KLİNİK PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA İZOLATLARINDA SİPROFLOKSASİN DİRENCİ VE DİRENÇ MEKANİZMALARININ ARAŞTIRILMASI
Year 2021,
, 22 - 27, 29.04.2021
Nilüfer Uzunbayır Akel
,
Yamaç Tekintaş
,
Fethiye Ferda Yılmaz
,
İsmail Öztürk
,
Mustafa Ökeer
,
Şöhret Aydemir
,
F Feriha Çilli
,
Mine Hoşgör Limoncu
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa hastane enfeksiyonlarının en temel etkenlerinden biridir. Farklı antibiyotik
grupları P.aeruginosa tedavisi için kullanılsa da, kinolon grupları oral kullanılabilme avantajlarıyla öne
çıkmaktadır. Ancak son yıllarda bu grubun üyelerine karşı kazanılan direnç, tedaviyi giderek daha zor
hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Ege Üniversitesi Hastanesi’nden izole edilen siprofloksasin
dirençli P.aeruginosa izolatlarında, epidemiyolojik ilişkinin ve dirençten sorumlu olası mekanizmaların
araştırılmasıdır.
Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Laboratuvarı’nda klinik örneklerden izole edilen P.
aeruginosa bakterilerinin tür düzeyinde tanımlanmaları VITEK compact, antimikrobiyal duyarlılıkları
VITEK MS otomatize sistemleri aracılığıyla belirlenmiştir. Siprofloksasin dirençli olduğu belirlenen izolatların epidemiyolojik ilişkileri “Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus”-polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (ERIC-PZR) ile saptanmıştır. Genetik olarak ilişkisiz klonlardan seçilen temsilcilerde kinolon direncinden sorumlu olacağı düşünülen qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qepA genlerinin varlığı PZR ile tespit edilmiştir. Dışa
atım pompasına ait regülatör genleri olan nfxB, mexR varlığı PZR ile belirlenirken, phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide (PAβN), dışa atım pompasının aktivasyonunun tespiti için kullanılmıştır.
Yirmi iki izolat (% 26.5) siprofloksasin dirençli olarak saptanmıştır. ERIC-PZR sonuçlarına göre 11 ilişkisiz
klon tespit edilmiştir. PAβN varlığında 10 izolatta siprofloksasin minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon (MİK)
değerlerinde 2-64 kat arasında azalma görülmüştür. Bir izolatta siprofloksasin MİK değişikliği belirlenmemiştir. On bir temsilci izolatın 10 tanesinde pompaya ait regülatör genlerinin varlığı belirlenirken,
kinolon direnciyle ilişkili olan genlerden sadece qnrB yedi temsilci izolatta saptanmıştır. qnrA, qnrS, qepA
genleri hiçbir izolatta belirlenmemiştir.
Siprofloksasin dirençli P.aeruginosa izolatları hastanemizden izole edilmektedir. Farklı genetik gruplara
ait olan izolatların kliniklerde dolaşımda olması dikkat çekici bir durumdur. Temel direnç mekanizmalarının dışa atım pompası ve qnrB genleri olduğu düşünülmektedir
References
- Andriole VT. The quinolones: past, present, and future. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;15(41):113-9.
- Bakhshi B, Afshari N, Fallah F. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR analysis as a reliable evidence for suspected Shigella spp. Outbreaks. Braz J Microbiol. 2018;49(3):529-33.
- Behçet M, Avcıoğlu F, Karabörk Ş, Kurtoğlu MG. Çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen Pseudomonas aeruginosa suşlarının antimikrobiyal direnç oranları: Üç yıllık değerlendirme. ANKEM Derg. 2019;33(2):43-8.
- Çakmaklıoğulları EK, Kuru C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa suşlarının antibiyotik duyarlılıkları: Farklı örnek türlerinde değerlendirme. ANKEM Derg. 2019;33(2):37-42.
- Cayci YT, Coban AY, Gunaydin M. Investigation of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2014;32(3):285-9.
- CLSI. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; twenty sixth informational supplement. CLSI document M100-S25. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; (2016).
- Coban AY, Tanrıverdi Çaycı Y, Yıldırım T, Erturan Z, Durupınar B, Bozdoğan B. Investigation of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from cystic fibrosis patients. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2011;45(4):602-8.
- Everett MJ, Jin YF, Ricci V, Piddock LJ. Contributions of individual mechanisms to fluoroquinolone resistance in 36 Escherichia coli strains isolated from humans and animals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996;40(10):2380-6.
- Hosgor-Limoncu M, Eraç B, Yurtman AN, Aydemir S. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance mechanisms in ESBL positive Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains at a Tertiary-Care Hospital in Turkey. J Chemother. 2012;24(3):144-9.
