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Occupational safety in exhumation

Year 2023, Issue: 45, 9 - 14, 30.06.2023

Tuba Türk Çınar , Deren Çeker

https://doi.org/10.33613/antropolojidergisi.1196238

Abstract

Grave opening and/or exhumation of a buried body for legal purposes is called fethi kabir in Turkish. In grave opening process, there are many health and safety risk factors for the personnel which may result from the excavation/exhumation methods and/or body and body fluids, and clothings/artifacts belonging to the corpse. These risk factors may threaten the health and safety of the team involved in the exhumation, and may cause work accidents and occupational diseases. In our study, the potential risk factors found at burial places were determined, occupational safety measures and agent detection systems were proposed to help to prevent occupational accidents and occupational diseases in burial environments.

Keywords

exhumation occupational safety in exhumation agent detection systems forensic excavation grave opening biosecurity in exhumation

References

  • Alper, B., Azmak, D., Çekin, N., Gülmen, M. K., Koç S., Salaçin, S. (1999). Adli otopsi ve adli patoloji. Türk Tabipler Birliği (Ed.) içinde, Birinci basamak için adli tıp el litabı (s. 36-82). Türk Tabipler Birliği Yayınları.
  • Birincioğlu, İ., Turan, N., ve Teke, H. (2009). Trabzon’da fethi kabir otopsileri. Adli Tıp Dergisi, 23(2), 11-17.
  • Bulut, Ö., Bol, S., ve Karakuş, O. (2013). Adli vakalara ait iskelet buluntuları için saha prosedürü ve standartları. Polis Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(3), 1-22.
  • Burton, J. L. (2003). Health and safety at necropsy. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 56(4), 254-260. https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fjcp.56.4.254
  • CBRN International. (t.y.). CBRN detection and identification. https://cbrnintl.com/index.html
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2004). Occupational fatalities during trenching and excavation work - United States. 1992-2001. Morbidity and Mortility Weekly Report, 53(15), 311-314. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5315a2.htm
  • Ceker, D., ve Stevens, W. D. (2015). Recovery of missing persons in Cyprus: Heavy equipment methods and techniques for complex well excavations. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 60(6), 1529-1533. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12854
  • Çeker, D. (2018). Adli operatörlük: adli kazılarda iş makinesi operatörlerinin rolü. Adli Bilimler Dergisi, 17(4), 44-46.
  • Cha, K.-S., Cho, O.-H., ve Yoo, Y-S. (2015). Infection management and health practices among forensic science investigators in south Korea. Workplace Health & Safety, 63(5), 211-218. https://doi.org/10.1177/2165079915577785
  • Cordner, S. (2016). Managment of dead bodies after disasters: A Field Manual for First Responder (Second Edition). International Committee of the Red Cross.
  • Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı (ÇSGB). (2013). Meslek hastalıkları ve iş ile ilgili hastalıklar tanı rehberi. https://www.csgb.gov.tr/medias/4597/rehber20.pdf
  • Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı (ÇSGB) (2016). Elle taşıma işleri yönetmeliği. https://www.csgb.gov.tr/medias/4587/rehber06.pdf
  • Deatherage, J. H., Furches L. K., Radcliffe, M., Schriver, W. R., ve Wagner J. P. (2004). Neglecting safety precautions may lead to trenching fatalities. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 45(6), 522−527. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20010
  • Fondebrider, L. (2020). Forensic guide to the investigation, recovery and analysis of human skeletal remains. Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team. https://eaaf.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/EAAF-Forensic-Guide-for-the-investigation-recovery-and-analysis-of-human-skeletal-remains.pdf
  • Ganzcak, M., Kaczmarska, A. B., ve Dziuba, I. (2003). Pathologist and HIV--are safe autopsies possible? Polish Journal of Pathology, 54(2), 143-146.
  • Gök, E., Baduroğlu, E., Çetin, S., Fedakar, R., ve Aliustaoğlu, F. S. (2013). Bursa’da otopsisi yapılan fethi kabir olgularının değerlendirilmesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(1), 55-60. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/uutfd/issue/35292/391705
  • İş Güvenliği Uzmanlarının Görev, Yetki, Sorumluluk ve Eğitimleri Hakkında Yönetmelik. (2012, Aralık 29). Resmî gazete, 28512. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/12/20121229-11.htm
  • Kahraman, D. (2021). Adli antropoloji ve kimliklendirme: Adli arkeoloji. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Kişisel Koruyucu Donanımların İşyerlerinde Kullanılması Hakkında Yönetmelik. (2013). Resmî gazete, 28695. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2013/07/20130702-2.htm
  • Malatya Cumhuriyet Başsavcılığı. (2008). Olay yeri keşif, fethi kabir (mezar açma) tutanağı. TIHV Yayınları, 51, 65. Soruşturma No: 2001/49.
  • Morgan, O. (2004). Infectious disease risks from dead bodies following natural disasters. Revista Panamericana Salud Pública, 15(5), 307-312. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1020-49892004000500004
