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Seroprevalence of BoHV-1 infection in public-owned cattle enterprises in Tokat Province

Year 2024, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 1 - 6, 30.06.2024

Abstract

BoHV-1 infection is common in our country and around the world. Various clinical manifestations occur as a result of infections caused by the virus in question. In our country and around the world, cattle breeding is mostly done for commercial purposes. Since it brings about serious economic losses as a result of BoHV-1 infections, it is considered in the group of infections with economic importance.In this thesis study, it was aimed to obtain information about the seroprevalence by investigating the serological presence and prevalence rate of BoHV-1 infection in cattle raised by public in Tokat province. In this study, blood serum was taken from a total of 210 animals, 190 female cattle and 20 male cattle, for serological control, from cattle aged 6 months and above from 5 different public-owned enterprises in Tokat province in 2022. Antibody screening was performed with ELISA. As a result of ELISA performed to detect antibodies specific to BoHV-1, 59.47% (113/190) in female cattle sampled from Tokat province, 60% (12/20) in male cattle, and 59.52% (125/210) on a total animal basis. ) seropositivity was detected. High positivity values were obtained in this study. Since detailed information about the vaccination status of the sampled animals could not be obtained, it could not be distinguished whether the positivity results were after natural infection or vaccine-induced. Vaccination with marker vaccines is especially important in protecting against the infection in question. It should not be forgotten that it is important to vaccinate herds with marker vaccine for eradication studies.