- Jacoby GA, Chow N, Waites KB. Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003;47(2):559-62.
- Jacoby GA, Walsh KE, Mills DM, Walker VC, Oh H, Robicsek A. qnrB, another plasmid mediated gene for quinolone resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50(4):1178-82.
- Jacome PRL, Alves LR, Cabral AB, Lopez ACS, Maciel MAV. Phenotypic and moleculer characterization of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from Recipe,
State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2012;45(6):707-12.
- Köse Ş, Atalay S, Ödemiş İ, Adar P. Çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen Pseudomonas aeruginosa suşlarının antibiyotik duyarlılıkları. ANKEM Derg. 2014;28(3):100-4.
- Meng L, Liu H, Lan T, Dong L, Hu H, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Zheng N, Wang J. Antibiotic resistance patterns of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from raw milk revealed by whole genome sequencing. Front. Microbiol. 2020; 3(11):1005.
Michalska AD, Sacha PT, Ojdana D, Wieczorek A, Tryniszewska E. Prevalence of resistance to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones among Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in a University Hospital in Northeastern Poland. Braz J Microbiol. 2014;45(4):1455-8.
- Nazik H, Öngen B. Türkiye’de plazmit aracılı kinolon direnci. ANKEM Derg. 2010;24(1):46-54.
- Nejma MB, Olfa Sioud O, Mastouri M. Quinolone-resistant clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from University hospital in Tunisia. 3 Biotech. 2018; 8:1.
- Novais C, Freitas AR. Transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes: Unveiling the jigsaw pieces of a one health problem. Pathogens. 2020;9(6):497.
- Pursell A, Poole K, Functional characterization of the nfxB repressor of the mexCD–oprJ multidrug efflux operon of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiology. 2013;159(10):2058-73.
- Rehman A, Patrick WM, Lamont IL. Mechanisms of ciprofloxacin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: new approaches to an old problem. Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2019;68(1):1-10.
- Strahilevitz J, Jacoby GA, Hooper DC, Robicsek A. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance: a multifaceted threat. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009;22(4):664-89.
- Su HC, Ramkissoon K, Doolittle J et al. The development of ciprofloxacin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa involves multiple response stages and multiple proteins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010;54(11):4626-35.
- Tümer S, Kirişçi Ö, Özkaya E, Çalışkan A. Çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen Pseudomonas aeruginosa suşlarının antibiyotik duyarlılıkları. ANKEM Derg. 2015;29(3):99-104.
- Vaez H, Faghri J, Isfahani BN, Moghim S, Yadegari S, Fazeli H, Moghofeei M, Safaei HG. Efflux pump regulatory genes mutations in multidrug resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wound infections in Isfahan hospitals. Adv Biomed Res. 2014;28(3):117.
Investigation of Ciprofloxacin Resistance and Its Mechanisms in Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates
Year 2021,
, 22 - 27, 29.04.2021
Nilüfer Uzunbayır Akel
,
Yamaç Tekintaş
,
Fethiye Ferda Yılmaz
,
İsmail Öztürk
,
Mustafa Ökeer
,
Şöhret Aydemir
,
F Feriha Çilli
,
Mine Hoşgör Limoncu
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important causes of hospital infections. Although different
antibiotic groups are used for the treatment of P.aeruginosa infections, quinolone groups are
distinguished by the advantages of oral administration. However, in recent years, resistance against
members of this group has made treatment more difficult. The aim of this study was to investigate the
epidemiological relationship and possible mechanisms of resistance in ciprofloxacin resistant P.
aeruginosa isolates from Ege University Hospital.
The identification of P.aeruginosa bacteria isolated from clinical samples in Ege University Medical
Faculty Medical Microbiology Laboratory was determined by VITEK MS automated systems by VITEK
compact, antimicrobial susceptibility. The epidemiological relationships of the ciprofloxacin resistant
isolates were determined by Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction
(ERIC-PCR). The presence of qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qepA genes, the quinolone resistance genes and nfxB,
mexR, the regulatory genes of the efflux pump, was determined by PCR. The phenylalanine-arginine
β-naphthylamide (PAβN) assay was used to determine the activation of the efflux pump.
Twenty-two isolates (26.5 %) were found resistant to ciprofloxacin. According to the ERIC-PCR results,
11 unrelated clones were detected. Ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were
decreased 2-64 times in 10 isolates in the presence of PAIN. No ciprofloxacin MIC change was detected
in one isolate. The presence of pump regulatory genes was determined in 10 of the 11 representative
isolates, while only qnrB of the genes associated with quinolone resistance was detected in seven
representative isolates. qnrA, qnrS, qepA genes were not detected in any isolate.