  • New Jersey State Police. (2021). Evidence field manual. New Jersey State Police, Investigations Branch, Forensic and Technical Services Section, Office of Forensic Sciences. https://nj.gov/njsp/division/investigations/pdf/ofs/Evidence_Field_Manual_2021.pdf
  • Pan American Health Organization. (t.y.). Risk of dead bodies associated with an epidemic. https://www.paho.org/en/health-emergencies/risk-dead-bodies-associated-epidemic
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (1999a). Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – Bacillus anthracis. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/bacillus-anthracis-material-safety-data-sheets-msds.html
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (1999b). Brucella spp. (B. abortus, B. canis, B. melitensis, B. suis) - Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/brucella-b-abortus-b-canis-b-melitensis-b-suis-material-safety-data-sheets-msds.html
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2001a). Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – Francisella tularensis. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/francisella-tularensis-material-safety-data-sheets-msds.html
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2001b). Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – Yersinia pestis. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/yersinia-pestis-material-safety-data-sheets-msds.html
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2010a). Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – Clostridium botulinum. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/clostridium-botulinum.html
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2010b). Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – Hantavirus spp. (14.01.2023). https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/hantavirus.html
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2010c). Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – Rabies virus. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/rabies-virus.html
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2010d). Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – Salmonella enterica spp. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/salmonella-enterica.html
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2010e). Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – Vibrio cholerae. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/vibrio-cholerae.html
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2017). Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – Clostridium tetani. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/clostridium-tetani.html
  • Türk Çınar, T. (2020). Adli genetik laboratuvarlarında biyogüvenlik [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Türk Çınar, T. (2021). Adli laboratuvarlarda biyogüvenlik: Bir adli genetik laboratuvarı analizi. Adalet Yayınevi.
  • Türk Toraks Derneği. (2018, Ocak 6). Asbest nedir? Sağlığımız üzerine etkiler nelerdir?! https://toraks.org.tr/site/news/4381
  • Türkiye İnsan Hakları Vakfı. (2008). Minnesota Protokolü. Birleşmiş Milletler hukuk dışı, keyfi ve yargısız infazların önlenmesine ve soruşturulmasına ilişkin el kılavuzu. TİHV Yayınları. https://tihv.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/minnesota-protokolu-birlesmis-milletler-hukuk-disi-keyfi-ve-yargisiz-infazlarin-onlenmesine-ve-sorusturulmasina-iliskin-el-kilavuzu.pdf
  • Umumi Hıfzıssıhha Kanunu. (1930, 6 Mayıs). Resmî gazete, 1489. https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.3.1593.pdf
  • World Health Organization. (2013). Disposal of dead bodies in emergency conditions. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/publications/disposal-of-dead-bodies-emergencies9a45e6de-eb46-468e-9dfa-e113ce419aa2.pdf?sfvrsn=3d073529_1&download=true
  • Yağmur, F., Körükçü, M., ve Hancı, H. (2003). Gömülmüş cesetlerin incelenmesi. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi, 12(4), 146. https://www.ttb.org.tr/sted/sted0403/gomulmus.pdf
  • Yetik, B., ve Sağır, M. (2019). İzmir’de 2011-2018 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilen mezar açma işlemlerinin hukuki ve adli antropolojik esaslara uygunluk açısından değerlendirilmesi. Antropoloji, (38), 101-109. https://doi.org/10.33613/antropolojidergisi.632020

Fethi kabirde iş güvenliği

Year 2023, Issue: 45, 9 - 14, 30.06.2023

Tuba Türk Çınar , Deren Çeker

https://doi.org/10.33613/antropolojidergisi.1196238

Abstract

Defnedilmiş bir cesedin mezarının hukukî nedenlerle açılması ve/veya mezardan çıkarılması işlemleri fethi kabir (mezar açma) olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Fethi kabir işlemlerinde cesetten ve/veya vücut sıvılarından, cesedin üzerindeki kumaştan, cesedin bitişiğindeki mezardan, cesedin bulunduğu konumundan, mezarın açılma yollarından vb. kaynaklanan birçok risk faktörleri bulunmaktadır. Bu risk faktörleri mezar açmada görevli uzman ekibin sağlığını ve güvenliğini tehdit etmekte, iş kazaları ve meslek hastalıkları oluşturabilmektedir. Çalışmamızda mezar açmada iş kazaları ve meslek hastalıklarının önüne geçebilmek, fethi kabir ortamlarında sağlık ve güvenliği sağlayabilmek amacıyla fethi kabirde bulunabilecek risk faktörleri belirlenmiş ve sonuçta iş güvenliği tedbirleri ve ajan tespit sistemleri önerilmiştir.

