Genetic, Epigenetic and Environmental Factors Affecting Tooth Morphology

Year 2024, Issue: 48, 36 - 43, 30.06.2024

Fatma Nur Erbil

https://doi.org/10.33613/antropolojidergisi.1468265

Abstract

Tooth morpholog y is determined predominantly by genetic factors. For this reason, teeth are frequently used in anthropological studies as they provide information on important issues including the geographical region to which individuals and populations belong, kinship relations, similarities and differences between populations. In this article, genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors that cause dental variations are discussed. Additionally, embryological development of teeth, twin studies, and genome-wide association studies were mentioned. These studies point out that tooth variations are largely genetic in origin, but environmental and epigenetic factors exposed during embryological development also affect tooth morpholog y. More genetic studies are needed to determine the factors contributing to tooth morpholog y.

Keywords

Dental variation, genetics of dental development, twin studies, EDAR

Diş morfolojisini etkileyen genetik, epigenetik ve çevresel faktörler

Abstract

Diş morfolojisi ağırlıklı olarak genetik faktörler tarafından belirlenir. Bu sebeple dişler, bireylerin ve popülasyonların ait olduğu coğrafi bölge, akrabalık ilişkileri, popülasyonlar arası benzerlik ve farklılıklar gibi önemli konularda bilgiler vermesi bakımından antropolojik çalışmalarda sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Bu makalede, diş varyasyonlarına sebep olan genetik, epigenetik ve çevresel faktörlere değinilmiştir. Ayrıca, dişlerin embriyolojik gelişimi, ikiz çalışmaları, genom çapında ilişkilendirme çalışmalarından bahsedilmiştir. Bu çalışmalar diş varyasyonlarının büyük ölçüde genetik kökenli olduğunu, ancak, embriyolojik gelişim döneminde maruz kalınan çevresel ve epigenetik faktörlerin de diş morfolojisine etki ettiğine dikkat çekmiştir. Diş morfolojisine katkı sağlayan faktörlerin belirlenmesine yönelik daha çok genetik çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

Diş varyasyonları, Diş gelişimi genetiği, İkiz çalışmaları, EDAR

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