Ciprofloxacin resistant P.aeruginosa isolates are isolated from our hospital. It is noteworthy that the
isolates belonging to different genetic groups are in circulation in clinics. Basic resistance mechanisms
are thought to be efflux pumps and qnrB genes.
References
- Andriole VT. The quinolones: past, present, and future. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;15(41):113-9.
- Bakhshi B, Afshari N, Fallah F. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR analysis as a reliable evidence for suspected Shigella spp. Outbreaks. Braz J Microbiol. 2018;49(3):529-33.
- Behçet M, Avcıoğlu F, Karabörk Ş, Kurtoğlu MG. Çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen Pseudomonas aeruginosa suşlarının antimikrobiyal direnç oranları: Üç yıllık değerlendirme. ANKEM Derg. 2019;33(2):43-8.
- Çakmaklıoğulları EK, Kuru C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa suşlarının antibiyotik duyarlılıkları: Farklı örnek türlerinde değerlendirme. ANKEM Derg. 2019;33(2):37-42.
- Cayci YT, Coban AY, Gunaydin M. Investigation of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2014;32(3):285-9.
- CLSI. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; twenty sixth informational supplement. CLSI document M100-S25. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; (2016).
- Coban AY, Tanrıverdi Çaycı Y, Yıldırım T, Erturan Z, Durupınar B, Bozdoğan B. Investigation of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from cystic fibrosis patients. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2011;45(4):602-8.
- Everett MJ, Jin YF, Ricci V, Piddock LJ. Contributions of individual mechanisms to fluoroquinolone resistance in 36 Escherichia coli strains isolated from humans and animals. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996;40(10):2380-6.
- Hosgor-Limoncu M, Eraç B, Yurtman AN, Aydemir S. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance mechanisms in ESBL positive Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains at a Tertiary-Care Hospital in Turkey. J Chemother. 2012;24(3):144-9.
- Jacoby GA, Chow N, Waites KB. Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2003;47(2):559-62.
- Jacoby GA, Walsh KE, Mills DM, Walker VC, Oh H, Robicsek A. qnrB, another plasmid mediated gene for quinolone resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006;50(4):1178-82.
- Jacome PRL, Alves LR, Cabral AB, Lopez ACS, Maciel MAV. Phenotypic and moleculer characterization of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from Recipe,
State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2012;45(6):707-12.
- Köse Ş, Atalay S, Ödemiş İ, Adar P. Çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen Pseudomonas aeruginosa suşlarının antibiyotik duyarlılıkları. ANKEM Derg. 2014;28(3):100-4.
- Meng L, Liu H, Lan T, Dong L, Hu H, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Zheng N, Wang J. Antibiotic resistance patterns of Pseudomonas spp. isolated from raw milk revealed by whole genome sequencing. Front. Microbiol. 2020; 3(11):1005.
Michalska AD, Sacha PT, Ojdana D, Wieczorek A, Tryniszewska E. Prevalence of resistance to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones among Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in a University Hospital in Northeastern Poland. Braz J Microbiol. 2014;45(4):1455-8.
- Nazik H, Öngen B. Türkiye’de plazmit aracılı kinolon direnci. ANKEM Derg. 2010;24(1):46-54.
- Nejma MB, Olfa Sioud O, Mastouri M. Quinolone-resistant clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from University hospital in Tunisia. 3 Biotech. 2018; 8:1.
- Novais C, Freitas AR. Transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes: Unveiling the jigsaw pieces of a one health problem. Pathogens. 2020;9(6):497.
- Pursell A, Poole K, Functional characterization of the nfxB repressor of the mexCD–oprJ multidrug efflux operon of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiology. 2013;159(10):2058-73.
- Rehman A, Patrick WM, Lamont IL. Mechanisms of ciprofloxacin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: new approaches to an old problem. Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2019;68(1):1-10.
- Strahilevitz J, Jacoby GA, Hooper DC, Robicsek A. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance: a multifaceted threat. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009;22(4):664-89.
- Su HC, Ramkissoon K, Doolittle J et al. The development of ciprofloxacin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa involves multiple response stages and multiple proteins. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2010;54(11):4626-35.
- Tümer S, Kirişçi Ö, Özkaya E, Çalışkan A. Çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen Pseudomonas aeruginosa suşlarının antibiyotik duyarlılıkları. ANKEM Derg. 2015;29(3):99-104.
- Vaez H, Faghri J, Isfahani BN, Moghim S, Yadegari S, Fazeli H, Moghofeei M, Safaei HG. Efflux pump regulatory genes mutations in multidrug resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from wound infections in Isfahan hospitals. Adv Biomed Res. 2014;28(3):117.