Keywords

Fethi kabir fethi kabirde iş güvenliği ajan tespit sistemleri mezar açma adli kazı fethi kabirde biyogüvenlik

References

  • Alper, B., Azmak, D., Çekin, N., Gülmen, M. K., Koç S., Salaçin, S. (1999). Adli otopsi ve adli patoloji. Türk Tabipler Birliği (Ed.) içinde, Birinci basamak için adli tıp el litabı (s. 36-82). Türk Tabipler Birliği Yayınları.
  • Birincioğlu, İ., Turan, N., ve Teke, H. (2009). Trabzon’da fethi kabir otopsileri. Adli Tıp Dergisi, 23(2), 11-17.
  • Bulut, Ö., Bol, S., ve Karakuş, O. (2013). Adli vakalara ait iskelet buluntuları için saha prosedürü ve standartları. Polis Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(3), 1-22.
  • Burton, J. L. (2003). Health and safety at necropsy. Journal of Clinical Pathology, 56(4), 254-260. https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fjcp.56.4.254
  • CBRN International. (t.y.). CBRN detection and identification. https://cbrnintl.com/index.html
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2004). Occupational fatalities during trenching and excavation work - United States. 1992-2001. Morbidity and Mortility Weekly Report, 53(15), 311-314. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5315a2.htm
  • Ceker, D., ve Stevens, W. D. (2015). Recovery of missing persons in Cyprus: Heavy equipment methods and techniques for complex well excavations. Journal of Forensic Sciences, 60(6), 1529-1533. https://doi.org/10.1111/1556-4029.12854
  • Çeker, D. (2018). Adli operatörlük: adli kazılarda iş makinesi operatörlerinin rolü. Adli Bilimler Dergisi, 17(4), 44-46.
  • Cha, K.-S., Cho, O.-H., ve Yoo, Y-S. (2015). Infection management and health practices among forensic science investigators in south Korea. Workplace Health & Safety, 63(5), 211-218. https://doi.org/10.1177/2165079915577785
  • Cordner, S. (2016). Managment of dead bodies after disasters: A Field Manual for First Responder (Second Edition). International Committee of the Red Cross.
  • Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı (ÇSGB). (2013). Meslek hastalıkları ve iş ile ilgili hastalıklar tanı rehberi. https://www.csgb.gov.tr/medias/4597/rehber20.pdf
  • Çalışma ve Sosyal Güvenlik Bakanlığı (ÇSGB) (2016). Elle taşıma işleri yönetmeliği. https://www.csgb.gov.tr/medias/4587/rehber06.pdf
  • Deatherage, J. H., Furches L. K., Radcliffe, M., Schriver, W. R., ve Wagner J. P. (2004). Neglecting safety precautions may lead to trenching fatalities. American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 45(6), 522−527. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.20010
  • Fondebrider, L. (2020). Forensic guide to the investigation, recovery and analysis of human skeletal remains. Argentine Forensic Anthropology Team. https://eaaf.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/EAAF-Forensic-Guide-for-the-investigation-recovery-and-analysis-of-human-skeletal-remains.pdf
  • Ganzcak, M., Kaczmarska, A. B., ve Dziuba, I. (2003). Pathologist and HIV--are safe autopsies possible? Polish Journal of Pathology, 54(2), 143-146.
  • Gök, E., Baduroğlu, E., Çetin, S., Fedakar, R., ve Aliustaoğlu, F. S. (2013). Bursa’da otopsisi yapılan fethi kabir olgularının değerlendirilmesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(1), 55-60. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/uutfd/issue/35292/391705
  • İş Güvenliği Uzmanlarının Görev, Yetki, Sorumluluk ve Eğitimleri Hakkında Yönetmelik. (2012, Aralık 29). Resmî gazete, 28512. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2012/12/20121229-11.htm
  • Kahraman, D. (2021). Adli antropoloji ve kimliklendirme: Adli arkeoloji. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
  • Kişisel Koruyucu Donanımların İşyerlerinde Kullanılması Hakkında Yönetmelik. (2013). Resmî gazete, 28695. https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2013/07/20130702-2.htm
  • Malatya Cumhuriyet Başsavcılığı. (2008). Olay yeri keşif, fethi kabir (mezar açma) tutanağı. TIHV Yayınları, 51, 65. Soruşturma No: 2001/49.
  • Morgan, O. (2004). Infectious disease risks from dead bodies following natural disasters. Revista Panamericana Salud Pública, 15(5), 307-312. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1020-49892004000500004
  • New Jersey State Police. (2021). Evidence field manual. New Jersey State Police, Investigations Branch, Forensic and Technical Services Section, Office of Forensic Sciences. https://nj.gov/njsp/division/investigations/pdf/ofs/Evidence_Field_Manual_2021.pdf
  • Pan American Health Organization. (t.y.). Risk of dead bodies associated with an epidemic. https://www.paho.org/en/health-emergencies/risk-dead-bodies-associated-epidemic