References

  • Abraham, A., Ayolan, N., Marcus, S. An outbreak of IBR/IPV ınfection in bulls and dairy cattle in Israel I. Clinical and diagnostic aspects. Refuah veterinarith.39(3):93-98,1982
  • Afshar, A., Eaglesome, M.D. Viruses associated with bovine semen. Vet.Bull.60(2):93-109 , 1990.
  • Akça, Y. Türkiye’de sığır ve koyunlarda infectious Bovine rhinotracheitis- infectious pustular vulvovaginitis üzerine serolojik araştırmalar. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Viroloji ABD. Doktora tezi. 1981
  • Alkan, F., Burgu, İ., Bilge, Dağalp, S. Seroprevalence de Infection par le BHV-1 dans elevage bovin laitier en Turquie. Rev. Med. Vet. 2005; 156: 166-169.
  • Avcı, O., Yavru, S. (2013).Investigation of Bovine Herpesvirus-1, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Bovine Herpesvirus-4 in a dairy herd with naturally infected in Konya. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Science, 29(2), 82-86.
  • Baker, J.A., Mcentee, K., Gıllespıe, J.H. (1960). Effects of infectious infectious bovine rhinotracteitis/infectious pustuler vuvovaginitis virus in newborn calves. Cornell Vet. 50, 156–170
  • Belak, S., Ballagi-Pordany, A. (1993). Application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in veterinary diagnostic virology. Vet Res Commun 17, 55–72
  • Bilge, S. Kan ve süt serumlarında enfeksiyöz bovine rhinotracheitis-enfeksiyöz pustuler vulvovaginitis (IBR-IPV) antikorlarının nötralizasyon testi ile saptanması ve süt örneklerinden virus izolasyonu. Ankara Üniv. Sağ. Bil. Enst. Doktora tezi, 1996.
  • Boelaert, F., Speybroeck, N., De Kruıf, A., Aerts, M., Burzykwoskı, T., Molenberghs, G., Berkvens, DL. (2005). Risk factors for bovine herpesvirus–1 seropositivity. Prev Vet Med 69 (3– 4),285– 295
  • Burgu, İ., Akça, Y. Türkiye’de suni tohumlamada kullanılan bazı damızlık boğalarda IBR/IPV enfeksiyonu. A.Ü. Vet.Fak. Dergisi , 33(1) :113-121, 1986.
  • Burgu, İ., Özkul, A. Hayvan ve biyolojik madde ithalatının viral hastalıklar yönünden önemi. II.Hayvancılık Kongresi .323-333 ,1991.
  • Collins, J.K., Butcher, A.C., Riegel, C.A. (1985).Immune response to bovine herpesvirus type 1 infections: virus spesific antibodies in sera from infected animals. J Clin Microbiol 21, 546–552
  • Corner, AH., Greıg, A.S., Hıll, D.P. (1967). A histological study of the effects of the herpesvirus of infectius bovine rhinotracheitis in the lactating bovine mammary gland. Can J Comp Med Vet Sci 31, 320–330
  • Çabalar, M. Fertilite problemli ineklerde infectious bovine rhinotracheitis infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR/IPV) virus izolasyonu ve seroepidemiyolojisi. Ankara Üniv. Sağ.Bil.Enst. Doktora tezi. 1993
  • Deas, D.W., Johnston, W.S. The isolation and transmission of the virus of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectiouse pustular vulvo-vaginitis. Vet. Rec. , 92:636-639, 1973.
  • De Meuron, P.A. (1982). Recherche d’anticorps IBR/IPV dans le lait. Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilk, 124, 203–208
  • Dennet, D.P., Allan, P.J., Johnson, R.H. The use of corticosteroids to aid detection of bulls carrying Aust.Vet.J. , 49: 594-595, 1973.
  • Edwards, S., Chasey, D., White, H. (1983). Experimental infectious bovine rhinotracheitis: Comparison of four antigen detection methods. Res Vet Sci 34, 42–45
  • Elazhary, MASY, Lamothe, P., Sılım, A., Roy, R.S. Bovine herpesvirus type 1 in the sperm of a bull from a herd with fertility problems.Can. Vet. J. , 21: 336-339,1980.
  • Erhan, M., Onar, B., Csontos, L., Hopkıns, I.G. (1971). Serological survey on some virus and bedsonia diseases of cattle, sheep and horse. Pendik Vet Kont Ve Araşt Enst Derg 4(2), 55–58
  • Frey, H.R., Lies, B. (1971) .Vermehrungskinetik und Verwendbarkeit eines stark zytopatogenen VD-MD Virus stammes für diagnostische Untersuchungen mit der Mikrotitermethode. Zentbl Vet Med 18, 61–71
  • Greıg, AS., Bannıster, G.L. (1965). Infection of the bovine udder with bovine herpesvirus. Can J Comp Med Vet Sci 29, 57–62.
  • Guy, J.S., Potgieter, L.N.D. (1985). Bovine herpesvirus–1 infection of cattle. Kinetics of antibody formation after intranasal exposure and abortion induced by the virus. Am J Vet Res 46, 893–898
  • Gür, S., Erol, N., Yapıcı, O., Kale, M., Tan, M.T., Turan, T., Çakmak, M.A., Tosun, C., Yılmaz, S., Acar A, Özenli I, Gür C (2018). The role of goats as reservoir hosts for bovine herpes virus 1 under field conditions. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 51: 753-758. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1746-9.
