Özelleştirmelerin Yoksulluk Üzerindeki Etkisi: Ülkeler Arası Bir Kanıt

Year 2018, Volume: 6 Issue: ICEESS’ 18, 241 - 245, 15.12.2018

İsmail Çağrı Özcan

Abstract

Özelleştirme politikaları oldukça ihtilaflı bir
konudur. Bu konuda yapılan akademik çalışmalar özelleştirmelerin şirket
düzeyindeki performans etkileri üzerine odaklanmakta, toplu anlamda finansal ve
ekonomik etkileri nispeten daha az çalışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı,
özelleştirme programlarının yoksulluk üzerindeki etkilerini araştırarak bu alandaki
boşluğa katkı yapmaktır. 83 adet ülkeyi içeren ve 1988-2007 dönemini kapsayan
bir veri seti kullanılarak yapılan analizlerin sonucuna göre, özelleştirme
uygulamaları yoksulluk oranlarını düşürücü bir etkiye sahiptir.

Keywords

Özelleştirme Geliri, Yoksulluk, Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar, En Küçük Kareler Yöntemi, Ticari Açıklık

Effect of Privatizations on Poverty: A Cross-Country Evidence

Abstract

Privatization policies are quite controversial.
But the academic studies regarding the effect of privatization mostly focus on
the firm level performance impacts and the aggregate financial and economic
impacts remained relatively untouched. The aim of this study is to contribute
to this policy gap by examining how privatization programs affect poverty
levels. Using a sample of 83 countries over the 1988-2007 period, our analyses
suggest that privatization implementations tend to reduce poverty rates.

Keywords

Privatization Revenue, Poverty, FDI, OLS, Trade Openness

References

• Andersen. L.E., Nina, O., & Te Velde, D. W. (2004). Trade, FDI, Growth and Poverty in Bolivia. Institute for Advanced Development Studies Development Research Working Paper Series, 03.
• Bayliss, K. (2002). Privatization and Poverty: The Distributional Impact of Utility Privatization. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 73(4), 603-625.
• Birdsall, N., & Nellis, J. (2003). Winners and Losers: Assessing the Distributional Impact of Privatization. World Development, 31(10), 1617-1633.
• Boubakri, N., & Cosset, J. C. (1998). The Financial And Operating Performance Of Newly Privatized Firms: Evidence from Developing Countries. The Journal of Finance, 53(3), 1081-1110.
• Cardoso, E. (1992). Inflation and Poverty. NBER Working Paper Series.
• Dagdeviren, H. (2006). Revisiting Privatization in the Context of Poverty Alleviation: The Case of Sudan. Journal of International Development: The Journal of the Development Studies Association, 18(4), 469-488.
• Dollar, D. (1992). Outward-oriented Developing Economies Really Do Grow More Rapidly: Evidence from 95 LDCs, 1976–1985 From Global Development Finance & World Development Indicators. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 40, 523–544.
• Easterly, W., & Fischer, S. (2001). Inflation and the Poor. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 33, 160-178.
• Edwards, S. (1997). Trade Policy, Growth and Income Distribution. American Economic Review, 87, 205–10.
• Estache, A., Gomez-Lobo, A., & Leipziger, D. (2001). Utilities Privatization and the Poor: Lessons and Evidence from Latin America. World Development, 29(7), 1179-1198.
• Gohou, G., & Soumaré, I. (2012). Does Foreign Direct Investment Reduce Poverty In Africa And Are There Regional Differences?. World Development, 40(1), 75-95.
• Gourdon, J., Maystre, N., & De Melo, J. (2006a). Openness, Inequality, and Poverty: Endowments Matter. The World Bank.
• Gourdon, J., Maystre, N., & De Melo, J. (2008b). Openness, Inequality, and Poverty: Endowments Matter. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 17, 343 – 378.
• Huang, C. H., Teng, K. F., & Tsai, P. L. (2010). Inward and Outward Foreign Direct Investment and Poverty: East Asia vs. Latin America. Review of World Economics, 146(4), 763-779.
• Jalilian, H., & Weiss, J. (2002). Foreign Direct Investment and Poverty in the ASEAN Region. ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 19(3), 231-253.
• Karim, N. A. A., & Ahmad, S. (2009). Foreign Direct Investment: Key to Poverty Reduction in Malaysia. The IUP Journal of Applied Economics, 8, 55-64.
• Klein, M., Aaron, C. & Hadjimicheal, B. (2001). Foreign Direct Investment and Poverty Reduction. Policy Research Working Paper No:2613: The World Bank.
• Le Goff, M., & Singh, R. J. (2013). Does Trade Reduce Poverty? A View from Africa. Research Working Paper No: 6327: The World Bank
• Loko, B., Mlachila, M., Nallari, R., & Kalonji, K. (2003). The Impact Of External Indebtedness On Poverty In Low-Income Countries. IMF Working Paper, 03(61).
• McKenzie, D., Mookherjee, D., Castañeda, G., & Saavedra, J. (2003). The Distributive Impact Of Privatization In Latin America: Evidence From Four Countries [With Comments]. Economia, 3(2), 161-233.
• Megginson, W. L., Nash, R. C., & Van Randenborgh, M. (1994). The Financial and Operating Performance of Newly Privatized Firms: An International Empirical Analysis. The Journal of Finance, 49(2), 403-452.
• Nixson, F., & Walters, B. (2006). Privatization, Income Distribution, and Poverty: The Mongolian Experience. World Development, 34(9), 1557-1579.
• Pham, N. Q., & Mohnen, P. (2012). Privatization and Poverty Reduction in Vietnam: Optimal Choices and Its Potential Impacts. Partnership for Economic Policy Working Paper, 2012(02).
• Ravallion, M. (2001). Growth Inequality and Poverty: Looking Beyond Averages. World Development, 29, 1803–1815.
• Villalonga, B. (2000). Privatization And Efficiency: Differentiating Ownership Effects from Political, Organizational, and Dynamic Effects. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 42, 43–74.
• Talukdar, S. R. (2012). The Effect of Inflation on Poverty in Developing Countries: A Panel Data Analysis (Doctoral Dissertation).
• Zhang, K. H. (2006). Does International Investment Help Poverty Reduction In China?. Chinese Economy, 39(3), 79-90.