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Antakya ve Vaizi** Habîb en-Neccâr

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 243 - 270, 24.12.2023

Abstract

Yasîn Suresi 13-29. âyetlerde anlatılan Ashâbü’l-karye kıssasında; yer, zaman ve şahıslar müphem bırakılmıştır. Tarih boyunca başta tefsir olmak üzere hadis, tarih ve coğrafya gibi farklı alanlarda yazılmış eserlerde bu kıssada geçen müphemlere dair birçok açıklama bulunmaktadır. Heribert Busse, “Antioch and its Prophet Ḥabīb al-Najjār” adlı makalesinde mezkûr kıssadaki “mürselun”le kast edilen şahısların ve “şehrin en uzağından gelen adam”’ın kimler olabileceğini konu edinmiştir. Konuyu akademik tarzda ayrıntılarıyla birlikte ele alan, kısmen Yahudi, özellikle Hıristiyan ve İslâm geleneği içerisinde telif edilen kaynaklardan edinilen bilgileri derli toplu ve güzel bir şekilde aktaran bu makale; Yahudi ve Hıristiyan kaynaklarına vukufiyetinin yanı sıra konu hakkında sağladığı üst okumalarla diğer çalışmalar içerisinde temayüz eder. Yazar, Ahd-i Cedîd’in Resullerin İşleri bölümüne ek olarak bu konudaki kanonik İncillerin yanı sıra apokrif İncillere, kilise tarihine dair yazma ve matbu birçok kaynağa ulaşmıştır. Busse, İslam ve Hıristiyan kaynaklarının dışında Yahudi literatürüne de başvurması dolayısıyla Ashâbü’l-karye kıssasının muhtemel kaynaklarına dair oldukça değerli ve özgün bilgiler aktarmaktadır. Yayında; Arapça, İngilizce, Fransızca, Almanca, Latince ve Etiyopyaca yazılmış basılı ve el yazması birçok birincil kaynaktan istifade edilmiştir. Günümüzde söz konusu makalenin, konu hakkında özellikle Türkçe dışında yayımlanan akademik çalışmalarda birincil kaynak olarak kullanıldığı görülür. Makalede şu sonuca ulaşılmıştır: Ashâbü’l-karye kıssasında geçen “şehrin en uzağından gelen adam” tek değil birçok tarihî gerçeklikten beslenmiş olma ihtimali bulunan, İslam geleneğine dair kaynaklarda ise Habîb en-Neccâr ismiyle iştihar etmiş telif ürünü (müellefün kasasîyyün) bir azizdir ve İslamî kaynaklarda nakledilen biyografisi çeşitli kaynaklardan ödünç alınan unsurların bir araya getirilmesiyle oluşturulmuş olmalıdır.

Thanks

Eserin yazarına ve eserin tercüme edilmesi iznini veren Jerusalem Studies in Arabic and Islam dergisine teşekkür ederim.

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Antioch and its Prophet Ḥabīb al-Najjār

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 243 - 270, 24.12.2023

Abstract

In the parable of Aṣḥāb al-qarya in verses 13-29 of Surah al-Yāsīn, the place, time and people are left vague. Throughout history, there are many explanations of the ambiguities in this parable in works written in different fields such as tafsir, hadith, history and geography. Heribert Busse, in his article "Antioch and its Prophet Ḥabīb al-Najjār", discusses who the "mursalun" in the parable and the "man who came from the farthest part of the city" might be. This article, which deals with the subject in detail in an academic style and presents the information obtained from the sources partially written in the Jewish, especially Christian and Islamic traditions in an organized and beautiful way, stands out among other studies with its familiarity with Jewish and Christian sources as well as the meta-readings it provides on the subject. In addition to the Acts of the Apostles section of the Testament, the author has accessed many manuscript and printed sources on the canonical Gospels, apocryphal Gospels, and church history. Busse provides valuable and original information about the possible sources of the parable of Aṣḥāb al-qarya, as he refers to Jewish literature in addition to Islamic and Christian sources. The publication draws on a wide range of printed and manuscript primary sources in Arabic, English, French, German, Latin, and Ethiopian. Today, this article is used as a primary source in academic studies on the subject, especially those published outside Turkish.
Busse has organized the article under the following six headings: 1) Introduction, 2) The conversion of Antioch in the apocryphal Acts of Peter, 3) The Muslim version of the story, 4) Jewish and Christian elements in the story of Habib al-Najjar as transmitted by the Muslims, 5) The "people of the well" (aṣḥāb al-rass), 6)Ḥabīb al-Najjār.
Heribert Busse, in his study titled "Antioch and its Prophet Ḥabīb al-Najjār", reached the following conclusions in summary: In summary we can say that the story of Habîb en-Neccâr and his mission to Antioch has, throughout the course of centuries, become a reservoir of Jewish, Christian and Muslim traditions. The seven Maccabean martyrs and their mother belong to Jewish tradition, which was christianized at an early date. The introduction of Christianity in Antioch is mirrored in the apocryphal Acts of Peter. Originally written in Greek, they were translated into Syriac, Arabic, and other Oriental languages, and likewise found their way into Latin literature. The Muslims contributed the legend of Ḥabīb al-Najjār, which they borrowed from the biographies of Christian saints and martyrs. In turn, this influenced the Christian-Arabic version of the Acts of Peter. We do not yet know exactly who Ḥabīb was. It is particularly noteworthy that in the Christian Arabic version of the Acts of Peter preserved in St. Catherine’s monastery on Mount Sinai, a verbatim quotation of Qur’ān 36:28 has been included.
The following conclusion is reached in the article: The "man who came from the farthest part of the city" in the parable of Aṣḥāb al-qarya is a artificial saint who may have been based on not one but several historical realities, and who is known as Ḥabīb al-Najjār in the Islamic tradition, and whose biography as reported in Islamic sources is a is a patchwork of elements borrowed from various sources.

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There are 78 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Tafsir
Journal Section Translation
Translators

Ahmet Sait Sıcak 0000-0002-5161-9191

Beyzanur Değirmenci 0009-0007-7790-7988

Publication Date December 24, 2023
Submission Date November 11, 2023
Acceptance Date December 15, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Antakya ve Vaizi** Habîb en-Neccâr (B. Değirmenci & A. S. Sıcak, Trans.). (2023). Antakiyat, 6(2), 243-270.
AMA Antakya ve Vaizi** Habîb en-Neccâr. Antakiyat. December 2023;6(2):243-270.
Chicago Değirmenci, Beyzanur, and Ahmet Sait Sıcak, trans. “Antakya Ve Vaizi** Habîb En-Neccâr”. Antakiyat 6, no. 2 (December 2023): 243-70.
EndNote (December 1, 2023) Antakya ve Vaizi** Habîb en-Neccâr. Antakiyat 6 2 243–270.
IEEE B. Değirmenci and A. S. Sıcak, Trans., “Antakya ve Vaizi** Habîb en-Neccâr”, Antakiyat, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 243–270, 2023.
ISNAD , trans.Değirmenci, Beyzanur - Ahmet Sait Sıcak. “Antakya Ve Vaizi** Habîb En-Neccâr”. Antakiyat 6/2 (December 2023), 243-270.
JAMA Antakya ve Vaizi** Habîb en-Neccâr. Antakiyat. 2023;6:243–270.
MLA Değirmenci, Beyzanur and Ahmet Sait Sıcak, translators. “Antakya Ve Vaizi** Habîb En-Neccâr”. Antakiyat, vol. 6, no. 2, 2023, pp. 243-70.
Vancouver Antakya ve Vaizi** Habîb en-Neccâr. Antakiyat. 2023;6(2):243-70.

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