  • Herring, A.J., Nettieton, P.F., Burrels, C. (1980). Amicro-enzymelinked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. Vet Rec 107, 155–156
  • Karadzhov, I., Ignatov, G., Khristova, V. (1979). Serological diagnosis of IBR. Veterinarnomed Nauki 16, 65–71
  • Karadzhov, I., Khristova, V. (1980). Preparation of antigen from IBR/IPV virus and its use in the microcomplement fixation test for bovine infectious rhinotracheitis. Veterinarnomed Nauki 17, 17– 22
  • Kendrıck, J.W. (1973). Effects of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis on the fetus. J. A. V. M. A. 163(7), 852–854
  • Kharalambiev, K.h., Dilovski, M., Gaytandzhieva, R. And Zagorskd, D. (1974). Virus- neutralizing activity of semen from bulls that have been affected with infectious rhinotracheitis- balanoposthitis. C. R. Acad. Agric. G. Dimitrocv, 7, 75–77.
  • Kibenge, FSB., Haris, LM., McKenna, PK., Wadowska, D., Yason, C.V. (1994). Amplification of strains of bovine herpesvirus 1 by use of polymerase chain reaction with primers in the tymidine kinase region. Am J Vet Res 55, 1206–1212
  • Kupferschmıed, H.U., Kıhm, U., Bachmann, P., Muller, K.H., Ackermann, M . Transmission of IBR/IPV Virus in bovine semen: a case report. Theriogenology , 25 :439-443 , 1986.
  • Muylkens, B., Thıry, J., Kırten, P., Schynts, F., Thıry, E. (2007). Bovine herpesvirus 1 infection and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. EDP Sciences, 181, 209
  • Özgünlük, İ., Yıldırım, Y. Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesindeki sığırlarda bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) ve bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) enfeksiyonlarının serolojik olarak araştırılması. Harran Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 6(2), 152-157, 2017
  • Roberts, A.W., Carter, G.R. (1974) : Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Recovered from the Milk of a Cow with Mastitis. J A V M A 164, 413.
  • Rosner, S.F. (1968). IBR: Clinical Review, Immunity and Control. J. A. V. M. A. 153(12), 1631– 1638
  • Silim, A., Elazhary, MASY. (1983). Detection of infectious bovine rhinotracteitis and bovine viral diarrhea in the nasal epithelial cells by the direct immunofluorescence technique. Can J Comp Med 47, 18–22
  • Slıegler, H.H., Marschang, F., Morsher, H. (1984). Beobachtungen über Zusammenhange zwischen Virusinfectionen und boviner Mastitis. Tierarztl Umschau 39, 602–604
  • Spradbrow, P.B. The isolation of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus from bovine semen. Aust.Vet.J.,44:410-412,1968.
  • Straub, O.C., Kıelweın, G. (1966). Experimentelle Mastitiden durch das Blaschenausschlagvirus des Rindes. Berl Münchn Tierarztl Wochenschr 79, 310–312
  • Straub, O.C., Wettke, K., Weiland, F. (1982). Seuchenhaftes Aufreten von IBR-IPV Virus Aborten. Tierarztl Umschau 37, 613–617
  • Stuker, G., Haab, P., Giger, T. (1980). Nachweis von IBR/IPV Antikörpern aus der Milch Schweiz Arch Tierheilk 122, 707–710
  • Thrıy, E., Salıkı, J., Bublot, M., Pastoret, P.P. (1987). Reactivation of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus by transport. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Diseases 10 (1), pp, 59–63
  • Van Engelenburg, F.C.A., Maes, R.K., Van Oirschot, J.T., Rijsewijk, F.A.M. (1993). Development of a rapid and sensitive polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of bovine herpesvirus type 1 in bovine semen. J Clin Microbiol 31, 3129–3135
  • Vonk Noordegraaf, A., Labrovıc, A., Frankena, K., Pfeıffer, D.U., Nıelend, M. (2004). Simulated hazards of oosing infection-free status in a Dutch BHV1 model. Prev Vet Med. 30;62(1),51–8.
  • Woelffer, E.A. (1972). Diagnosis of bovine abortion. J. A. V. M. A. 161(11), 1284–1287
  • Yavru, S., Avcı, O., Kale, M. (2014). Serologic and virologic investigation of BHV-1, BVDV and BHV4 in cattle with metritis. Animal Veterinary Science, 2(5), 142-145
  • Yıldırım, Y., Yılmaz, V., Kalaycıoğlu, A.T., Dağalp, S.B., Majarashın, A.R.F., Çelebi, Ö., Akça, D. (2011). An investigation of a possible involvement of BVDV, BHV-1 and BHV-4 infections in abortion of dairy cattle in Kars District of Turkey. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(6), 879-883. DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2011.62
  • Yılmaz, V., Coskun, N., Celebi, O., Buyuk, F. (2018). Seroprevalence of Bovine Herpes Virus 1 (BoHV-1) in breeding bulls in Northeastern Anatolian Region of Turkey. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 52(2), 319-322.

