Criticism of the Prophet in Hadiths

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 164 - 177, 28.12.2020

Recep Bilgin

Abstract

Criticism/Tanqit is a practice that humanity can never abandon to reveal the truth. Criticism is an indispensable issue in hadiths, especially in the Quran, and in all Islamic sciences. Critical works, which are widespread in various fields today, have an important place in the field of research. In this respect, if our attitude towards people who are criticized or various rumors is to think about the criticism and learn a lesson for ourselves instead of rejecting that criticism, we will do the most useful action. The Prophet, who is moralized by the morality of the Qur'an, who has the highest morality, has also had educational criticisms in this regard. As a matter of fact, the Prophet approached the companions, whom he conveyed the religion to them and aimed to train in this direction, in terms of being human in the face of their negative actions. Avoiding attitudes such as condemning, insulting, and humiliating the generation of Companions who committed the wrongful acts of the Prophet in the hadiths, in general; It is seen that he criticizes them with different sentence patterns such as "what is happening to some people like this", "what is happening to people", "not from me", "not from us", "vayl / woe" and "not good for you".
The categorical evaluation of the criticisms in the study is examined in six sections. About worship; He warns those who devote themselves to the clergy by going to the clergy, against using water moderately even when making wudu with the motto "Do not waste water while making wudu even if you are near the river", other issues that need to be considered about prayer, the value of the zakat establishment, and the understanding of keeping moderation in funerals criticisms of nature took place. About faith; In terms of the fact that the Messenger of Allah is our only leader, he has criticized those who do not heed his order in certain matters, those who command the good that is wajib upon everyone and does not abrogate the evil, and those who are prohibited by Islam and who do magic. Regarding morality, He has criticized those who want to lie and make false judgments as a result, those who do not keep their promises, those who do not behave honestly in their actions, those who mistreat animals, and those who wear the dress to brag. Regarding the family, there have been criticisms of the Bedouin who do not respect women who are entrusted to us by Allah, who beat, condemn, and humiliate them, and behave mercilessly towards young children. Regarding social life, He criticized those who praised their race-racism, those who tried to resemble the People of the Book (Jews and Christians) and those who questioned the Prophet's justice and did not agree to the distribution of spoils. Finally, in order not to exceed the scope of the study, it was stated what other criticisms exist in the literature, and the exact events and texts were not given. These are briefly given as follows; Those who aim Muslims, those who plunder someone else's property and protect them, those who cause trouble in the relationship between the woman-slave-master, those who claim that they own someone else's property, those who support the head of the unfair state, those who take their lies true and those who help them in unfair situations, those who betray their trust those who marry slaves and their concubines, those who bet on a horse, those who shave their beards, those who have a tattoo, those who have their nose pierced, those who do and have castration, those who are arrogant towards their religious brother and seek his defects and faults, those who do not read the Quran in a good way. We know that those who do not shorten their mustache, those who do not fully evaluate a narration he heard from the Prophet but narrate only one side of them, those who are prisoners of money and clothes, those who are evil, those who lie just to make people laugh, those who praise others, those who suppress the word of the addressee, and finally He has criticized those who insist that we did so.
The Prophet's aim to educate both the person and the believer by criticizing both the person and the believers in the society by using general expressions without offending them in case of wrongdoing by the Companions, and the attitude he took in the face of various events/situations, his response to his statements and his The subject was evaluated by taking examples of criticisms.

Keywords

Hadith, Criticism, Event, Behavior, Morality

Hadislerde Hz. Peygamber’in Eleştirileri

Abstract

Eleştiri/tenkit insanlığın doğruyu/hakikati ortaya çıkarmak için hiçbir zaman terk edemeyeceği bir uygulamadır. Başta Kur’ân-ı Kerîm olmak üzere hadisler ve tüm İslâmî ilimlerde tenkit/eleştiri vazgeçilmez bir husustur. Hz. Peygamber, kendilerine dini tebliğ ettiği ve bu doğrultuda yetiştirmeyi hedeflediği sahâbenin, olumsuz eylemleri karşısında onlara insan olmaları açısından yaklaşarak, davranışlarını bu çerçevede değerlendirmiştir. Hadislerde; Hz. Peygamber’in, yanlış fiilleri yapan sahâbe neslini kınama, tahkir etme ve aşağılama gibi tutumlardan kaçınarak, onların sergiledikleri bu tür eylemler karşısında genelde “bazılarına ne oluyor ki şöyle şöyle yapıyorlar”, “insanlara ne oluyor ki”, “benden değildir”, “bizden değildir”, “veyl/yazıklar olsun” ve “sizin hayırlınız değildir” gibi farklı cümle kalıplarıyla tenkit ettiği görülmektedir. Çalışmada Hz. Peygamber’in sahâbenin yanlış yapmaları durumunda direkt şahsı hedef almaması, onları rencide etmeden genel ifadeler kullanmak suretiyle kişilerin toplum içerisindeki konumunu da dikkate alarak hem kişiyi hem de müminleri eleştirerek eğitmeyi amaçlaması ve çeşitli olay/durum karşısında takındığı tavır, duyduğu ifadelere verdiği cevap ve yaptığı tenkitlerden örnekler alınarak konu değerlendirilmiştir. 

Keywords

Hadis, Tenkit, Olay, Davranış, Ahlak

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