journal, 71(2), 101-150.
• Fidan, T., & Öztürk, İ. (2015). Perspectives and expectations of union member and non- union member teachers on teacher unions, Eğitim Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5 (2), 191-220.
• Finn, D. W., & Lampe, J. C. (1992). A study of whistleblowing among auditors. Professional Ethics, A Multidisciplinary Journal, 1(3/4), 137-168.
• Gordon, K., & Miyake, M. (2001). Business approaches to combating bribery: A study of codes of conduct. Journal of Business Ethics, 34(3-4), 161-173.
• Gundlach, J., Martinko, M., Mark, J., & Scott, C. D. (2008). A new approach to examining whistleblowing: the influence of cognitions and anger. SAM. Advanced Management Journal. 73(4). 40-50.
• Habermas, J. (2001). The Postnational Constellation: Political Essays (translated, edited and with an introduction by Max Pensky). Cambridge: Polity Press.
• Habermas, J. (2003). The Future of Human Nature. London: Polity Press.
• Halim, R. E., Haryanto, J. O., & Manansang, R. E. (2013). Whistleblowing System and Organization's Performance. Universitas Indonesia, Graduate School of Management Research Paper, 12(2), 13-68.
• Henik, E. (2015). Understanding whistle-blowing: a set-theoretic approach. Journal of Business Research, 68(2), 442-450.
• Jubb, P. B. (1999). Whistleblowing: A restrictive definition and interpretation. Journal of Business Ethics, 21(1), 77-94.
• Keenan, J. P. (2007). Comparing chinese and american managers on whistleblowing. Managers, Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 19(2), 85–94.
• Kidder, D. L. (2005). Is it ‘who I am’,‘what I can get away with’, or ‘what you’ve done to me’? A Multi-theory Examination of Employee Misconduct. Journal of Business Ethics, 57(4), 389-398.
• King, G. (1999). The implications of an organization's structure on whistleblowing. Journal of Business Ethics, 20(4), 315-326.
• Kinsella, E. A., Park, A. J. S., Appiagyei, J., Chang, E., & Chow, D. (2008). Through the eyes of students: Ethical tensions in occupational therapy practice. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 75(3), 176-183.
• Klikauer, T. (2013). Philosophy, Business Ethics and Organisation Theory: A Review Article. Philosophy of Management, 12(1), 79-87.
• Kolarska, L., & Aldrich, H. (1994). Exit, voice and silence: consumers' and managers' responses to organizational decline. Organizational Studies, 1(1), 41-58.
• Larmer, R. A. (1992). Whistleblowing and employee loyalty. Journal of Business Ethics, 11(3), 125-128.
• Lindblom, L. (2007). Dissolving the moral dilemma of whistleblowing. Journal of Business Ethics, 76(4), 413-426.
• Liu, S. M., Liao, J. Q., & Wei, H. (2015). Authentic Leadership and Whistleblowing: Mediating Roles of Psychological Safety and Personal Identification. Journal of Business Ethics, 42(3), 1-13.
• Long, A., Stroll, A., Bourke, V. J., & Campbell, R. (2008). Etik kuramları. (der. & çev. Mehmet Türkeri). Ankara: Lotus Yayıncılık.
• Macey, J. (2007). Getting the word out about fraud: a theoretical analysis of whistleblowing and insider trading. Michigan law review, 12 (3), 1899-1940.
• Menzel, D. C. (2012). Ethics management for public administrators: Leading and building organizations of integrity. New York: M.E. Sharpe Inc.
• Mesmer-Magnus, J. R., & Viswesvaran, C. (2005). Whistleblowing in organizations: An examination of correlates of whistleblowing intentions, actions, and retaliation. Journal of Business Ethics, 62(3), 277-297.
• Miceli, M. P. (2004). Whistle-Blowing Research and The Insider Lessons Learned and yet to Be Learned. Journal of Management Inquiry, 13(4), 364-366.
• Miceli, M. P., & Near, J. P. (2002). What makes whistle-blowers effective? Three field studies. Human Relations, 55(4), 455–479.