Tokat İlinde Halk Elindeki Sığırcılık İşletmelerinde BoHV-1 enfeksiyonunun Seroprevalansı

Year 2024, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 1 - 6, 30.06.2024

Abstract

BoHV-1 enfeksiyonu ülkemizde ve dünyada yaygın olarak görülmektedir. Söz konusu virusun neden olduğu enfeksiyonlar sonucunda çeşitli klinik semptomlar olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Ülkemizde ve dünyada sığır yetiştiriciliği daha çok ticari amaçla yapılmaktadır. BoHV-1 enfeksiyonları sonucunda ciddi ekonomik kayıpları da beraberinde getirdiğinden ekonomik önemi olan enfeksiyon grubunda değerlendirilmektedir.Yapılan bu tez çalışmasında Tokat ilinde halk elinde yetiştirilen sığırlarda BoHV-1 enfeksiyonunun serolojik olarak varlığının ve yaygınlık oranının araştırılarak seroprevalansı hakkında bilgi elde edilmesi amaçlandı. Bu çalışmada 2022 yılında Tokat ilinden halk elindeki 5 farklı işletmeden yaş olarak 1 yaş ve üzerindeki sığırlardan Serolojik kontrol amacıyla 190 dişi sığır ve 20 erkek sığır olmak üzere toplam 210 hayvandan kan serumu alındı. ELISA ile antikor taraması yapıldı. BoHV-1’e özgü antikorları tespit etmek için yapılan ELISA sonucunda Tokat ilinden örneklenen dişi sığırlarda %59,47 (113/190), erkek sığırlarda %60 (12/20), toplam hayvan bazında ise %59,52 (125/210) oranında seropozitiflik tespit edildi. Yapılan bu çalışmada yüksek pozitiflikler elde edildi. Örneklenen hayvanların aşı durumları hakkında detaylı bilgi alınamadığı için elde edilen pozitifliklerin doğal enfeksiyon sonrasında mı yoksa aşı kaynaklı mı olduğu ayırt edilemedi. Söz konusu enfeksiyondan korunmada özellikle marker aşılar ile aşılama önemlidir. Eradikasyon çalışmaları için sürülerin marker aşı ile aşılanması önem arz ettiği unutulmamalıdır.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmanın çalışma protokolü Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulu (Tarih: 20/01/2022; Karar No: 2022/01-06) tarafından onaylanmıştır.

Thanks

Bu çalışma Fırat DOĞAN danışmanlığında Murat DOĞRU’nun hazırlamış olduğu “Tokat İlinde Halk Elindeki Sığırcılık İşletmelerinde BoHV-1 enfeksiyonunun Seroprevalansı” isimli yüksek lisans tezinden üretilmiştir. Çalışmanın istatistiksel analizlerinin yapılmasında emeği geçen ve 06 Şubat 2023 tarihinde meydana gelen depremde aramızdan ayrılan Dr. Kadriye Pınar AMBARCIOĞLU KISAÇAM’ a teşekkürü borç biliriz.