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (1999a). Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – Bacillus anthracis. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/bacillus-anthracis-material-safety-data-sheets-msds.html
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (1999b). Brucella spp. (B. abortus, B. canis, B. melitensis, B. suis) - Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS). https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/brucella-b-abortus-b-canis-b-melitensis-b-suis-material-safety-data-sheets-msds.html
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2001a). Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – Francisella tularensis. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/francisella-tularensis-material-safety-data-sheets-msds.html
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2001b). Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – Yersinia pestis. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/yersinia-pestis-material-safety-data-sheets-msds.html
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2010a). Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – Clostridium botulinum. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/clostridium-botulinum.html
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2010b). Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – Hantavirus spp. (14.01.2023). https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/hantavirus.html
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2010c). Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – Rabies virus. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/rabies-virus.html
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2010d). Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – Salmonella enterica spp. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/salmonella-enterica.html
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2010e). Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – Vibrio cholerae. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/vibrio-cholerae.html
  • Public Health Agency of Canada. (2017). Pathogen Safety Data Sheets: Infectious Substances – Clostridium tetani. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/laboratory-biosafety-biosecurity/pathogen-safety-data-sheets-risk-assessment/clostridium-tetani.html
  • Türk Çınar, T. (2020). Adli genetik laboratuvarlarında biyogüvenlik [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Türk Çınar, T. (2021). Adli laboratuvarlarda biyogüvenlik: Bir adli genetik laboratuvarı analizi. Adalet Yayınevi.
  • Türk Toraks Derneği. (2018, Ocak 6). Asbest nedir? Sağlığımız üzerine etkiler nelerdir?! https://toraks.org.tr/site/news/4381
  • Türkiye İnsan Hakları Vakfı. (2008). Minnesota Protokolü. Birleşmiş Milletler hukuk dışı, keyfi ve yargısız infazların önlenmesine ve soruşturulmasına ilişkin el kılavuzu. TİHV Yayınları. https://tihv.org.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/minnesota-protokolu-birlesmis-milletler-hukuk-disi-keyfi-ve-yargisiz-infazlarin-onlenmesine-ve-sorusturulmasina-iliskin-el-kilavuzu.pdf
  • Umumi Hıfzıssıhha Kanunu. (1930, 6 Mayıs). Resmî gazete, 1489. https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuatmetin/1.3.1593.pdf
  • World Health Organization. (2013). Disposal of dead bodies in emergency conditions. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/documents/publications/disposal-of-dead-bodies-emergencies9a45e6de-eb46-468e-9dfa-e113ce419aa2.pdf?sfvrsn=3d073529_1&download=true
  • Yağmur, F., Körükçü, M., ve Hancı, H. (2003). Gömülmüş cesetlerin incelenmesi. Sürekli Tıp Eğitimi Dergisi, 12(4), 146. https://www.ttb.org.tr/sted/sted0403/gomulmus.pdf
  • Yetik, B., ve Sağır, M. (2019). İzmir’de 2011-2018 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilen mezar açma işlemlerinin hukuki ve adli antropolojik esaslara uygunluk açısından değerlendirilmesi. Antropoloji, (38), 101-109. https://doi.org/10.33613/antropolojidergisi.632020
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Forensic Medicine, Forensic Anthropology, Archaeology
Journal Section Review Articles
Authors

Tuba Türk Çınar 0000-0003-4297-7496

Deren Çeker 0000-0002-0262-260X

Early Pub Date June 30, 2023
Publication Date June 30, 2023
Submission Date October 29, 2022
Acceptance Date December 29, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 45

Cite

APA Türk Çınar, T., & Çeker, D. (2023). Fethi kabirde iş güvenliği. Antropoloji(45), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.33613/antropolojidergisi.1196238
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