• Miceli, M. P., Near, J. P., & Dworkin, T. M. (2013). Whistle-blowing in organizations. New York: APA Press.
• Miceli, P. M., & Near, J. P. (1994). Whistle-blowing: reaping the benefits. Academy of Management Executives, 8 (3). 65-72.
• Miethe, T. D. (1999). Whistleblowing at work: Tough choices in exposing fraud, waste, and abuse on the job. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
• Miller, N. E., & Dollard, J. (1950). Personality and psychotherapy; an analysis in terms of learning, thinking, and culture.New York: Ronald Press.
• Nam, D. I., & Lemak, D. J. (2007). The whistle-blowing zone: applying Barnard's insights to a modern ethical dilemma. Journal of Management History, 13(1), 33-42.
• Nasu, H. (2015). State Secrets Law and Natıonal Securıty.International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 64(02), 365-404.
• Near, J. P., & Miceli, M. P. (1985). Organizational dissidence: the case of whistleblowing. Journal of Business Ethics, 4(1),1-16.
• Near, J. P., Rehg, M. T., Van Scotter, J. R., & Miceli, M. P. (2004). Does type of wrongdoing affect the whistle-blowing process?. Business Ethics Quarterly, 14(02), 219-242.
• O'Neill, O. (2013). Acting on principle: An essay on Kantian ethics. London: Cambridge University Press.
• Parsons, T. (1967). Sociological Theory and Modern Society. New York: The Free Press.
• Perry, J. L. (2015). Whistleblowing, Organizational. Ethics and Public Administration, 79 (4), 80-98.
• Poitras, L. (2014). Citizenfour. Praxis Films. (Erişim: 21.12. 2016), https://citizenfourfilm.com
• Poloma, M. M. (1993). Çağdaş sosyoloji kuramları. İstanbul: Gündoğan Yayınları.
• Powers, W. T. (1973). Behavior: The control of perception. Chicago: Aldine press.
• Ray, S. L. (2006). Whistleblowing and organizational ethics. Nursing ethics, 13(4), 438-445.
• Read, W. J., & Rama, D. V. (2003). Whistle-blowing to internal auditors. Managerial Auditing Journal, 18(5), 354-362.
• Ricoeur, P. (2010). Time and narrative. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• Rikowski, G. (1996). Left alone: End time for Marxist educational theory?. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 17(4), 415-451.
• Rizzi, R., & Lerner, M. (2013). Practical Approaches to Dealing with Whistleblowing. Tax Executive, 65, 249.
• Robertson, R. (1991). Social theory, cultural relativity and the problem of globality. In Culture, globalization and the world-system (pp. 69-90). London: Macmillan Education.
• Shardlow, S. M., & Doel, M. (2012). Modern social work practice: Teaching and learning in practice settings. New York: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
• Song, S. H. (2007). Digital Government in the USA. Encyclopedia of Digital Government, 1, 349-354.
• Stansbury, J. M., & Bart, V. (2009). Whistleblowing among young employees: a life course perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 85, 281-299.
• Strack, G. (2011). Whistleblowing: In defense of proper action, (ed. Marek Arszulowicz & Wojciech W. Gasparsk). In: Whistleblowing in Germany. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers. 109-124.
• Tompkins, P. K., & Cheney, G. (1985). Communication and unobtrusive control in contemporary organizations. Organizational communication: Traditional themes and new directions, 13, 179-210.
• Vandekerchove, W. (2006). Whistleblowing and Organizational Social Resposibility. Berlington: Ashgate Publishing Company.
• Velasquez, M. G., & Velazquez, M. (2002). Business ethics: Concepts and cases. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
• Verschoor, C.C. (2005). To blow the whistle or not is a tough question. Strategic Finance, 87(4), 21-22.
• Zepeda, S. J. (2016). Öğretim Denetimi: Uygulama ve Araçlar (çev. & ed. Ali Balcı ve Çiğdem Apaydın) 12. Bölüm: Mentörlük ve göreve başlama (çev. Ali Baltacı). (s. 289-308). Ankara: PegemA Yayıncılık.