References

  • Abraham, A., Ayolan, N., Marcus, S. An outbreak of IBR/IPV ınfection in bulls and dairy cattle in Israel I. Clinical and diagnostic aspects. Refuah veterinarith.39(3):93-98,1982
  • Afshar, A., Eaglesome, M.D. Viruses associated with bovine semen. Vet.Bull.60(2):93-109 , 1990.
  • Akça, Y. Türkiye’de sığır ve koyunlarda infectious Bovine rhinotracheitis- infectious pustular vulvovaginitis üzerine serolojik araştırmalar. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Viroloji ABD. Doktora tezi. 1981
  • Alkan, F., Burgu, İ., Bilge, Dağalp, S. Seroprevalence de Infection par le BHV-1 dans elevage bovin laitier en Turquie. Rev. Med. Vet. 2005; 156: 166-169.
  • Avcı, O., Yavru, S. (2013).Investigation of Bovine Herpesvirus-1, Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus and Bovine Herpesvirus-4 in a dairy herd with naturally infected in Konya. Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Science, 29(2), 82-86.
  • Baker, J.A., Mcentee, K., Gıllespıe, J.H. (1960). Effects of infectious infectious bovine rhinotracteitis/infectious pustuler vuvovaginitis virus in newborn calves. Cornell Vet. 50, 156–170
  • Belak, S., Ballagi-Pordany, A. (1993). Application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in veterinary diagnostic virology. Vet Res Commun 17, 55–72
  • Bilge, S. Kan ve süt serumlarında enfeksiyöz bovine rhinotracheitis-enfeksiyöz pustuler vulvovaginitis (IBR-IPV) antikorlarının nötralizasyon testi ile saptanması ve süt örneklerinden virus izolasyonu. Ankara Üniv. Sağ. Bil. Enst. Doktora tezi, 1996.
  • Boelaert, F., Speybroeck, N., De Kruıf, A., Aerts, M., Burzykwoskı, T., Molenberghs, G., Berkvens, DL. (2005). Risk factors for bovine herpesvirus–1 seropositivity. Prev Vet Med 69 (3– 4),285– 295
  • Burgu, İ., Akça, Y. Türkiye’de suni tohumlamada kullanılan bazı damızlık boğalarda IBR/IPV enfeksiyonu. A.Ü. Vet.Fak. Dergisi , 33(1) :113-121, 1986.
  • Burgu, İ., Özkul, A. Hayvan ve biyolojik madde ithalatının viral hastalıklar yönünden önemi. II.Hayvancılık Kongresi .323-333 ,1991.
  • Collins, J.K., Butcher, A.C., Riegel, C.A. (1985).Immune response to bovine herpesvirus type 1 infections: virus spesific antibodies in sera from infected animals. J Clin Microbiol 21, 546–552
  • Corner, AH., Greıg, A.S., Hıll, D.P. (1967). A histological study of the effects of the herpesvirus of infectius bovine rhinotracheitis in the lactating bovine mammary gland. Can J Comp Med Vet Sci 31, 320–330
  • Çabalar, M. Fertilite problemli ineklerde infectious bovine rhinotracheitis infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IBR/IPV) virus izolasyonu ve seroepidemiyolojisi. Ankara Üniv. Sağ.Bil.Enst. Doktora tezi. 1993
  • Deas, D.W., Johnston, W.S. The isolation and transmission of the virus of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectiouse pustular vulvo-vaginitis. Vet. Rec. , 92:636-639, 1973.
  • De Meuron, P.A. (1982). Recherche d’anticorps IBR/IPV dans le lait. Schweiz. Arch. Tierheilk, 124, 203–208
  • Dennet, D.P., Allan, P.J., Johnson, R.H. The use of corticosteroids to aid detection of bulls carrying Aust.Vet.J. , 49: 594-595, 1973.
  • Edwards, S., Chasey, D., White, H. (1983). Experimental infectious bovine rhinotracheitis: Comparison of four antigen detection methods. Res Vet Sci 34, 42–45
  • Elazhary, MASY, Lamothe, P., Sılım, A., Roy, R.S. Bovine herpesvirus type 1 in the sperm of a bull from a herd with fertility problems.Can. Vet. J. , 21: 336-339,1980.
  • Erhan, M., Onar, B., Csontos, L., Hopkıns, I.G. (1971). Serological survey on some virus and bedsonia diseases of cattle, sheep and horse. Pendik Vet Kont Ve Araşt Enst Derg 4(2), 55–58
  • Frey, H.R., Lies, B. (1971) .Vermehrungskinetik und Verwendbarkeit eines stark zytopatogenen VD-MD Virus stammes für diagnostische Untersuchungen mit der Mikrotitermethode. Zentbl Vet Med 18, 61–71
  • Greıg, AS., Bannıster, G.L. (1965). Infection of the bovine udder with bovine herpesvirus. Can J Comp Med Vet Sci 29, 57–62.
  • Guy, J.S., Potgieter, L.N.D. (1985). Bovine herpesvirus–1 infection of cattle. Kinetics of antibody formation after intranasal exposure and abortion induced by the virus. Am J Vet Res 46, 893–898
  • Gür, S., Erol, N., Yapıcı, O., Kale, M., Tan, M.T., Turan, T., Çakmak, M.A., Tosun, C., Yılmaz, S., Acar A, Özenli I, Gür C (2018). The role of goats as reservoir hosts for bovine herpes virus 1 under field conditions. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 51: 753-758. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1746-9.
  • Herring, A.J., Nettieton, P.F., Burrels, C. (1980). Amicro-enzymelinked immunosorbent assay for the detection of antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. Vet Rec 107, 155–156
  • Karadzhov, I., Ignatov, G., Khristova, V. (1979). Serological diagnosis of IBR. Veterinarnomed Nauki 16, 65–71
  • Karadzhov, I., Khristova, V. (1980). Preparation of antigen from IBR/IPV virus and its use in the microcomplement fixation test for bovine infectious rhinotracheitis. Veterinarnomed Nauki 17, 17– 22
  • Kendrıck, J.W. (1973). Effects of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis on the fetus. J. A. V. M. A. 163(7), 852–854
  • Kharalambiev, K.h., Dilovski, M., Gaytandzhieva, R. And Zagorskd, D. (1974). Virus- neutralizing activity of semen from bulls that have been affected with infectious rhinotracheitis- balanoposthitis. C. R. Acad. Agric. G. Dimitrocv, 7, 75–77.
  • Kibenge, FSB., Haris, LM., McKenna, PK., Wadowska, D., Yason, C.V. (1994). Amplification of strains of bovine herpesvirus 1 by use of polymerase chain reaction with primers in the tymidine kinase region. Am J Vet Res 55, 1206–1212
  • Kupferschmıed, H.U., Kıhm, U., Bachmann, P., Muller, K.H., Ackermann, M . Transmission of IBR/IPV Virus in bovine semen: a case report. Theriogenology , 25 :439-443 , 1986.
  • Muylkens, B., Thıry, J., Kırten, P., Schynts, F., Thıry, E. (2007). Bovine herpesvirus 1 infection and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. EDP Sciences, 181, 209
  • Özgünlük, İ., Yıldırım, Y. Güneydoğu Anadolu bölgesindeki sığırlarda bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) ve bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) enfeksiyonlarının serolojik olarak araştırılması. Harran Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 6(2), 152-157, 2017
  • Roberts, A.W., Carter, G.R. (1974) : Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Recovered from the Milk of a Cow with Mastitis. J A V M A 164, 413.
  • Rosner, S.F. (1968). IBR: Clinical Review, Immunity and Control. J. A. V. M. A. 153(12), 1631– 1638
  • Silim, A., Elazhary, MASY. (1983). Detection of infectious bovine rhinotracteitis and bovine viral diarrhea in the nasal epithelial cells by the direct immunofluorescence technique. Can J Comp Med 47, 18–22
  • Slıegler, H.H., Marschang, F., Morsher, H. (1984). Beobachtungen über Zusammenhange zwischen Virusinfectionen und boviner Mastitis. Tierarztl Umschau 39, 602–604
  • Spradbrow, P.B. The isolation of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus from bovine semen. Aust.Vet.J.,44:410-412,1968.
  • Straub, O.C., Kıelweın, G. (1966). Experimentelle Mastitiden durch das Blaschenausschlagvirus des Rindes. Berl Münchn Tierarztl Wochenschr 79, 310–312
  • Straub, O.C., Wettke, K., Weiland, F. (1982). Seuchenhaftes Aufreten von IBR-IPV Virus Aborten. Tierarztl Umschau 37, 613–617
  • Stuker, G., Haab, P., Giger, T. (1980). Nachweis von IBR/IPV Antikörpern aus der Milch Schweiz Arch Tierheilk 122, 707–710
  • Thrıy, E., Salıkı, J., Bublot, M., Pastoret, P.P. (1987). Reactivation of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus by transport. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Diseases 10 (1), pp, 59–63
  • Van Engelenburg, F.C.A., Maes, R.K., Van Oirschot, J.T., Rijsewijk, F.A.M. (1993). Development of a rapid and sensitive polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of bovine herpesvirus type 1 in bovine semen. J Clin Microbiol 31, 3129–3135
  • Vonk Noordegraaf, A., Labrovıc, A., Frankena, K., Pfeıffer, D.U., Nıelend, M. (2004). Simulated hazards of oosing infection-free status in a Dutch BHV1 model. Prev Vet Med. 30;62(1),51–8.
  • Woelffer, E.A. (1972). Diagnosis of bovine abortion. J. A. V. M. A. 161(11), 1284–1287
  • Yavru, S., Avcı, O., Kale, M. (2014). Serologic and virologic investigation of BHV-1, BVDV and BHV4 in cattle with metritis. Animal Veterinary Science, 2(5), 142-145
  • Yıldırım, Y., Yılmaz, V., Kalaycıoğlu, A.T., Dağalp, S.B., Majarashın, A.R.F., Çelebi, Ö., Akça, D. (2011). An investigation of a possible involvement of BVDV, BHV-1 and BHV-4 infections in abortion of dairy cattle in Kars District of Turkey. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(6), 879-883. DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2011.62
  • Yılmaz, V., Coskun, N., Celebi, O., Buyuk, F. (2018). Seroprevalence of Bovine Herpes Virus 1 (BoHV-1) in breeding bulls in Northeastern Anatolian Region of Turkey. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 52(2), 319-322.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Veterinary Virology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Murat Doğru 0000-0002-7661-4047

Fırat Doğan 0000-0001-8656-3645

Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date April 24, 2024
Acceptance Date June 4, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Doğru, M., & Doğan, F. (2024). Tokat İlinde Halk Elindeki Sığırcılık İşletmelerinde BoHV-1 enfeksiyonunun Seroprevalansı. Antakya Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 1-6.